• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2006

This study is to investigate the patients who had blepharoplasty for cosmetic purposes or facial nerve disorders. 21 patients were examined with an age from 17 to 63 years. Sixteen cases were classified as a normal group for investigation of the histopathologic change according to the age. The rest were patients of Bell's palsy(2), $Botox^{(R)}$ injection(2) and blepharospasm (1). We measured a mean diameter of myofiber and dimension's proportion of muscluar tissue per regular visual field. First, we measured a statistical significance according to the age in normal cases by grouping them into younger than 30-year-old, 30's, 40's, 50's and 60's. Second, we divided normal cases(16) into Group A and B by two bases for statistical analysis. In conclusion, although there were several differences as vacuolation, internalization of sarcolemnic nuclei between 35-year-old and 62-year-old patients in simple comparison, there was no uniform decrease according to the age. There were also no significant statistical changes in the value of a diameter of myofibers and dimension's proportion of muscular tissue according to the age in any of the two normal groups. But in $Botox^{(R)}$ injection and Bell's palsy, blepharospasm patients, two values showed remarkable difference compared to the normal group of same age.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the testicular toxicity of environmental toxicant, 2-bromopropane(2-BP) recently caused occupational intoxication in Korea by light microscopy and electron microscopy. To evaluate the effect on spermatogenesis and find target germ cell 10 weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 5g/10m ℓ/kg/day of 2-bromopropane for 3 consecutive days orally and observed on day 1 or day 7 after treatment. 2-BP induced depletion of spermatogonia and early spermatocytes on stages I-IX or extensive degeneration of germ cells on the other stages on day 1. But extensive degeneration of germ cells without stage specificity was observed and round spermatid formed multinucleated giant cells in the lumen of seminiferous tubules on day 7. Electron microscopically Sertoli cells showed irregular shape of nucleus and cytoplasmic vauolation. And spermatocyte showed a extensive heterochromatin and cytoplasmic vacuolation. But there was no histopathological changes in the interstial cells. On the base of the results the target germ cell was spermatogonia in the early of the study but Srtoli cells also effected by high-dosed 2-BP in the late of the study.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the effects of ethanolic extract of Ulmus davidiana root (UE) on lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet (HF) for 7 weeks. Forty male ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups; normal diet group (N), high-fat diet group (HF), HF with 0.5% UE (HF-L) and 1% UE (HF-H) group. Body weight, body weight gain, and liver weight in the HF group was significantly higher than in the N group, while those of the HF-L and HF-H group were unchanged. UE improved HF-induced dyslipidemia by reducing serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and the atherogenic index. There was no difference in serum HDL-cholesterol among experimental groups. However, the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio was significantly increased in the HF-L and HF-H group. Histological analysis showed that HF-fed mice developed hepatocellular microvesicular vacuolation as a result of fat accumulation. These changes were attenuated by 1% UE supplementation. In addition, hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the HF-H group significantly reduced. Taken together, these results demonstrated that lipid levels in the blood and liver were reduced by UE, suggesting that it might be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia and fatty liver.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate to protective effects against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection in piglets by administration of the PEDV antiserum orally at 2 hrs, 24hrs and 36hrs after birth. six piglets administered the antiserum were experimentally infected with PEDV at five-day-old. Control group were four piglets infected with PEDV only. Clinical signs and gross, histopathological lesion and immunohistochemical findings were examined. The results obtained were as follows; 1. In clinical signs, piglets of the control group appeared the typical signs of severe watery diarrhea, depression and anorexia but piglets of the PEDV antiserum treated group recovered progressively. In mortality, control group showed 75%, but PEDV antiserum treated group showed 16.7%, respectively. 2. In gross findings, piglets of the control group appeared the typical findings of congestion, distension of lumen, containing curdes of undigested milk in stomach. But piglets of the PEDV antiserum treated group appeared milder than those of control group. 3. In histopathological findings, piglets of the control group appeared the typical findings of villous atrophy and fusion, congesion, exfoliation, vacuolation, squamation, loss of cilia and proliferation of crypt. But piglets of the PEDV antiserum treated group appeared milder than those of control group. 4. In immunohistochemical findings, piglets of the PEDV antiserum treated group showed more intensive in reaction for IgG and IgG than those of control group. The recation for IgA was stronger than that of IgG. It was concluded that oral administration of PEDV antiserum to piglets was effective in preventing PEDV infection and reduced their mortality.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.217-225
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• 1993

Commercial turkey poults not previously exposed to avian rotavirus were inoculated orally with the virus alone or in combination with E coki serotype 078 at 1, 7, 14 and 21 days of age. Turkey poults of 1, 7 and 14 days of age were susceptible to infection despite the presence of maternal antibodies against avian rotavirus in their serum. However, turkey poults at 21 days of age were less susceptible compared to those ages 1, 7 and 14 days. The clinical signs in poults of all ages were mild. Viral antigens were demonstrated in the mature villous epithelial cells of the duodenum, jejunum and ilem. Histopathological lesions were characterized by vacuolation of the epithelial cells and heterophil infiltration in infected turkey poults. A significant difference in D-xylose absorption was observed between control and rotavirus infected groups at 1 and 3 days post-infection in 14 days old turkey poults.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2004

The hepatotherapeutic effect of the extract of Lycii fructus has been studied in rats against $CCl_4$ induced liver toxicity. The rats were orally treated with $CCl_4$ (corn oil/$CCl_4$ 1:1, $1m{\ell}/kg$) and then $CCl_4$ ($0.5m{\ell}/kg$) administered four times for 2 weeks. The extracts of L. fructus have been administered every day for 2 weeks after the last $CCl_4$ injection. The experimental groups consisted of negative control (G1), positive control ($CCl_4$ alone; G2), extract of L. fructus (50 mg/kg; G3, 100 mg/kg; G4, 200 mg/kg; G5), respectively. There was a significant decrement to G2 on the serum level of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase in G5. Also, the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, and phosphatidylcholine hydroperxidase, a marker of lipid peroxidation, in the liver were decreased significantly G5 and G4 compared with G2. Although, catalase or superoxide dismutase, antioxidant enzyme, in the liver were decreased significantly too, it would not be a good sign for the liver. In histopathological findings, such a hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration, lobular restructure, cellular infiltration, necrosis, and so on were shown severely in G2. However, G4 and G5 was shown a mild cytoplasmic vacuolation and inflammatory cell. In conclusion, as a protection against cell damage, lipid peroxidation and serum level, it suggested that the extract of Lycii fructus would have been a therapeutic effect of liver injury directly.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.157-168
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• 1996

In this study, Residue of formaldehyde and histopathological changes in formalin and neutralformalin in treated fish(Sebastes schlegeli) were observed at two different temperatures(15 and $25^{\circ}C$). Immediately after in treatment, residue of formaldehyde in formalin treated fish was show little bit higher than in neutral-formalin treated fish at $15^{\circ}C$. But, there is no difference at water temperature $25^{\circ}C$. The elimination of formaldehyde was markedly temperature-dependent. The approximated withdrawal time were 72hr and 24hr at water temperature 15 and $25^{\circ}C$. Formalin was more toxic than the neutral-formalin at the same condition. Intensity of tissues damage was increased with increasing concentration of chemical and temperature. Formalin and neutral-formalin treatments caused edema and seperation of epithelium, winding of secondary gill lamella, necrosis in the gill ; congestion and pycnosis, vacuolation in the liver ; hydropic and granulated degeneration, necrosis of epithelial cells in the proximal renal tubule ; increasing mucus cells, cracking, necrosis of epidermis and dermis in the skin tissue.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.142-144
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• 2003

A 3-year-old, 38 kg, male Golden Retriever dog was referred to Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University because of chronic formation of crust on nasal bridge and planum nasale. Abnormalities of physical examination included hyperkeratosis on the footpad, symmetrical alopecia and erythma around olecranon, and crust on nasal bridge and planum nasale. Results of the hematological examination showed a mild leukopenia with neutropenia, monocytosis, and mild lymphocytosis. In addition, the result of serum chemistry and thyroid gland profile were normal. Results of fungal and bacterial culture was negative. Acanthocytes in cytological evaluation of nasal crust were observed in direct microscopic examination. Examination of skin biopsy exhibited vacuolation of basal cell layer, degeneration and necrosis of basal cell with defluxion, mild monocytes filtrations between epidermis and dermis, and mild acanthosis with hyperkeratinization. Based on results of examination described above, Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) was diagnosed.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.429-433
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• 2005

We investigated the effects of aqueous extract from talc for suppression in the process of cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in the rat. The weight of urinary bladder was increased in the cyclophosphamide-injected rat compared with normal, but the increase of weight was arrested by intake of talc. More similar results showed in the uric test involving nitrate content and blood cell number and serum analysis involving the content of blood urea nitrogen and uric acid in the talc challenged rat compared with control one. More severe histological changes of urinary bladder such as edema, wall thickness, bleeding, vacuolation in mucosal epithelium were demonstrated in the rat injected with cyclophosphamide compared with normal. Fewer scores of these changes such as edema and bleeding were observed in rats treated with talc. In the immunohistochemical analysis, the expression of inflammatory-related protein examined tended to increase in the urinary bladder of cyclophosphamide-injected rat, especially COX-2 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in mucosal epithelium and iNOS and $IL-1{\beta}$ in mucosal and muscular layer. The decline of these immunoreation were observed in the talc treated rat, significant decrease of COX-2 was detected in mucosal epithelium and iNOS in submucosal layer. These results suggest that talc may use as a useful therapeutic agent for noninfectious cystitis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.130-138
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• 1998

In this study, the effect of verapamil (VER) on cyclosporin A (CsA)-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated in uninephrectomized rats. Male Wistar rats were administered CsA (50 mg/kg/day, p.o.) or VER (0.5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) with CsA (50 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 20 days. The urinary N-acetyl-$\beta$-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity along with BUN, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance (CLcr), body weight, and 24 hr-urine output were measured and histopathologic changes of kidney were evaluated by light and electron microscopy. The results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows: While NAG activity, BUN and serum creatinine was progressively increased and CLcr significantly decreased in CsA group, VER almost signifi-cantly (p<0.05) suppressed and normalized CsA-induced changes in VER+CSA group. While urine output increased until 12th days and thereafter progressively decreased in CsA group, it gradually increased in control and VER+CSA group. While body weight progressively made a gain in control and VER+CSA groups, it significantly (p<0.05) lost in CsA group. On light microscopy, the glomerular hyperemia and proximal convoluted tubular (PCT) dilatation, focal tubular cell vacuolation and necrosis were clearly evident in CsA group, but, were not seen in other groups. Ultrastructural studies revealed thickened glomerular endothelium and basal lamina of capillary, irregular shaped pedicels of podocytes, indistinct slit pores and narrowed bowman's space. The large oval vacuoles with dense debris and phagosome were distributed in apical zone and deformed microvilli and mitochondria were seen in the PCT cell of CsA group. But, glomeruli and PCT cell were relatively preserved in normal apperance in other groups. In conclusion, it is suggested that verapamil has a protective effect on cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in uninephrectomized rats.