• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.245-258
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• 2021

Objectives: In many previous studies, endocrine disruptors (EDCs) have been found to affect delays in puberty. Various EDCs have been reported on, but there have been only limited epidemiologic studies on the effects of exposure to environmental heavy metals and pyrethroid pesticides on puberty delay. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association of exposure to environmental mercury, cadmium, and pyrethroid pesticides with delayed puberty in children based on national survey data that represents Korean children. Methods: We selected 450 children at the ages of 9-11 years old from the third Korean National Environmental Health Survey (3rd KoNEHS). The relations of urinary Hg, Cd, and 3-PBA with pubertal development were evaluated using multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: Urinary Hg levels were significantly associated with delayed puberty in boys [testicle development: OR=0.41 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.84); genitalia development: OR=0.35 (95% CI: 0.15, 0.81)]. Girls with higher Hg levels were more likely to experience delayed menarche [OR=0.23 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.90)]. We observed a significant 49% reduction in odds for menarche per increasing unit of urinary cadmium levels [OR=0.51 (95% CI: 0.24, 1.01)]. In addition, urinary 3-PBA showed a negative association with genitalia development in boys and menarche in girls [genitalia development: OR=0.73 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.96); menarche: OR=0.56 (95% CI: 0.32, 1.00)]. Conclusions: The results of this study support the hypothesis that exposure to environmental mercury, cadmium and pyrethroid pesticides may affect puberty delays. Additional evidence needs to be obtained through further prospective studies.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2006

The plasmacytoid variant is an extremely rare form of urothelial carcinoma in which the malignant cells resemble those of plasmacytoma. We report the cytologic features of 3 cases of this disorder. All 3 patients were male and presented with painless macroscopic hematuria. The voided urine cytology revealed a few scattered clusters of tumor cells in a bloody background. Each tumor cell had an abundant amount of cytoplasm that was clear or densely stained and characterized by eccentrically located nuclei. A histological examination of tissue obtained from a radical cystectomy confirmed the cytologic diagnosis in each 3 case, revealing a diffusely infiltrating tumor composed of round, noncohesive tumor cells demonstrating a high nuclear grade. These cells had infiltrated the tunica propria in 2 cases, but were limited to the submucosa in 1 case. The tumor cells were plasmacytoid in appearance, each demonstrating an eccentric nucleus and dense cytoplasm, as seen in the cytologic findings. All of the tumors were immunoreactive for pancytokeratin, CK7, CK20; negative for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), leukocyte common antigen (LCA), kappa, lambda, and CD79a. Thus, it is important to consider the plasmacytoid variant of urothelial carcinoma in addition to plasmacytoma or lymphoma as a diagnosis when encountering plasmacytoid tumor cells in a voided urine sample.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.973-980
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• 1998

To investigate the effect of sea tangle on immune function in normal and diabetic states, 10-week old ICR mice were feed control(C) and sea tangle(5) diets containing 5%(w/w) cellulose and 13.6%(w/w) dry sea tangle for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, three quarters of mice(CD and SD) were made diabetic by intramuscular injection of streptozotocin(150mg/kg bw). On the 4th day after diabetes was apparent by urinary glucose, one third of diabetic mire(CDG and SDG) were treated with glipizide(20mg/kg bw) and the other third(CDM and SDM) with metformin (500mg/kg bw) orally. Spleen weights of diabetic mice with no hypoglycemic drug treatment appeared to be higher in the sea tangle group(SD) than in control(CD), but were not different when drugs were administered. Data on splenocyte proliferation stimulated by lipopolysaccaride from Salmonella abortus equi(0.l$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) showed that sea tangle increased mitogen response in normal mice(C group vs S group) and appeared to have the same effect in diabetic mice with or without drug treatment. Splenocyte proliferation induced by concanavalin A(0.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) also showed similar results, although there were not statistically significant. Concentration of interleukin-2(IL-2) released from splenocytes of the S group seemed higher than from the C group, but the IL-2 concentrations were not different among six diabetic groups. Results of fatty acid compositions of splenocyte phospholipids showed that diabetes reduced arachidonic acid/linoleic acid ratios and that sea tangle intake and glipizide treatments increased contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids. It is concluded that dietary sea tangle has a positive effect on splenocyte proliferation under normal condition and could have the same effect under diabetic conditions. IL-2 appears to be one of factors mediating the effect but involvement of membrane fatty arid changes and other unknown factors needs lurker Investigation. (Korean J Nutrition 31(6) : 973-980, 1998)

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.987-994
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• 2004

미역 첨가식이가 당뇨쥐의 당질과 지질대사 및 항산화효소계에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 SD계 흰쥐에 식이 무게량의 20% 미역 분말을 급여하여 7주간 실험 사육한 후 혈청의 포도당 및 지질농도와 주요 장기의 항산화효소의 활성도를 관찰하였다. 미역 당뇨군에서 미역의 섭취는 당뇨에 의한 체중감소 현상을 보였다. 당뇨군의 혈당 농도는 미역 섭취에 의한 혈당강하 효과는 2주 째에 나타났으나 7주 째는 보이지 않았다. 혈청지질중 총 콜레스테롤과 LDL-콜레스테롤은 변화가 없었으나 중성지방은 미역 당뇨군에서 감소하는 경향이고 HDL-콜레스테롤은 증가하는 경향으로 나타났다. 일반적으로 당뇨시 증가하는 신장의 G6Pase 활성도는 MD군에서 미역의 섭취에 의해 유의적(p<0.05)으로 감소했다. 대조군에서 증가된 간장의 GST 활성도는 미역 섭취에 의해 유의적(p<0.05)으로 감소했다. 간장의 GPX 활성도의 경우, 미역 섭취에 의해 증가하는 경향이었다. 간장의 GR 활성도는 미역 당뇨쥐에서 미역 섭취에 의해 감소하는 경향이나 신장에서는 상반되는 경향으로 나타났다. 간장의 TB-ARS는 미역 당뇨군에서 증가하는 경향이었다. 따라서 7주간의 미역첨가 섭취로 당뇨쥐의 고혈당이 강하되는 것은 2주에 나타났고 7주에는 관찰하지 못하였으나, 당뇨에 의한 산화적 스트레스로 인해 증가한 간장의 항산화 효소 활성도(GST)가 미역 섭취로 인해 저하됨으로써 미역의 섭취가 당뇨시 항산화적 반응을 제공할 수 있음을 유추할 수 있었다. 또한 중성지방이 감소하고 HDL-콜레스테롤의 증가하는 경향으로 심혈관계와 관련되는 당뇨합병증의 억제 가능성을 제시하였다.n)에서 Fe과 Mn 간의 길항작용으로 현저히 낮아졌다. 본 시험재배 조건별 Fe-함량의 변화는 white clover가 orchardgrass보다 상대적으로 더 큰 차이를 보였다. Mn-함량은 초종 간 큰 차이를 보였고 두 목초 공히 Mn을 함유한 조합시비로 크게 증가하였지만 이들 조합시비 간에는 차이가 경미하였다. 3. Mo-함량은 모든 경우 $T_6$ 6및 $T_7$ 에서 다소 높은 수준 이였다. $T_7$ 은 $T_6$ 에 비해서 Mo-함량이 다소 낮아졌다. Mo-과다피해는 B/Mo 비율의 조화 또는 B-시비를 통해서 경감되거나 방지할 수 있는 것으로 보였다. 모든 경우 white clover가 orchardgrass보다 B-함량이 높았고 $T_7$ 에서 B-함량이 크게 증가하였다. 혼파보다 단파재배에서 더 높았다. 처리구보다 더 높았으며 반면에 white clover는 가장 낮았다. 큰 요인을 형성하는 1차적 환경이 가정이라는 점에서 2000 가족과 함께 하는 창의성 경진대회는 창의성 축제의 한마당이었다고 감히 결론짓고자 한다.계시비 수준은 3회 예취구에서 558.9 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, 4회 예취구에서 531.4 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, 5회 예취구에서 546.3 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ 이었으며, 이 때 얻어지는 최대 건물수량은 각각 18.4 ton, 12.7 ton, 10.6 ton $ha^{-1}$

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2005

The human solute carrier, SLC41Al, is a $Mg^{2}+$ transporter that is regulated by extracellular magnesium. Although intracellular magnesium plays a fundamental role in cellular metabolism, little is known about how $Mg^{2}+$ is taken up and controlled by cells. Magnesium plays a fundamental role in cellular metabolism so that its control within the body is critical. Magnesium homeostasis is principally a balance between intestinal absorption of dietary magnesium and renal excretion of urinary magnesium. The kidney, mainly the distal convoluted tubule, controls magnesium reabsorption. Although renal reabsorption is under the influence of many hormones, selective regulation of magnesium transport is due to intrinsic control involving transcriptional processes and synthesis of transport proteins. Using microarray analysis, identification of the genetic elements involved with this transcriptional control has been begun. SLC41A1(GenBank Accession No. AJ514402), comprises 10 putative transmembrane domains, two of which are highly homologous to the integral membrane part of the prokaryote transports $Mg^{2}+$ and other divalent cations $Sr^2+,\;Zn^2+,\;Cu^2+,\;Fe^2+,\;Co^2+,\;Ba^2+,\;and\;Cd^2+,\;but\;not\;Ca^2+,\;Mn^2+,\;and\;Ni^2+.$ Transport of $Mg^{2}+$ by SLC41Al is rheogenic, voltage dependent, and not coupled to Na or Cl. Expressed SLC41Al transports a range of other divalent cations: $Mg^{2+},\;Sr^{2+},\;Zn^{2+},\;Cu^{2+},\;Fe^{2+},\;Co^{2+},\;Ba^{2+},\;and\;Cd^{2+}$. The divalent cations $Ca^{2+},\;Mn^{2+},\;and\;Ni^{2+}$and the trivalent ion $Gd^{3+}$ did not induce currents nor did they inhibit $Mg^{2+}$ transport. The nonselective cation $La^{3+}$ abolishes $Mg^{2+}$ uptake. Computer analysis of the SLC41Al protein structure reveals that it belongs to MgtE protein family & suggested that the human solute carrier, SLC41Al, might be a eukaryotic $Mg^{2+}$ transporter closely related $(60-70\%)$ protein encoded by SLC41A2 is a $Mg^{2}+$ transporter that might be involved in magnesium homeostasis in epithelial cells also transports a range of other divalent cations: $Ba^2,\;Ni^2,\;CO^2,\;Fe^2,\;or\;Mn^2,\;but\;not\;Ca^2,\;Zn^2,\;or\;Cu^{2+}$ that may have related functional properties.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

Immunoglobulin (Ig)A vasculitis nephritis (IgAVN), also referred to as Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis, is a relatively benign disease in children. However, two 24-year European cohort studies have reported high sustained rates of hypertension, severe proteinuria, and renal dysfunction in patients with IgAVN. Notably, the incidence and exacerbation rates of proteinuria, hypertension, and renal dysfunction during pregnancy were high even in women who recovered from IgAVN before pregnancy. Patients with IgAVN need lifelong care. Trials have been performed to investigate early biomarkers and genes associated with poor prognosis to identify high-risk patients in whom IgAVN may progress to severe renal disease. Urinary IgA/cr, IgM/cr levels, and HLAB35 and angiotensinogen gene expression were shown to be predictors of progression of IgAVN to severe renal dysfunction. The 2019 Single Hub and Access point for paediatric Rheumatology in Europe (SHARE) initiative group published guidelines for pediatric IgAVN, following the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines established in 2012. Compared with the KDIGO guidelines, the SHARE guidelines recommend earlier corticosteroid administration in cases of mild proteinuria (>0.5 g/d). Clinical trials of targeted budesonide delivery to the distal ileum, monoclonal antibody targeting C5, eculizumab and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody administration, among others are currently underway in patients with IgA nephropathy. It is expected that newer therapeutic agents would become available for IgAVN in the near future. This review summarizes IgAVN with emphasis on recently published literature, including possible preventive strategies, predictive biomarkers for progression of IgAVN, and various treatments.

• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 1998

A total of 5 animals including 3 raccoons, 1 badger, and 1 fennec fox kept in outdoor exhibits at the Everland Zoological Gardens showed depression, anorexia, dyspnea, serous oculonasal discharge, diarrhea, and convulsions. All the affected animals died within 10 days after the onset of clinical signs. This outbreak lasted about 4 months. On necropsy, major gross lesions were confined to the lungs. Red to grey sublobular to lobular consolidations with various sized tan to reddish spots were observed in the lungs. Histopathologically, the pulmonary lesions were characterized by acute to subacute bronchointerstitial pneumonia with secondary bacterial or adenoviral infections. Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies compatible with canine distemper virus (CDV) were found in the lung, urinary bladder, kidney, intrahepatic bile duct, stomach, small and large intestines. Multifocal areas of severe demyelination and accumulation of gitter cells or nonsuppurative inflammation were seen in the brains of 2 raccoons. CDV -specific antigens were demonstrated in the lung sections on immunofluorescent assay. The present report describes an outbreak of CDV infection in a zoo and indicates the range of susceptible zoo animal species.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.952-959
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• 1998

To investigate the effect of sea tangle on macrophage activity in normal and diabetic states, 10week old ICR mice were fed control(C) and sea tangle(S) diet containing 5%(w/w) cellulose and 13.6%(w/w) dry sea tangle for four weeks, after which two thirds of mice(CD and SD) were made diabetic by intramuscular injection of streptozotocin(150mg/kg bw). At 4th day after diabetes was apparent by urinary glucose, one half of diabetic mice(CDM and SDM) were treated with metformin(500mg/kg bw) orally. Peritoneal macrophages obtained from 3%-thioglycollate treated mice were cultured in the presence of lipopolysaccaride from Salmonella abortus equi(10$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) for 24 hrs and tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$(TNF$\alpha$), interleukin-1$\beta$(1L-1$\beta$)and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) were measured in culture media. Release of IL-1$\beta$and PGE2 from macrophage were increased in normal mice by sea tangle diet and had the same tedency in diabetic mice with or without metformin treatment although not statistically significant. Release of TNF$\alpha$ tended to be reduced by diabetes but were not changed significantly by sea tangle diet. Fatty acid compositions of macrophage and liver phospholipids showed that diabetes reduced arachidonic acid/linoleic acid ratio and sea tangle diet appeared to increase contentsof polyunsaturated fatty acids.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.241-256
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• 2023

Although chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) is a promising immunotherapy in hematological malignancies, there remain many obstacles to CART cell therapy for solid tumors. Identifying appropriate tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) is especially critical for success. Using a bioinformatics approach, we identified common potential TAAs for CAR-T cell immunotherapy in solid tumors. We used the GEO database as a training dataset to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and verified candidates using the TCGA database, obtaining seven common DEGs (HM13, SDC1, MST1R, HMMR, MIF, CD24, and PDIA4). Then, we used MERAV to analyze the expression of six genes in normal tissues to determine the ideal target genes. Finally, we analyzed tumor microenvironment factors. The results of major microenvironment factor analyses showed that MDSCs, CXCL1, CXCL12, CXCL5, CCL2, CCL5, TGF- β, CTLA-4, and IFN-γ were significantly overexpressed in breast cancer. The expression of MST1R was positively correlated with TGF- β, CTLA-4, and IFN-γ. In lung adenocarcinoma, MDSCs, Tregs, CXCL12, CXCL5, CCL2, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and IFN-γ were significantly overexpressed in tumor tissues. The expression of MST1R was positively correlated with TGF- β, CTLA-4, and IFN-γ. In bladder cancer, CXCL12, CCL2, and CXCL5 were significantly overexpressed in tumor tissues. MST1R expression was positively correlated with TGF- β. Our results demonstrate that MST1R has the potential as a new target antigen for treating breast cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, and bladder cancer and may be used as a progression indicator for bladder cancer.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.22.1-22.15
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• 2023

Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is one of the most aggressive cancer type of the urinary system. Metastatic KIRC patients have poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Ankyrin 3 (ANK3) is a scaffold protein that plays important roles in maintaining physiological function of the kidney and its alteration is implicated in many cancers. In this study, we investigated differential expression of ANK3 in KIRC using GEPIA2, UALCAN, and HPA databases. Survival analysis was performed by GEPIA2, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and OS-kirc databases. Genetic alterations of ANK3 in KIRC were assessed using cBioPortal database. Interaction network and functional enrichment analyses of ANK3-correlated genes in KIRC were performed using GeneMANIA and Shiny GO, respectively. Finally, the TIMER2.0 database was used to assess correlation between ANK3 expression and immune infiltration in KIRC. We found that ANK3 expression was significantly decreased in KIRC compared to normal tissues. The KIRC patients with low ANK3 expression had poorer survival outcomes than those with high ANK3 expression. ANK3 mutations were found in 2.4% of KIRC patients and were frequently co-mutated with several genes with a prognostic significance. ANK3-correlated genes were significantly enriched in various biological processes, mainly involved in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, in which positive correlations of ANK3 with PPARA and PPARG expressions were confirmed. Expression of ANK3 in KIRC was significantly correlated with infiltration level of B cell, CD8+ T cell, macrophage, and neutrophil. These findings suggested that ANK3 could serve as a prognostic biomarker and promising therapeutic target for KIRC.