• 미생물학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.82-88
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• 1999

베로 세포에 적응시켜 개발된 약독화 일본뇌염 바이러스인 CJ5003 주를 이용해 제조된 새로운 2세대 일본뇌염 백신의 효과를 마우스에서 조사하였다. Adjuvant 로 aluminiu hydroxide gel을 사용한 경우, 그렇지 않은 경우에 비해 높은 일본뇌염 바이러스 특이 항체 유도능과 10배 향상된 중화항체 유도능을 보였으며, 항원의 양을 변화시켜 면역시킨 결과 0.5 ng 의 적은 항원양으로도 항체가 유발되었고 방어 가능한 수준인 1:10 이상의 중화항체가 유지되었다. 500ng의 항원양으로 면역된 마우스를 면역 초기부터 24주간 관찰한 결과 중화항체가가 14주까지 1:200 이상으로 계속 유지되었으며 24주에도 1:160을 유지하여 일본뇌염에 대한 방어효력이 장기간 유지되고 있음을 나타냈다. 또한 면역된 마우스 혈청은 Nakayama-NIH, SA14, P3 등 3종의 신경독성 일본뇌염 바이러스주에 대해서 각각 유사한 수준의 일본뇌염 바이러스 특이 항체가를 보여주어 다양한 일본뇌염 바이러스 주에 대한 방어 가능성을 보여주었다. 마우스를 이용한 뇌내 직접 공격 시험결과, CJ5003 후보 백신은 90% 이상의 높은 생존율을 나타냈다. 이상의 in vitro, in vivo 시험 결과는 베로 세포에서 생산된 CJ5003 후보 백신의 차세대 백신으로 개발 가능성을 시사한다.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

Fucoidan(후코이단)은 주로 갈조류에서 추출되는 fucose를 함유한 함황 다당류의 일종으로, 항균, 항바이러스 및 항종양 효과와 함께 다양한 경로로 면역력을 향상시키는 생리 기능성물질로 알려져 있다. 최근 연구에 따르면, 인체 백신 분야에서는 fucoidan의 백신 adjuvant(항원보조제)로서의 가능성이 제시되었다. 수산업 분야에서는, 보조사료로서의 fucoidan의 기능에 관한 연구는 보고되고 있으나, 수산용 백신 개발을 위한 adjuvant 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 동물세포에서 fucoidan의 adjuvant에 대한 긍정적인 검토와 함께 안전성을 증명한 연구는 많이 있지만, fucoidan을 어류 백신용 adjuvant로 사용하기 위해서는 어류에서도 이를 확인할 필요가 있다. 또한 fucoidan의 분자량에 따라 세포 내 흡수율이 각기 다르다는 점과 병원체의 인위감염에 따른 항체 생성을 포함한 어류의 특이면역 반응 시스템에 대한 연구가 많이 부족하다는 제약이 있다. 따라서 이러한 분야에 대한 적극적인 연구가 뒷받침 된다면 안전하고 효과적인 adjuvant로 사용할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 fucoidan이 사람과 동물을 포함하여 어류의 면역자극 즉 체액성 및 세포성 면역에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구를 검토하고, 수산업 분야에서 fucoidan의 사용과 어류 백신용 adjuvant로서의 가능성을 고찰하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2369-2378
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• 2012

Objectives: To assess knowledge of HPV and attitudes towards HPV vaccination among the general female population, government officials, and healthcare providers in China to assist the development of an effective national HPV vaccination program. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiologic survey was conducted across 21 urban and rural sites in China using a short questionnaire. 763 government officials, 760 healthcare providers, and 11,681 women aged 15-59 years were included in the final analysis. Data were analyzed using standard descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: Knowledge of HPV among the general female population was low; only 24% had heard of HPV. Less than 20% of healthcare providers recognized sexually na$\ddot{i}$ve women as the most appropriate population for HPV vaccination. There was high acceptance of the HPV vaccine for all categories of respondents. Only 6% of women were willing to pay more than US $300 for the vaccine. Conclusions: Aggressive education is necessary to increase knowledge of HPV and its vaccine. Further proof of vaccine safety and efficacy and government subsidies combined with increased awareness could facilitate development and implementation of HPV vaccination in China.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2005

최근 악성코드에 의한 피해는 상업용 백신의 지속적인 개발에도 불구하고 급격히 증가되고 있다. 일반적으로 백신은 이미 알려진 악성코드는 효과적으로 탐색이 가능하지만 아무런 정보가 없는 악성코드를 탐색하기는 어려우며, 또한 최근의 악성코드들은 백신의 갱신속도보다 훨씬 빨리 새로운 변종들을 만들어내고 있기 때문에 백신의 대응이 늦게 되는 경향이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 악성코드들을 효과적으로 탐색할 수 있는 탐색도구의 설계 및 개발에 관하여 기술한다 본 연구의 도구는 악성코드의 기능을 분석하여 특정한 시그너처를 추출함으로서 기존의 악성코드들 뿐 아니라 새로운 악성코드와 그 변종들에 대해서도 능동적으로 대처할 수 있다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.337-341
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• 1999

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive strand RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family and the major cause of post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis. Vaccine development for HCV is essential but has been slowed by poor understanding of the type of immunity that naturally terminates HCV infection. The DNA-based immunization technique offers the potential advantage of including cellular immune responses against conserved internal proteins of a virus, as well as the generation of antibodies to viral surface proteins. Here, we demonstrate that cell lines expressing the HCV core and/or NS3 proteins can induce a specific CTL response in mice, and these results suggest a possibility that the HCV core and NS3 DNA can be used to induce CTL activity against the antigen in mice and can be further developed as a therapeutic and preventive DNA vaccine.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.767-771
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• 2005

Expression in yeast may prove more amenable to generating large amounts of viral antigens for a vaccine candidate. We, therefore, cloned the gene encoding the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) structural proteins (C-El-E2, c740) fused in-frame with, and immediately 3' to, the chicken-lysozyme signal peptide (C-SIG) gene and under the control of the yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene promoter. In yeast, the HCV structural proteins were expressed in two different forms: a processed and a nonprocessed aggregated form. Biophysical characterization by sucrose linear gradient centrifugation revealed that both forms were present in the same fractions with a buoyant density of 1.127-1.176 g/$cm^3$. These findings suggest that the efficient synthesis of HCV structural proteins in yeast may be an important tool to study virus assembly and may lead to the development of an HCV vaccine.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1229-1239
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• 2005

Human immunodeficiency virus-like particles (HIVVLPs) with native conformations similar to that of the wild-type virion could be valid candidates for vaccine development. To this end, we used a Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) expression system to produce HIV- VLPs containing high quantities of native envelope proteins. Here, we described a single SFV replicon containing the HIV gagpol and env genes under the control of separate subgenomic promoters. Mature VLPs incorporating the Gag and Env proteins were detected in the supernatant of replicon-expressing cells by Western blot analysis. The HIV-VLPs showed the expected molecular density (1.14-1.18 g/ml) on a $20-60\%$ sucrose gradient; the particles were 100-120 nm in diameter and Env proteins were observed on their surfaces by immunogold electron microscopy. RT-PCR analysis of VLP-associated RNAs in mature HIV-VLPs revealed two SF V-derived RNA species (full-length and subgenomic). Immunization studies in Balb/c mice showed that these HIV-VLPs were capable of inducing both HIV-specific antibodies and cell-mediated immune responses. Taken together, our results indicate that the SFV replicon system is useful for the production of HIV-VLPs, which may be valuable candidates for an HIV vaccine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.1044-1051
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• 2016

The present study compared the differential functions of two groups of adjuvants, Montanide incomplete Seppic adjuvant (ISA) series and Quil A, cholesterol, dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide, and Carbopol (QCDC) formulations, in chicken by analyzing published microarray data associated with each type of vaccine adjuvants. In the biological function analysis for differentially expressed genes altered by two different adjuvant groups, ISA series and QCDC formulations showed differential effects when chickens were immunized with a recombinant immunogenic protein of Eimeria. Among the biological functions, six categories were modified in both adjuvant types. However, with respect to "Response to stimulus", no biological process was modified by the two adjuvant groups at the same time. The QCDC adjuvants showed effects on the biological processes (BPs) including the innate immune response and the immune response to the external stimulus such as toxin and bacterium, while the ISA adjuvants modified the BPs to regulate cell movement and the response to stress. In pathway analysis, ISA adjuvants altered the genes involved in the functions related with cell junctions and the elimination of exogenous and endogenous macromolecules. The analysis in the present study could contribute to the development of precise adjuvants based on molecular signatures related with their immunological functions.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2007

The identification and characterization of antigens that elicit human T cell responses is an important step toward understanding of Leishmania major infection and ultimately in the development of a vaccine. Micropreparative SDS-PAGE followed by electro transfer to a PVDF membrane and elution of proteins from the PVDF, was used to separate 2 novel proteins from L. major promastigotes, which can induce antibodies of the IgG2a isotype in mice and also are recognized by antisera of recovered human cutaneous leishmaniasis subjects. Fractionation of the crude extract of L. major revealed that all detectable proteins of interest were present within the soluble Leishmania antigens (SLA). Quantitation of these proteins showed that their expression in promastigotes is relatively very low. Considering the molecular weight, immunoreactivity, chromatographic and electrophoretic behavior in reducing and non-reducing conditions, these proteins are probably 2 isoforms of a single protein. A digest of these proteins was resolved on Tricine-SDS-PAGE and immunoreactive fragments were identified by human sera. Two immunoreactive fragments (36.4 and 34.8 kDa) were only generated by endoproteinase Glu-C treatment. These immunoreactive fragments or their parent molecules may be ideal candidates for incorporation in a cocktail vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.788-797
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• 2018

In many countries, vaccines are used for the prevention of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). However, because there is no protection against FMD immediately after vaccination, research and development on antiviral agents is being conducted to induce protection until immunological competence is produced. This study tested whether well-known chemicals used as RNA virus treatment agents had inhibitory effects on FMD viruses (FMDVs) and demonstrated that ribavirin showed antiviral effects against FMDV in vitro/in vivo. In addition, it was observed that combining the administration of the antiviral agents orally and complementary therapy with vaccines synergistically enhanced antiviral activity and preserved the survival rate and body weight in the experimental animals. Antiviral agents mixed with an adjuvant were inoculated intramuscularly along with the vaccines, thereby inhibiting virus replication after injection and verifying that it was possible to induce early protection against viral infection prior to immunity being achieved through the vaccine. Finally, pigs treated with antiviral agents and vaccines showed no clinical signs and had low virus excretion. Based on these results, it is expected that this combined approach could be a therapeutic and preventive treatment for early protection against FMD.