• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제36권7호
• /
• pp.742-750
• /
• 1999

화학기상응축법을 이용한 TiO2 나노분말합성시 전구체 주입속도 및 산소 반응기체유량의 변화에 따른 나노입자의 형성과정을 분말특성의 관점에서 조사하였다. 기상합성반응의 주요 열역학, 동역학적 인자인 과포화도, 충돌율, 체류시간의 상기 두 공정변수에 대한 의존성을 이론적으로 평가하였고, 이를 0.376, 0.742 m//min의 두 전구체 주입속도 조건에서 산소유량을 1에서 2slm까지 변화시키며 합성한 TiO2 나노분말의 특성과 관련하여 분석하였다 모든 조건에서 합성된 TiO2 분말은 20~30 nm의 크기를 갖는 미세한 anatase 상과 극소량의 rutilc상이 혼합되어 서로 느슨한 결합을 하고 있었다 전구체 주입속도가 0.376m//min의 경우, 전반적인 입도와 응집도는 0.742 m//min에 비해 작았으며, 산소유량이 증가할수록 체류시간과 충돌율이 감소하여 형성된 TiO2 분말의 입도는 감소하였다. 또한 산소유량 증가에 따른 과포화도의 감소는 분말형성과정과 기구에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되나, 정확한 분석을 위해서는 각각의 독립적인 열역학 및 동역학적 변수 조건하에서의 면밀한 고찰이 요구되었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.499-508
• /
• 2006

Atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured at the Chonbuk National University located in Jeonju, four times between June and November 2002, each time for five days. Twenty-four compounds including five alkyl PAHs and byphenyl were analyzed. Average total concentration of 24 PAHs was 85 $\pm$ 15 ng/$m^3$ and about 94% of PAHs existed in the gas phase. On an average, naphthalene accounted for about 30% of the total PAHs concentration. The gas/particle partitioning was not much varied during the measurement period. High molecular weight PAHs with five and six rings were primarily associated with fine particles less than 1 $\mu$m. Lower molecular weight PAHs were evenly distributed in fine and coarse particles so that their distribution was similar to that of TSP.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1992

물분자와 전리방사선과의 상호작용에 의하여 생성된 방사능극소입자에 관한 많은 연구결과가 보고되어 왔으며, 특히 이전 연구에서는 물분자의 방사성분해에 의해 발생한 수산화라디칼의 높은 농도는, 유기물기체와 같은 실내기체와 반응즉시 낮은 증기압의 화학물로 변하여 극소입자가 된다고 알려져 왔다. 본 연구에서는, 라돈의 첫째딸핵종인 Po-218에 대한 물분자와의 의존성을 조사할 목적으로, 실내기체의 최적제어가 가능한 라돈챔버를 사용하여 일련의 실험들을 수행하였다. 특별히 설계 제작된 평행등급 금속망필터시스템을 사용하여, 서로 다른 습도조건하에서 0.5-100nm 크기의 라돈딸핵종에 대한 방사능크기분포도가 얻어졌으며, 그 결과가 분석되었다. 라든가스챔버내에 수증기분자의 첨가와 동 수증기분자의 방사성분해에 의하여 생성된 수산화라디칼에 의한 극소입자들의 형성을 확인하였는데 이는 수증기의 방사성분해과정에서 Po-218이온과 수증기분자 사이에 중화과정 때문인 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집D
• /
• pp.91-96
• /
• 2001

Ultrafine particles have been widely used in many high technology industrial areas. The spherical nonagglomerated and uniform nanometer-size $SiO_{2}$ particles are synthesized by the injection of TEOS vapor, ions and reaction gas in furnace. Ions were generated by Corona discharge electrode and these ions charge $SiO_{2}$ particles. As a result, spherical, nonagglomerated and ultrafine particles are generated in various conditions, it's morphology, charging portion and size distribution are examined by using TEM, ESP and SMPS. As the applied voltage of electrode changes from 0 kV to 5.0 kV, it is observed that the mean diameter of $SiO_{2}$ particle decreases from 94 nm to 42 nm.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제43권5호
• /
• pp.609-615
• /
• 2005

$1{\mu}l$ 정도의 미량 titanium tetraisopropoxide(TTIP)를 주사기를 사용하여 1 cc 부피의 증발관에 주입하여 기화시킨 후 질소에 의해 직경 4 mm, 길이 35 cm의 관형 에어로졸반응기로 운반하여 열분해 시킴으로써 30-300 nm 크기의 $TiO_2$ 나노입자를 제조하였으며, 반응온도 및 TTIP 증기 농도가 생성된 $TiO_2$ 입자의 형상, 크기, 결정성 등에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 전구체 증기 농도 1 mol%에서 반응온도를 300, 500, $700^{\circ}C$로 변화시킨 결과 반응온도가 증가함에 따라 응집체를 구성하고 있는 1차 입자 크기가 감소하였고, $700^{\circ}C$에서는 입자 크기분포가 bimodal 형태를 나타내었다. 반응온도를 $700^{\circ}C$로 유지하고 전구체 증기 농도를 1, 3.5, 7 mol%로 변화시킨 결과 전구체 증기 농도 3.5 mol% 이상에서는 1 mol%에서 관찰되었던 bimodal 분포가 사라지고 응집체 내 1차 입자들의 개수가 상대적으로 많이 증가하였다. 반응온도 및 전구체 농도가 입자의 형상, 크기분포에 미치는 이와 같은 영향들을 이전의 연구결과들과 함께 비교 분석하였다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국연소학회 2014년도 제49회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
• /
• pp.33-36
• /
• 2014

Gasification of biomass produces syngas containing CO, $H_2$ and/or $CH_4$, which can then be converted into energy or value-added fuels. One of key issues for efficient gasification is to minimize tar concentration in the syngas for use in a final conversion device such as gas engine. This study investigated the decomposition of primary tar by catalytic cracking using char as catalyst, of which the feature can be integrated into a fixed bed gasifier design. The pyrolysis vapor containing tar from pyrolysis of wood at $500^{\circ}C$ was passed through a reactor filled with or without char at $800^{\circ}C$ for a residence time of 1, 3 or 5 sec. Then, the condensable vapor (water and tar) and gases were analyzed for the yields and elemental composition. Four types of char particles with different microscopic surface area and pore size distribution: wood, paddy straw, palm kernel shell and activated carbon. The results were analyzed for the mass and carbon yields of tar and the composition of product gases to conclude the effects of char types and residence time.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.504-512
• /
• 1999

The high-quality carbon nanofibers were prepared by chemical vapor deposition of gas mixtures of CO-H2 and C3H8-H2 over Fe-Cu and Ni-Cu bimetallic catalysts. The yield and structure of carbon nanofiber produced were altered by the change of catalyst composition and reaction temperature. The high yields were obtained around 500$^{\circ}C$ with e-Cu catalyst and around 700-750$^{\circ}C$ with Ni-Cu catalyst and the relatively higher yields were obtained with the bimetallic catalyst containing 50-90% of Ni and Fe respectively in comparison with the pure metals. The carbon nanofibers produced over the Fe-Cu catalyst at around 500$^{\circ}C$ with the maximum yields had the highest surface ares of 160-200 m2/g around 650$^{\circ}C$ which was slightly lower than the temperature for maximum yields. In order to examine the characteristics of carbon nanofibers as catalyst support Ni and Co metals were supporte on the carbon nanofibers and CO hydrogenation reaction was performed with the catalysts. The particle size distribution of Ni and Co supported over the carbon nanofibers were 6-15 nm and the CO hydrogenation reaction rate with the carbon-nanofiber supported catalysts was much higher than that over the other supports.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 2003

TiO₂nanoparticles were synthesized using the metallorganic chemical vapor deposition process. Particles with and without metal ion dopants were obtained. X-ray photoelectron and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic measurements confirmed the stoichiometry of the TiO₂nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction patterns showed a polycrystalline anatase structure of TiO₂. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that these particles are of nanoscale dimensions. Exact particle size and size distribution analyses were carried out by dynamic light scattering. The average particle size was determined to be 22 nm. The nanosize particles provided large surface area for photocatalysis and a large number of free surface-charge carriers, which are crucial for the enhancement of photocatalytic activity. To improve the photocatalytic activity, metal ions, including transition metal ions $(Pd^{2+},\;Pt^{4+},\;Fe^{3+})$ and lanthanide ion $(Nd^{3+})$ were added to pure TiO₂nanoparticles. The effects of dopants on photocatalytic kinetics were investigated by the degradation of 2-chlorophenol under an ultraviolet light source. The results showed that the TiO₂nanoparticles with the metal ion dopants have higher photocatalytic activity than undoped TiO₂. The $Nd^{3+}$ ion of these dopant metal ions showed the highest catalytic activity. The difference in the photocatalytic activity with different dopants is related to the different ionic radii of the dopants.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.118.2-118.2
• /
• 2016

3D NAND 제조에 있어 high-aspect-ratio etch 공정을 견뎌낼 수 있는 hardmask 소재로서 amorphous carbon layer (ACL) 가 각광받고 있으며 hardmask로서의 특성을 향상시키기 위해 다양한 연구가 진행중에 있다 [1]. 본 연구팀의 기존 연구에서 질소 및 붕소 doping 된 ACL 박막의 etch rate 및 Raman 분석을 통해 박막 특성을 확인한 바 있었으나, 공정 중 arcing이 일어나는 등 의도치 않은 문제로 인해 공정 최적화에 일부 문제가 존재하였다. 본 연구에서는 plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) 공정을 통해 C6H12 기체 및 doping을 위한 NH3 와 B2H6 두 기체를 이용하여 특성 개선된 ACL을 증착하는 과정에서 발생하는 arcing 및 증착 특성을 규명하고자 진공 내 입자의 수농도를 실시간 측정할 수 있는 particle beam mass spectrometer(PBMS)를 적용, 특정 공정 사건 진단 및 해당 사건에서 발생하는 입자를 분석, 증착된 박막의 Raman spectroscopy 결과와 비교 분석하였다.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.161-172
• /
• 2012

Three-dimensional numerical simulation using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was carried out in order to investigate the formation and dispersion of the plume discharged from the stack of a thermal power station. The simulation was based on the standard ${\kappa}{\sim}{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model and a finite-volume method. Warm and moist exhaust from a power plant stack forms a visible plume as entering the cold ambient air. In the simulation, moisture content, emission velocity and temperature of the flue gas, air temperature and wind speed were dealt with the main parameters to analyze the properties of the plume composed mainly of water vapor. As a result of the simulation, the plume could be more apparent in cold winter due to a big difference of latent heat capacity. At no wind condition, the white plume rises 120 m upward from the top of the stack, and expands to 40 m around from the stack in cold winter after flue gas heat recovery. The influencing distance of relative humidity will be about 100 m to 400 m downstream from the stack with a cross wind effect. The decrease of flue gas temperature by heat recovery of thermal energy facilitates the formation of the plume and restrains its dispersion. Wind speed with vertical distribution affects the plume dispersion as well as the density.