• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2004

Aquaporins(AQPs)유전자는 다양한 조직의 상피세포와 내피세포에 존재하며 다량의 물 이동을 조절하는 막성 단백질로서, 세포간 또는 세포막 사이의 물 이동에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 발정기의 생쥐 자궁에서는 자궁내막세포의 증식과 함께 수화되는 특징을 보이며, 자궁내강으로 물이 이동되어 자궁내액의 점성이 낮아지는 현상이 나타난다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 생쥐의 발정주기 동안 자궁에서의 형태학적인 변화와 관련하여 AQP유전자가 물 이동의 매개체로서 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 추측하여, 생쥐 발정주기 동안에 AQP유전자의 발현 양상을 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응을 통하여 관찰하였다. 또한, laser capture microdissection(LCf을 이용하여 자궁내 세포의 종류에 따른 AQP유전자의 발현 양상을 조사하였다. AQP-4 전령체는 발정주기의 proestrus와 estrus 시기에 발현량이 유의하게 증가하는 반면, AQP-8 전령체는 동일한 시기에 유의하게 감소하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한, LCM 기법을 통해서 AQP-4와 -8 전령체가 자궁기질세포보다 자궁내막세포에서 강하게 발현이 유도됨을 관찰하였다. 결과적으로, 생쥐 자궁에서 AQP-4와 -8유전자가 발정주기에 따라 발현량이 변화하는 것으로 보아 난소내 호르몬인 estrogen과 progesterone에 의해 조절될 가능성이 있으며, proestrus와 estrus 시기에 자궁내강으로 자궁내액을 수송하는데 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the benefit of Traditional Korean Medicine as an adjuvant therapy in management of mid-trimester oligohydramnios. Methods: It is a case report of a 31 year-old woman hospitalized for oligohydramnios at $24^{+4/7}$weeks of gestation. This patient diagnosed with special oligohydramnios had no abnormal findings such as fetal urinary abnormalities or other anomalies. Also, symptom of PPROM (preterm premature rupture of membrane) was not confirmed. The decoction, Gami-danggui-san (DG) was prescribed for the purpose of reducing unnecessary contraction of uterine muscle during pregnancy and promoting blood circulation and metabolism, thereby improving placental function and contributing to the increase of the fluid. DG decoction was administered twice a day until 19th of June, which was 10 days in total. During the treatment, level of amniotic fluid had been monitored by measuring AFI (amnioti fluid index). Results: After these conventional therapies, the amount of amniotic fluid increased steadily, and eventually reached the optimal level. AFI was found to be 3.2 on the $24^{+4/7}$ weeks, 8 on the $26^{+1/7}$ weeks, 11.5 on the $27^{+0/7}$ weeks of gestation. In the same periods, EFW (expected fetal weight) was also found to be increasing gradually: 545 g, 630, and 760 g. Conclusions: Our report implies the potential of herbal medicine as a effective therapy for oligohydramnios tratment. Further studies are needed to assess the efficacy of TKM herbal medicine and reveal the mechanisms of the decoction.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.619-621
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• 2009

개에서 백혈병성 반응은 흔하지는 않다. 이 것은 백혈구가 많이 증가하여 백혈병성 반응을 보이는 증례이다. 10년령의 암컷 말티즈로 화농성의 혈액섞인 질 분피물이 있었다. 전체혈구계산에서 백혈병성 반응($976\times10^9$ cells/l)을 나타내고 비 재생성 빈혈이 있었다. 혈액도말검사에서 증가된 백혈구는 호중구와 단핵구만 나타났다. 방사선 및 초음파검사에서 자궁은 확장되고 복합적인 액체가 차있는 것이 확인되었다. 자궁절제술 이후에 E. coli가 자궁내 액체로부터 분리되었다. 저자의 조사에 의하면 국소감염의 예에서 이와 같이 극도의 백혈병성 변화를 보이는 것은 처음이다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the potential embryo-fetal toxicity and toxicokinetics of the antimalarial agent artesunate (ARTS) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Pregnant rats were administered ARTS daily from gestational day 6~15 via oral gavage, at test doses of 0, 2, 4, or 8 mg/kg (22 females per group). The fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal abnormalities on gestational day 20. With regard to the dams, there were no deaths, treatment-related clinical signs, changes in body weight, or food intake in any of the treatment groups. There were no treatment-related gross findings at necropsy in any treatment group. In the 8 mg/kg group, there was a decrease in gravid uterine weight and in the weight of female fetuses. There was also an increase in fetal deaths (primarily late resorptions) and an increase in post-implantation losses (37%) at 8 mg/kg. An increase in the incidence of visceral and skeletal variations at 4 and 8 mg/kg was observed. These defects included minor changes in the appearance of the kidney and thymus, as well as absent ribs or thoracic vertebrae. Toxicokinetics were assessed in a parallel study, using 4 mated females per group. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, the concentration of ARTS and its metabolite dihydroartemisinin (DHA) were quantified in plasma from rats on gestational days 5, 6, 10, and 15. Amniotic fluid was assayed for ARTS and DHA on gestational day 15. There was evidence of rapid conversion of ARTS to the metabolite DHA in maternal plasma, since ARTS could not be consistently detected in plasma at the three doses tested. ARTS and DHA were not detected in amniotic fluid at gestational day 15, indicating limited placental transfer of the two agents. The embryo-fetal no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the test item was considered to be 8 mg/kg/day for dams, and 2 mg/kg/day for embryo-fetal development.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.175-190
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• 2007

Purpose: Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs or pockets within or on the surface of an ovary. Most cysts present little or no discomfort and are noncancerous and harmless. So non-surgical treatments with herbal medicine or acupuncture and moxa therapy are important and suitable in this pathology. But there are few RCT articles about ovarian cyst in Korean Medicine(KM) clinical and research field. Methods: To review treatment method and other research tendency about ovarian cyst in journals related with KM and Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) through web-searching. Searching was done through web site #http://omis.ksucc.ac.kr# and pub-med(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez) with key words #ovarian cyst#, #TCM#, #herb#, #CAM#, and #acupuncture#. Results: Seven articles were searched in journals related with KM, then six of them were simple case report and the other one was about diagnosis for ovarian cyst and another gynecologic disease such as uterine myoma and infertility through the iris diagnosis. And two articles were searched in journals related with TCM, then one of them was simple case report but the other is RCT article. Conclusion: KM and TCM therapies have some beneficial effect to resolve cyst, but objective power as a evidence is weak in the viewpoint of EBM. So continuous clinical trials such as RCT and multi center trials are needed.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2007

This study was conducted to examine the viability of Korean native striped cattle (Bos namadicus Falconer, Chikso) clone embryos after embryo transfer. Chikso somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos were produced by fusion of ear skin cells derived from a female Chikso with enucleated oocytes matured in vitro for 18-24 hr. After in vitro culture of SCNT embryos for 7 to 8 days, fresh or vitrified blastocysts derived from SCNT were transferred into a uterine horn of recipient cows. Fifteen of total 43 recipients were pregnant at Day 50 and 4 recipients were maintained to term. Three IVF-derived calves and 1 clone Chikso calf were born. Pregnancy rate was higher when fresh embryos were transferred to recipients compared to vitrified embryos, but development to term was not different between both groups. The clone Chikso calf died at 5 days after birth due to the fullness of amniotic fluid in rumen and the infection of umbilical cord. The result of the present study shows that clone Chikso calf can produced from the embryo transfer of SCNT embryos, however, solution of abortion problem is necessary to improve the cloning efficiency.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.180-185
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• 2020

Objective: Tyrosine phosphorylation is an essential process in many biological systems, including the male reproductive system. The presence of tyrosine-phosphorylated (TyrPho) proteins has been well documented in male reproductive organs, but research in fertile females is still limited. Methods: The ovary, oviduct, and uterus of adult female Sprague-Dawley rats in the estrus phase were used to localize TyrPho proteins using an immunohistochemical technique. These proteins were separated and their expression patterns were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis, respectively. Results: TyrPho proteins were localized in the cytoplasm of the oocyte except the antral fluid; in the granulosa cells, theca cells, and stromal cells of the ovary; at the apical surface of oviductal epithelial cells; and in the basal epithelium and submucosa of the uterine wall. Moreover, we found that 72-, 43-, and 28-kDa TyrPho proteins were localized in the ovary, while 170-, 55-, and 43-kDa proteins were localized in the oviduct. In the uterus, we detected four major bands, corresponding to 61-, 55-, 54-, and 43-kDa TyrPho proteins. Conclusion: Given that these TyrPho proteins were found in major reproductive organs in the estrus phase, these proteins may play important roles in female fertility.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.99-113
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• 2023

This paper is a study to find the philological basis of Bihoon (鼻熏) therapy. There is no separate philological study of Bihoon therapy to date, and for this reason, there is no clear definition or specific treatment manual. In this study, a related database was created and analyzed by examining literature data related to Bihoon therapy, focusing on Korean traditional medical books. There were about 1,000 data points related to Bihoon therapy in 45 kinds of medical books. They were largely classified into 1. Acute diseases such as insensitivity, 2. Diseases that occur in the upper human body such as nose, head, eyes, and throat, 3. Women's diseases related to childbirth, 4. Treatment of skin diseases and prevention of infectious diseases. In the case of insensitivity treatment, the focus was on awakening the patient's mind, and the treatment of diseases such as the nose, head, eyes, etc. was focused on resolving each symptom. Symptoms related to childbirth were mainly treated for uterine escapism or fainting after childbirth, while skin diseases were mainly treated for diseases that did not heal well, such as amniotic fluid. If a multifaceted approach to non-discipline therapy is added in the future, it is expected that clinical utilization will also be increased.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.61-68
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• 1980

발정주기에 EK라서 생쥐자궁의 alkaline phosphatase와 transport ATPases의 활성변화를 알아보기 위하여 정량적으로 분석하였다. 발정주기의 각 시기에 있어서 이 효소활성들의 비율은 대체로 그 양상이 서로 비슷하나, 발정기의 $K^+$-dependent와 $Na^+, K^+$-activated ATPases를 제외한 다른 효소들의 활성은 다른 어떤 시기보다도 유의하게 (p<0.025) 높았다. 즉, $K^+$-dependent와 $Na^+, K^+$-activated ATPases의 활성은 발정간기에서 발정기에 이르는 동안 무시할 정도이고, 다만 발정후기에 약간의 활성(0.04$\\sim$0.05 $\\mu$M/mg protein/hr), 총활성의 6$\\sim$7%)이 나타났다. 한편, 발정기에서 $Mg^++$-dependent phosphatase, transport ATPase와 alkaline phosphatase의 활성들은 급속히 현저하게 증가하였으며 각각 0.69(35%), 0.42(21%), 1.58(79%)였다. Alkaline phosphatase는 전 발정주기를 통해 0.60$\\sim$1.58(79$\\sim$90%)의 활성을 보여 그 주종을 이루었다. Alkaline phosphatase의 활성중에는 $Mg^++$-dependent의 것이 총활성의 12$\\sim$16%로 추정되었다. 그러므로 $K^+$-dependent와 $Na^+$-activated ATPases는 발정기 때에 자궁액의 누적을 조절하는 요인이 아니고 발정후기에는 자궁상피 속으로 내액을 재흡수하는 요인인 것으로 짐작되며, EH한 $Mg^++$-dependent phosphatase, transport ATPase 그리고 alkaline phosphatase는 생쥐의 자궁 상피세포에서부터 내액을 분지하는 데에 밀접히 관련되어 있는 것으로 사려된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.161-170
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• 1998

Protein expression patterns of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were examined in mouse reproductive organs during estrous cycle. Estrous cycle was classified into diestrus, proestrus, estrus or metestus and MMP expression was analyzed by zymography using gelatin as a substrate. Uterine fluid (UF) obtained both at diestrus and proestrus exhibited 4 major MMPs including 106kDa, 64kDa, 62kDa and 59kDa gelatinases. However, in UF at estrus, the gelatinolytic activity of 64kDa MMP disappeared and that of 106kDa and 62kDa MMPs dramatically decreased. At metestrus, 64kDa MMP activity reappeared and 106kDa and 62kDa MMP exhibited increased activities such that the band intensity of 106kDa was comparable to that in UF at diestrus. Gelatinolytic activity of 59kDa MMP was not changed throughout the cycle. Both ovarian and oviductal tissue homogenate revealed 4 MMPs which corresponded to the 4 MMPs of UF. However, unlike UF MMPs, gelatinolytic activity of these MMPs did not show distinct changes throughout the cycle. Either an inhibitor of MMP, 1,10-phenanthroline, or a metal chelator, EDTA, abolished the appearance of the above MMP activities in gelatinated gel whereas a serine proteinase inhibitor, phcnylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, failed to inhibit the appearance of MMP activities, proving that gelatinolytic activity of the above reproductive tissues were due to the enzymatic activity of MMP. When gclatinolytic activity of mouse serum was examined, it revealed 5 MMPs (131kDa, 106kDa, 89kDa, 64kDa and 62kDa bands) and one gelatinase (84kDa) band. From these results, it is concluded that the protein expression of MMPs of mouse reproductive organs, particularly uterus, is temporally regulated during estrous cycle and uterine 106kDa, 64kDa and 62kDa MMPs are suggested to play an important role in cyclic tissue remodeling of mouse uterus.