• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.245-248
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• 2017

At the time of visiting, the cat was 6-year-old female Siamese cat. The mammary mass was solid and firm and measured $2{\times}5cm^2$ in greatest diameter. The uterus revealed thick uterine horn and cross sectioned wall. Histopathologically, the mammary mass revealed feline mammary carcinoma. In the uterus, cystic endometrial hyperplasia was observed. Feline leukemia virus positive reaction was detected by polymerase chain reaction. As far as we know, this is the first report of the simultaneous feline mammary carcinoma and uterine endometrial cystic hyperplasia with Feline leukemia virus infection in a cat.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.429-440
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• 1996

In order to know morphological changes on the female genital organs by Ivermectin(IVM) administration, the histopathological observation was carried out in the organs of rat and mouse treated with the overdose of IVM. In the microscopical findings of the uterus, there were many mitotic figures, epithelial hyperplasia and papillary foldings in the endometrial surface. The increased prevalance of uterine glands, uterine epithelia and glands hyperplasia were markedly presented on diverse patterns adenoma-like structure and single nodular or multiple polyp-like adenoma. In ovary, primary and mature follicles were decreased in number, and hypoplasia of ovarian follicles, atretic follicles, follicular cysts and ovarian atropy were observed. It was considered that IVM administration resulted in follicular hypoplasia and atropy of ovary, and hyperplasia of uterine gland and endometrial surface epithelium might be transformed to neoplasia of glandular structures.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.819-827
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• 1995

An attempt to reproduce pyometra by means of experimental uterine infection was conducted with the 10 mongrel hitches of the anestrus, proestrus, metestrus, and postpartum uterine involution stages. Organism used was hemoltic E. coli. origially isolated from uterine pus of a bitch that had the canine pyometra. One ml of broth culture containing $2{\times}10^6$ CFU was inoculated into the uterine horn with the uterine cervix ligated. Aか bitches were ovariohysterectomized at the 7th or 14th day after inoculation and the uterus was provided for macroscopic and microscopic observations. An experimental production of pyometra was successful in 7(70%) of 10 mongrel bitches, and the incidence of pyometra was seen 100% in the stage of anestrus, 100% in the stage of metestrus, 50.0% in the stage of pyomestrus, and 33.359 in the stage of uterine involution. Histologically, these uteri were characterized by the presence of cystic. endomeetrial hyperplasia(CEH) and acute endometritis superimposed on the cystic hyperplasia. And the pyometra with CEH could be seen 66.7% in metestrus 50% in anestrus, 33.3% in involution and in 0% in proestrus stage. Blood progesterone concentrations were showed as a normal range of the each stage of sexual cycle and any relationships between the progesterone concentrations and the incidence of pyometra were not observed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3737-3740
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• 2014

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the most important symptom of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial curettage (EC) is the gold standard diagnostic procedure. We present the results of patients who underwent EC for AUB and the efficacy of progestin administration in those with endometrial hyperplasia. Materials and Methods: A total of 415 female patients who presented to Duzce Public Hospital in 2011-2012 for AUB and who underwent EC were included. We determined the reasons for AUB, and females with hyperplasia were treated with 10 mg/day medroxyprogesterone acetate for 14 days/month or 160 mg/day megestrol acetate continuously for 3 months. We evaluated the efficacy of progestins for periods of three and/or six cycles by repeating EC. A statistical analysis of specific endometrial causes according to age of presentation was conducted using the chi-square test. Results: Among the 415 females (average age, 53.5 years) followed for 6 months, 186 had physiological changes (44.8%), 89 had simple hyperplasia (21.44%), 1 had atypical hyperplasia (0.2%), 6 had (1.44%) complex hyperplasia, 3 had (0.72%) atypical complex hyperplasia, and 5 had adenocarcinoma (1.2%). Regression rates were 72.7-100%, and the optimum results were observed after 6 months of hormonal therapy. Conclusions: The main cause of AUB was physiological change. Progestin therapy resulted in significant regression even in females with atypical hyperplasia.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.215-224
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• 2005

Purpose : Endometrial hyperplasia(EH) is an abnormal proliferation of the glandular component of the endometrium. And also EH is relateted to endometrial carcinoma clinically. Hysterectomy is the common treatment for EH patients in western medicine, but this treatment is the invasive treatment for women. The purpose of this study is to report the effect of oriental treatment for an abnormal uterine bleeding owing to endometrial hyperplasia. Methods : This study is about metrorrhagia owing to EH for three years. This report is performed to observe medication of Guichulpajing-tang(歸朮破?湯) diagnosed as blood stasis in oriental medicine view. Results : The uterine bleeding of the EH was reduced gradually during first menstual cycle and was not repeated. The uterine bleeding disappered from the next menstual cycle. Furthermore, the BBT has been stable during 2 menstual cycles and endometrial thickness has been thined remarkably by pelvic sonogram. Conclusion : This case showed successful oriental herbal medication for EH and further study will be investigated in oriental medicine for treatment of EH completely.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1689-1692
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• 2014

Background: An easy, reproducible and simple marker is needed to estimate phase of endometrial pathologic lesions such as hyperplasia and endometrial cancer and distinguish from pathologically normal results. We here aimed to clarify associations among neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), endometrial hyperplasia and cancer in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Materials and Methods: Patients (n=161) who were admitted with abnormal uterine bleeding and the presence of endometrial cells on cervical cytology or thick endometrium were investigated. The study constituted of three groups according to pathologic diagnosis. Group 1 included endometrial precancerous lesions like hyperplasia (n=63), group 2 included endometrial cancerous lesions (n=38) and group 3 was a pathologically normal group (n=60). Blood samples were obtained just before the curettage procedure and the NLR was defined as the absolute neutrophil count divided by the absolute lymphocyte count; similarly, PLR was defined as the absolute platelet count divided by the absolute lymphocyte count. Results: The white blood cell count was significantly higher in patients with cancer than in those with hyperplasia (p=0.005). The platelet count and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio were significantly higher in patients with cancer than in control patients, but there was significantly no difference between patients with hyperplasia and other groups (p=0.001 and p=0.025 respectively). PLR was significantly lower in control subjects than in other groups (p<0.001), but there was no significant difference between patients with hyperplasia and those with cancer. Conclusions: PLR was significantly lower in control subjects than in other groups. Thus both hyperplasia and cancer may be differentiated from pathologically normal patients by using PLR. White blood cell count was significantly higher in patients with cancer than in those with hyperplasia and pathologically normal patients. Therefore white blood cell count may be used for discriminate hyperplasia to cancer. By using multiple inflammation parameters, discrimination may be possible among endometrial cancer, endometrial precancerous lesions and pathologically normal patients.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.149-152
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• 1997

A 13-years and 8-months old Jindo dog showed vomiting and pale red vulvular discharge. At necropsy, the uterus was swollen and endometrium was diffusely thickened by numerous protruding cysts which measured approximately from 0.5 to 1 cm in diameter. On sectioning the cysts exuded pale red watery fluid. histologically the endometrium was thickened and characterized by mild to moderate edema congestion and hemorrhagic foci. The cystic endometrial glands were lined by a single layer of flattened cuboidal or vacuolated columnar epithelium. Occasional dilated glands had traversed through the submucosa into the myometrial region. Afew mixed inflammatory cells infiltrated in the lamina propria. Bacteriologically Escherichia coli was isolated from the uterine contents. Gross and microscopic finding were consistent with cystic endometrial hyperplasia.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.174-177
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• 2014

Adenomyosis is a common gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma deep within the myometrium associated with myometrial hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Focal uterine infarction after IVF-ET in a patient with adenomyosis following biochemical pregnancy has not been previously reported, although it occurs after uterine artery embolization in order to control symptoms caused by fibroids or adenomyosis. We report a case of a nulliparous woman who had uterine adenomyosis presenting with fever, pelvic pain and biochemical abortion after undergoing an IVF-ET procedure and the detection of a slightly elevated serum hCG. Focal uterine infarction was suspected after a pelvic magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated preserved myometrium between the endometrial cavity and inner margin of the necrotic myometrium. This case demonstrates that focal uterine infarction should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding and infectious signs in women experiencing biochemical abortion after an IVF-ET procedure.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.29-40
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• 2013

Objectives: To investigate therapeutic mechanisms of Gyejibokryeong-hwan (GJBRH) against gynaecological diseases, articles on biological assay were gathered and analyzed. Methods: The articles were classified as being from domestic or international journals, and by their year of publication. The mechanisms of the biological effects against gynaecological diseases were noted. Results: Of the 14 articles analyzed, 13 were published in China and 1 was from Japan. GJBRH showed therapeutic effect against uterine and mammary gland diseases. Uterine-related diseases such as endometriosis, hysteromyoma, adenomyosis, cancer, and inflammation can be improved by the administration of GJBRH through anti-angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, the modulation of immune cell and immunoglobulin, and the regulation of hormone secretion. GJBRH also reduced mammary hyperplasia by regulating hormone and cytokine release. Conclusions: We speculate that the inhibitory effect against uterine and mammary gland diseases could be related to the therapeutic efficacy of GJBRH in improving gynaecological diseases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.4971-4975
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• 2015

Background: Several methods have been presented for the evaluation of the endometrium in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding, which include minimal invasive and invasive approaches such as diagnostic curettage or endometrial biopsy by Pipelle. Many studies have been performed in order to compare two methods; diagnostic curettage and outpatient endometrial biopsy. This investigation compared sampling adequacy, endometrial histopathology, failure rates, duration and costs between diagnostic curettage in a hospital and endometrial biopsy. Materials and Methods: This single blind clinical trial was performed on 130 patients older than 35 years who was referred to Amir training hospital in 2013 for elective diagnostic curettage because of abnormal uterine bleeding. For all patients eligible for the study, an endometrial sample by Pipelle was taken without anesthesia or dilatation. Then under general anesthesia diagnostic curettage was performed by sharp curette. Sampling duration was calculated and both samples were sent to the same pathologist. The diagnostic values of two methods in the diagnosis of normal endometrium, endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma were compared. The costs of these two methods were also compared. Data analysis was performed by SPSS (version 16.0) software. Chi-Square, Fisher, and Pearson tests were used and were considered statistically significant at P values less than 0.05. Results: Two methods were agreed upon 88% of sampling adequacy and 94% of pathological results. Specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 90% for detection of proliferative endometrium, secretory endometrium, simple hyperplasia without atypia and 100% for cancer were recorded. Pipelle diagnostic accuracy in comparison with curettage, have been reported over 97%, so the failure rate in this study was below 5%. Sensitivity of Pipelle for detection of atrophic endometrium was reported below 50%. Duration and cost was lower in Pipelle versus curettage. Conclusions: It is concluded that due to high agreement and cohesion coefficient between curettage and Pipelle on the issue of sampling adequacy, histopathology finding (except atrophic endometrium), low failure rate, duration of sampling and cost, Pipelle can be introduced as a suitable alternative of diagnostic curettage.