• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.910
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• pp.1253-1264
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to develop clothing shopping orientation[CSO] scale reflecting the conceptual structure of CSO. For this purpose, a questionnaire composed of comprehensive 85 CSO items was developed through 2-step preliminary tests. Data was collected from two samples. One sample(n=559) was for scale development and the other sample(n=235) was for cross validity test. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, regression analysis, ANOVA, and confirmatory factor analysis were used for data analysis. For each lower-dimension within the CSO conceptual structure model, 1-2 items were selected based on the quantitative and the qualitative standards. As a result, a CSO scale composed of 31 items was developed, and reliability, construct validity, cross validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and criterion validity of the scale were verified. This study has significance in offering the standardized scale to both the academic and the practical fields.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.321-330
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the validity and reliability of the personality measurement tool for nursing college students. Methods: Questionnaires were issued to 300 nursing students, with 275 eventually collected. The items were confirmed by validity experts. Construct validity was tested using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability analysis was tested using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Criterion validity was tested by analyzing correlation with the college adjustment scale. Results: Eight factors were confirmed by exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm the model fit (Root-mean-square residual .03; Root-mean-square error of approximation .06; Comparative fit index .92); and convergent validity and discriminant validity were confirmed. In addition, the criterion validity was confirmed through correlation (r=.64, p<.001) with the college adjustment scale. The reliability of this tool was Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ .94. Conclusion: This tool can be used to measure personality in nursing education and can be used to develop and evaluate personality programs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.80-91
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• 2019

Purpose: This study attempted to develop a scale that measures the level of patients' recognition of the nurses' care, based on Watson's caring theory, and confirmed its reliability and validity. Methods: The items were developed through a literature review and an expert content validity test. The questionnaires were administered to 285 inpatients of internal medicine and surgical units at two general hospitals. Construct validity was tested using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha. Results: This process resulted in a preliminary scale composed of 34 items; We used item analysis and five exploratory factor analyses, and consequently selected 14 items composed of three factors (respect, genuineness, and relationality). The confirmatory factor analysis verified the model fit and convergent and discriminant validity of the final items; criterion validity was confirmed with the positive correlation with the measurement scale of the patient-perceived quality of nursing. The overall scale reliability had a Cronbach's alpha of .92, which indicated internal consistency and reliability. Conclusion: The developed scale showed content, construct, and criterion validity, and reliability, as well as convergent validity for each item and discriminant validity between the factors. This makes it suitable for use in a diverse range of future studies on nurse communication using structural equation models.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.587-594
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide researchers with a simplified approach to undertaking exploratory factor analysis for the assessment of construct validity. Methods: All articles published in 2010, 2011, and 2012 in Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing were reviewed and other relevant books and articles were chosen for the review. Results: In this paper, the following were discussed: preliminary analysis process of exploratory factor analysis to examine the sample size, distribution of measured variables, correlation coefficient, and results of KMO measure and Bartlett's test of sphericity. In addition, other areas to be considered in using factor analysis are discussed, including determination of the number of factors, the choice of rotation method or extraction method of the factor structure, and the interpretation of the factor loadings and explained variance. Conclusion: Content validity is the degree to which elements of an assessment instrument are relevant to and representative of the targeted construct for a particular assessment purpose. This measurement is difficult and challenging and takes a lot of time. Factor analysis is considered one of the strongest approaches to establishing construct validity and is the most commonly used method for establishing construct validity measured by an instrument.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.559-568
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• 1999

This study was conducted to develop the questionnaire for the measurement of environmental attitudes and test its reliability and validity. Development and valiadation of the 46 survey items that measure environmental attitudes were described. The total of 3 surveys were conducted and the total of 510 persons including diverse sample groups were questionnaired. The SAS $PC^+$ package program was used in both the reliability analysis and the validity analysis of surveyed data. Results revealed the very high reliability and the high validity of the questionnaire. The reliability of the finalized questionnaire was increased to the level of Cronbach-$\alpha$ 0.92 after the repeated reliability analyses and revisions of the firstly and secondly designed questionnaires. The validity of our questionnaire was sufficiently affirmed through the use and aplication of factor analysis and known-groups technique.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.611-620
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (K-WLEIS). Methods: Data were collected from 360 nursing students using a self reported questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to test construct validity. Convergence validity was identified by correlation with communication competency. Item convergent and discriminant validity were also analyzed. Reliability was evaluated internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the eigen values ranged from 1.34 to 5.86 and 73.2% of the total explained variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate model fit indices (χ²/df 1.89, RMSEA .07, GFI .89, CFI .95, and TLI .93) and standardized factor loadings (.48 to .87). The average extracted variances (.71 to .79) and composite reliability (.80 to .87) validated convergence and discriminant validity of the items. Test-retest reliability of intra-class correlation coefficient was .90 and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .88. Conclusion: The K-WLEIS is an appropriate scale for measuring the emotional intelligence of Korean nursing students. Therefore, it is expected that the K-WLEIS will be used for nursing education programs to improve nursing students' emotional intelligence.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.105-125
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• 2014

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate reliability and validity of a 27-item Korean Version of the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life in adolescents ($IWQOL-Kids^{(C)}$: Korean Version). Methods: This instrument was administered to 872 adolescents (mean z-BMI: 2.61, mean $age{\pm}SD$: $13.9{\pm}1.2$, male: 51.9%). Reliability was tested by internal consistency method and item analysis, validity test was performed by index of content validity, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and concurrent validity. Sensitivity was tested by ANOVA and t-test. Analyses were performed using SPSS and Amos 18.0. Results: By an exploratory factor analysis, 4 factors were extracted; 'Body esteem' consisted of 9 items with 35.9% of variance (social life: 6 items, 10.23%, physical comfort: 6 items, 8.21%, family relations: 6 items, 7.0%). Four factors explained 61.34% of total variance. Internal consistency coefficients ranged from .766 to .929 for scales on 27 items and equal to .920 for total score for both the 26-item and 27-item tools. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted for the convergent validity and discriminant validity. The standardized factor loadings to test the convergent validity showed more than .5(C.R<1.965) on all paths after deletion of item PC1 (avoid stairs). The average variances extracted were more than .50 and the construct reliabilities were more than .70. The average variances extracted were stronger than the squares of correlation coefficient of inter-latent variables. Conclusions: These results support that the $IWQOL-Kids^{(C)}$: Korean Version with a 26-item is a reliable and valid tool in Korean obese adolescents.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.121-132
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• 2017

Purpose: In this study the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Cancer Stigma Scale (KCSS) was evaluated. Methods: The KCSS was formed through translation and modification of Cataldo Lung Cancer Stigma Scale. The KCSS, Psychological Symptom Inventory (PSI), and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire - Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) were administered to 247 men and women diagnosed with one of the five major cancers. Construct validity, item convergent and discriminant validity, concurrent validity, known-group validity, and internal consistency reliability of the KCSS were evaluated. Results: Exploratory factor analysis supported the construct validity with a six-factor solution; that explained 65.7% of the total variance. The six-factor model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (Q (${\chi}^2/df$)= 2.28, GFI=.84, AGFI=.81, NFI=.80, TLI=.86, RMR=.03, and RMSEA=.07). Concurrent validity was demonstrated with the QLQ-C30 (global: r=-.44; functional: r=-.19; symptom: r=.42). The KCSS had known-group validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the 24 items was .89. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the 24-item KCSS has relatively acceptable reliability and validity and can be used in clinical research to assess cancer stigma and its impacts on health-related quality of life in Korean cancer patients.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2021

Structural validity, internal consistency, and cross-cultural validity/measurement invariance are psychometric properties of the internal structure of an instrument. In psychometric studies published in Korean nursing journals, structural validity has mainly been assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. Cross-cultural validity/measurement invariance has rarely been evaluated. It is recommended for Korean nursing researchers to evaluate the internal structure of instruments using a greater variety of methods, such as item response theory, Rasch analysis, multi-group confirmatory factor analysis, and differential item functioning.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.64-76
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• 2022

Purpose : This study aimed to verify the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the nurses' attitude scale toward advance directives of patients. Methods : We translated and back-translated the original tool consisting of 20 questions and tested and verified its content validity. Questions for which its content validity has been verified, a preliminary investigation was conducted among 20 nurses working in ICU, followed by the actual investigation. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 for Windows and Mac and AMOS version 24.0. To verify the validity, an item analysis was conducted for all 398 samples, and then an exploratory factor analysis for 200 samples that were randomly selected, followed by a confirmatory factor analysis for the remaining 198 samples. Results : Korean version of advance directives attitude scale (K-ADAS) consisting of 14 questions - 7 questions on 'patient rights,' 4 questions on 'role of a nurse,' and 3 questions on 'ethical judgment' - was verified its validity and reliability. Conclusion : In this study, the validity and reliability of the K-ADAS have been verified. We expect the verified tool to be useful in various fields that measuring the nurses' attitude toward advance directives of patients.