• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.343-355
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• 2022

Customized cosmetics are continuously mentioned as cosmetics in response to changes in the social environment and trends that emphasize individuality. Therefore, in this study, four types of nanoemulsion ampoules corresponding to skin types were prepared by different ratios of nanoemulsion formulation and ampoule formulation, and the applicability as a customized cosmetic base was checked. Particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and viscosity according to time for 90 d were measured for four nanoemulsion ampoules with different volatile residues, and turbiscan was measured as a method for evaluating the stability of a colloidal dispersion system. Finally, human usability satisfaction was evaluated. As a result, it was confirmed that four kinds of nanoemulsion ampoules had a higher amount of volatile residue in the dry skin test product than in the oily skin test product. The pH was in the range of 6.41 to 6.88, and the particle size was in the range of 170 to 174 nm, and the change after 90 d was within 1.2% of the maximum, and there was no specificity in particle size stability. It was confirmed that the polydispersity index was almost constant, and showed a particle size distribution close to monodispersity by showing a change within a value smaller than 0.21 in all test products. The zeta potential was initially -63 mV or more for all four types of test products, and although it showed a slight decrease with time, there was little change to the extent of a maximum decrease of 2.5%. Viscosity was initially in the range of 4,100 to 5,100 cps and showed a decreasing trend with time, showing a maximum decrease of 37.7%. In the turbiscan measurement, the turbiscan stability index, a measure of stability, was all below 1.0, indicating dispersion stability. In the usability satisfaction evaluation (6 points) of 4 nanoemulsion ampoules corresponding to skin type, oily skin product (5.42 ± 0.67 points) > neutral oily skin product (5.36 ± 0.67 points) > neutral dry skin product (5.15 ± 0.69 point) > dry skin product (4.75 ± 0.75 points) in the order of evaluation. Four types of nanoemulsion ampoules are physically stable and have confirmed their applicability as a customized cosmetic base according to skin type, and are expected to expand in various ways.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.185-200
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• 2022

The innovative development of museum cultural products is an important way for museums to play the function of cultural communication with their collections. In the context of consumer upgrading, traditional cultural product design and sales methods gradually fail to meet the diverse needs of consumers. This study aims to propose the construction of a customized interactive experience platform for museum cultural products, promote the development of museum cultural products, and facilitate the inheritance and preservation of museum culture. The research methodology analyzes the model and characteristics of existing cultural product customization platforms by collating existing literature studies, and distributes 159 questionnaires to investigate the needs of cultural product consumers, and finally combines the customization experience with existing e-tailing platform systems according to user needs, proposes a theoretical framework and conducts design practice and usability testing using the Shenyang Palace Museum as an example. The findings show that users have a high acceptance of the customized platform for cultural products and that the design of the customized platform can be used to promote the dissemination of the cultural connotations of museums, optimize the personalized user experience of cultural products, and provide new ideas for the development, design, and retailing of museum cultural products. Based on the above findings, this paper suggests that museums' cultural product development can utilize the design model of customized platforms to further enhance consumers' personalized service experience.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.59-74
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• 2015

When product or service provides unexpectedness the user would be satisfied, and lately some mobile applications and web services provide those unexpectedness. However, unexpectedness itself can make negative effects such as decrease of the ease of use, still studies about mobile application are focused on satisfaction from the usability. Therefore, we would study experimentally user experience changes caused by unexpectedness using serendipity in mobile application UX, and observe how those changes to affect to user satisfaction. In other words, we observed the relationship between factors such as the unexpectedness caused by interactions of mobile application, the serendipity provided game, perceived newness, perceived ease of use, perceived usability, and satisfaction. As a result, the serendipity has positive effect to the perceived newness and negative effect to the perceived ease of use, and perceived newness and perceived ease of use affect to perceived usability positively, and all three factors are have positive effects to the use satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.227-236
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• 2017

This study attempted to develop and investigate the effects of hair-nourishing cosmetics containing saponin astragaloside from Astragalus membranaceus Bunge on eyebrow growth and development for eventual product development. For this, current use of hair nutrients was investigated in general consumers through a questionnaire survey. A test was conducted for 6 weeks against the same subjects divided into two groups: experimental group with 0.5% saponin astragaloside on the right eyebrow and control group without any astragaloside on the left eyebrow. The results were as follows. In the control group, no significant changes were found in terms of eyebrow length and thickness. In the experimental group with 0.5% saponin astragaloside added, eyebrow length, root, and thickness of the middle area considerably increased. In other words, saponin astragaloside was confirmed an effective natural substance. In addition, subjective assessments such as usability, marketability, and satisfaction assessments supported the usability and market value of saponin astragaloside. Such results reveal that hair-nourishing cosmetics containing saponin astragaloside from Astragalus membranaceus Bunge would be helpful in improving and maintaining eyebrow growth for those concerned about loss and shortening of their eyebrows, showing the potential of product development.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.39-54
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• 2013

Recent explosive increase of electronic commerce provides many advantageous purchase opportunities to customers. In this situation, customers who do not have enough knowledge about their purchases, may accept product recommendations. Product recommender systems automatically reflect user's preference and provide recommendation list to the users. Thus, product recommender system in online shopping store has been known as one of the most popular tools for one-to-one marketing. However, recommender systems which do not properly reflect user's preference cause user's disappointment and waste of time. In this study, we propose a novel recommender system which uses data mining and multi-model ensemble techniques to enhance the recommendation performance through reflecting the precise user's preference. The research data is collected from the real-world online shopping store, which deals products from famous art galleries and museums in Korea. The data initially contain 5759 transaction data, but finally remain 3167 transaction data after deletion of null data. In this study, we transform the categorical variables into dummy variables and exclude outlier data. The proposed model consists of two steps. The first step predicts customers who have high likelihood to purchase products in the online shopping store. In this step, we first use logistic regression, decision trees, and artificial neural networks to predict customers who have high likelihood to purchase products in each product group. We perform above data mining techniques using SAS E-Miner software. In this study, we partition datasets into two sets as modeling and validation sets for the logistic regression and decision trees. We also partition datasets into three sets as training, test, and validation sets for the artificial neural network model. The validation dataset is equal for the all experiments. Then we composite the results of each predictor using the multi-model ensemble techniques such as bagging and bumping. Bagging is the abbreviation of "Bootstrap Aggregation" and it composite outputs from several machine learning techniques for raising the performance and stability of prediction or classification. This technique is special form of the averaging method. Bumping is the abbreviation of "Bootstrap Umbrella of Model Parameter," and it only considers the model which has the lowest error value. The results show that bumping outperforms bagging and the other predictors except for "Poster" product group. For the "Poster" product group, artificial neural network model performs better than the other models. In the second step, we use the market basket analysis to extract association rules for co-purchased products. We can extract thirty one association rules according to values of Lift, Support, and Confidence measure. We set the minimum transaction frequency to support associations as 5%, maximum number of items in an association as 4, and minimum confidence for rule generation as 10%. This study also excludes the extracted association rules below 1 of lift value. We finally get fifteen association rules by excluding duplicate rules. Among the fifteen association rules, eleven rules contain association between products in "Office Supplies" product group, one rules include the association between "Office Supplies" and "Fashion" product groups, and other three rules contain association between "Office Supplies" and "Home Decoration" product groups. Finally, the proposed product recommender systems provides list of recommendations to the proper customers. We test the usability of the proposed system by using prototype and real-world transaction and profile data. For this end, we construct the prototype system by using the ASP, Java Script and Microsoft Access. In addition, we survey about user satisfaction for the recommended product list from the proposed system and the randomly selected product lists. The participants for the survey are 173 persons who use MSN Messenger, Daum Caf$\acute{e}$, and P2P services. We evaluate the user satisfaction using five-scale Likert measure. This study also performs "Paired Sample T-test" for the results of the survey. The results show that the proposed model outperforms the random selection model with 1% statistical significance level. It means that the users satisfied the recommended product list significantly. The results also show that the proposed system may be useful in real-world online shopping store.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 2007

Contrast medium is a useful drug for radiological examinations and usability of it gradually increases while it has some inevitable adverse reaction and it is difficult to predict the occurrence and the degree of adverse reactions. Although the patient consented permission for the use of contrast media, the hospital could not be exempted from the responsibility for the adverse contrast media reaction. During radiological contrast media examination, the radiologist and the contrast media producer have the duty of precaution, prediction and avoid adverse results. In addition, they have reliabi lity of patient remedy for neglecting the duty. Since contrast medium are manufactured or processed as movable properties, the manufacturers are bound to the product liability if damages occur due to the defects in pharmaceuticals. In consideration of the characteristics of product liability, it is necessary to demand high degree of duty of care and diligence from producer or to reduce patient's burden of proof in a product liability lawsuit. For securing compensation ability and liability implementation, products compensation liability insurance is required for contrast medium manufacturers. In conclusion, contrast medium producer has legal liability for adverse reactions and the contract concluded with producer and hospital including legal liability will reduce liability of hospital and radiologist, patient.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.313-321
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop products that prevent muscular skeletal disease of farm workers, which would bring improvement for an efficient harvesting work. Background: A pretest for product development and a survey research was carried out to inspect the problems of current harvesting work procedure. The product was developed and assessed based on ideas to supplement and improve these weak points. Method: A total of twenty men were recruited to evaluate the effects of harvest baskets on the upper-limb muscle activity, working hours. For the usability evaluation, electromyogram and working hours of previous working method (disuse of harvest basket, one-hand carriage of the basket) and new working method with the usage of newly-developed harvest basket was examined. The whole anterior deltoid, biceps brachii and erector spinae on both sides, which make a total of six muscle parts, were used for this experiment. The results were analyzed using ANOVA with muscle activity (%MVC) of each three forms of work and required work time from SPSS 18.0. Results: According to the test result, all muscles did not demonstrate any statistically significant difference, with an exception of the backbone erector (right). The muscle activity of backbone erector (right) in the work method that uses the harvest basket developed in this study was detected to be approximately 23% less than that of the previous working method. Moreover, compared to the previous working method, the required work time decreased to a statistically significant degree. Conclusion: As such, the decrease in the amount of waist muscle usage at harvesting work would enable the prevention of muscular skeletal disease and stabilization of lumbar spine. Application: Which in turn would increase the effectiveness and reduce personnel expense (labor costs) while enhancing productivity with a decreased working hours.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.303-306
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• 2018

Methyl 4-formylbenzoate (MFB), a by-product of the DMT production process, which has been disposed, was used as a starting material for the synthesis of six new fluorescent whitening agent's candidates with 4,4'-di((E)-styryl)-1,1'-biphenyl skeleton attached with an aromatic ester, the same as that of the commercial product family. All candidates were synthesized by the reaction of MFB, and its derivatives with tetraethyl biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis(methylene)diphosphonate using Wittig-Horner reaction. UV spectra for all candidates were recorded and the data were used for calculating the molar absorptivity in order to confirm the usability as a fluorescent whitening agent. All of them showed overall molar extinction coefficients (log ${\varepsilon}$ 4.59~5.00) similar to those of conventional commercial products (log ${\varepsilon}$ 4.85). In particular, compounds 16 and 17 having a dimethoxyphenyl group exhibited a molar extinction coefficient superior to those of conventional commercial products, and thus a field testing for commercialization will be conducted.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 2019

This study was designed to prepare measures for future development and growth of local cosmetics industry by examining awareness, purchasing behaviors and satisfaction of beauty professionals with regard to Korean brand mask packs that have recently created a big trend in the beauty market. According to the results of survey, 80.6 percent of the respondents said that the most important factor in buying a mask pack was 'effect,' and as for the needed improvement of mask packs, 33.7 percent responded 'effect,' indicating that consumers still find the function of a product is unreliable. In addition, the respondents said that 'K-beauty effect' was the reason why mask packs were highly popular abroad, especially in China, and items that can promote beauty market were also said to be 'K-beauty advertising and promotion,' so it is believed that a good impression of K-culture rather than its own efficacy or reliability is leading to the present results. Therefore, K-beauty industry is expected to grow further in the global market if domestic and abroad consumers' confidence on the product is gained through the development of superior products that have improved effect and usability.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.389-395
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• 2021

This study aims to evaluate the user experience of leading handmade product market service applications, Etsy and idus. A survey about the apps was developed based on Peter Morville's user experience factors. The survey was conducted with eleven users from their 20s to 50s. In addition, problems were discovered through an in-depth interview and the resulting user experience problems were analyzed according to the five levels of Jesse James Garrett's user experience element framework. Our primary results for both apps suggest applying a universally accepted visual interface to improve the user experience, providing brief text to improve readability, avoiding repetitive delivery of similar functions in different information structures, and applying design patterns that are considerate of customers' culture and country. This study provides meaningful data to elevate handmade product platforms into global platforms by analyzing and providing improvements to their shopping experiences.