• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.671-680
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• 1999

In order to investigate the relationship between plasma renin activity and metabolism of Ca and Na in blood pressure, the habitual dietary intakes of Na and Ca urinary excretion of Ca, Na and K, and plasma level of renin activity, aldosterone, and indices of Ca metabolism were measured in 27 untreated hypertensive women and 30 age-matched normal women on a free diet. Hypertensive subjects were classified into high renin hypertensive (HH), medium renin hypertensive(HM) and low renin showed no significant difference among normotensive, LH, MH and HM groups. It appeared that 25-(OH) Vit D3 level of HH group was significantly higher than LH group(p<0.05). There was significant difference in habitual intake of Ca between normotensive and LH groups. However, habitual intake of Na showed no significant difference among normotensive, LH, MH and HH group. Positive correlation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with PTH(r=0.324, r=0.375) and urinary Ca(r=0.496, r=0.278) and a negative correlation of systolic blood pressure with habitual Ca intake(r=-0.371) existed(p<0.05). A relative magnitude of factors affecting hypertension was analyzed by multiple regression analysis. Overall results about relative influence of independent variables to dependent variable (systolic blood pressure) indicated that urinary Ca was the higher correlation in all subjects(p<0.0001), followed by age and aldosterone. PTH showed a significant correlation for relative influence on diastolic blood pressure in all subjects. The above results indicated that renin-aldosterone system and Ca regulating hormone had a mutual relationship in hypertension.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.669-678
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• 1997

This study was designed to estimate the sodium intake of preschool children . To determine the sodium intake & excretion of preschool children in Korea, dietary behaviors, anthropometry, intakes of dietary nutrients, urinary sodium excretion and preference for salty foods were measured in 42 preschool children (male 26 , female 16, average6.5 years old) and their mothers. The results are summarized as follows. Mean daily urinary sodium excretion was 52.7 mEq(1,212.1mg). This value did not show remarkable change compared with the other studied that were accomplished in the similarage group for about the last ten years. And the subjects showed lower preference for salty taste than those of elementary school children and adults. Mean daily lower preference for salty taste than those of elementary school children and adults. Mean daily urinary sodium excretion were significantly correlated with the frequency of eating out (p<0.01), potassium intake(p<0.001) and urinary sodium to potassium excretion ratio(p<0.001). But there weren't any correlations with mean daily sodium intake, blood pressure, dietary nutrients intake and the preference for salty taste.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1985

Each parching Anemarrhenae Rhizoma with 25% ethanol and normal saline has been used for anti-inflammatory, expectorant, antipyretic, sedative and diuretic, and so on. In order to investigate the differences of referential efficacy about each fractionated part of the aqueous extracts, pharmacological studies were carried out. The results of studies were summerized as follows : 1. By the administration of 25% ethanol treated preparation (F-I-1), the increase in urinary volume and $Na^+$ extraction was significantly recognized. 2. The excretion of electrolyte $Na^+$ by saline solution treated preparation (F-II-1) was significantly recognised in normal rats. 3. The increase of urinary volume and urinary $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ excretion by F-I-1 and n-butanol insoluble parts of F-I-1 (F-I-3) was significantly recognized in $HgCl_2-induced$ acute renal failure of rats. 4. The increase of plasma $Na^+$ by F-I-1 and urea nitrogen by F-I-1 and F-I-3 in acute renal failure of rats was significantly recognized. 5. The increase of urinary volume by F-I-1 and F-I-3 was recognised in mice.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.869-880
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• 1998

In order to investigate of the effects of rapid rotating shift work on physiological stress, the activities of urinary Na$^{+}$, $K^{+}$, Cl$^{[-10]}$ were measured in 14 rotational shift nurses, during day shifts(8AM-4PM, n=4), evening shifts(4PM-l2MN, n=5), and night shifts(12MN-8AM, n=5) in hospital twenty students attending nursing college a used as a control group. Urine specimens were collected in 30 minutes before and after work on the second day of shift work. In day shift nurses, Na$^{+}$ activity was 137mM at 8AM and increased to 206mM at 4PM, whereas $K^{+}$ activity was 42mM at 8AM and no significant change at 4PM. Cl$^{[-10]}$ activity was changed from 234mM to 344mM at 4PM at 8AM. In the evening shift, Na$^{+}$ activity was 117mM at 4PM and 140mM at 12MN, $K^{+}$ activity was 22mM and 32mM, respectively. Cl$^{[-10]}$ activity was 169mM and changed to 270mM. During the night shift, Na$^{+}$ activity was 128mM at 12MN and changed to 161mM at 8AM, $K^{+}$ activity was 42mM at 12MN and 8AM, and Cl$^{[-10]}$ activity was from 303mM and changed to 355mM. In general, the urinary ion activities seemed to increase after work, however there were no significant changes in ion activities except the Na$^{+}$ increase in day shift. The mean of the activities of $K^{+}$ and Cl$^{[-10]}$ before and after work during the day and night shift were significantly higher than those in control group (P＜0.05). $K^{+}$ activities were also higher than that of evening shift(P＜0.05). However, there was no difference in Na$^{+}$ activity among the control group and three shifts. There was a significant relationship among urinary Na$^{+}$, Cl$^{[-10]}$ and $K^{+}$ in the control group and rotating shift nurses except between Na$^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ in shift. The relationship between Na$^{+}$ and Cl$^{[-10]}$ was low in shift work and there was no significant relationship between Na$^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ in shift, suggesting that the active regulation $K^{+}$ and/or Na$^{+}$ in response to stress upon the shift work disruped the ratio of urinary Na$^{+}$ to $K^{+}$ and also lowered the relationship between $K^{+}$ and Cl$^{[-10]}$ . These results suggest that nurses working the day shift were overloaded and under stress, and the night shift interfered with the physiological rhythm of the nurses.red with the physiological rhythm of the nurses.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.165-175
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• 1982

Changes in handling of $Li^+$ by contralateral kidney during acute $Li^+$ loading were investigated immediately after unilateral ureteral obstruction. Carotid artery, jugular vein, renal vein and ureter of experimental animal were catheterized and renal venous flow was shunted to .external jugular vein. In experimental group right ureter was ligated. One to two hours after operation a single shot of LiCl solution (2 mEq/kg) was intravenously injected and then .arterial, renal venous blood and urine samples were taken sequentially for 1 to $1{\frac{1}{2}}$ hours. Urine volume, plasma and urinary concentrations of $Li^+$, $Na^+$ and $K^+$ were measured and urinary excretion of them were calculated. Results obtained were as follows: 1) In experimental group urine volume, urinary excretion of $Na^+$, and $K^+$ by contralateral kidney after unilateral ureteral obstruction were slightly larger than mean value of both kidney in control group. 2) During acute $Li^+$ loading contralateral kidney in experimental group showed limited $K^+$ excretion, but urinary flow and $Na^+$ excretion were comparable to mean value of both kidney in control group. 3) Urinary osmolar concentration in experimental group was much lower than that in control group, and it was maintained at low level even after Li loading. 4) In experimental group plasma$Li^+$ concentration decreased more slowly than in control group after a single shot of LiCl solution. 5) Urinary excretion of $Li^+$ in experimental group was markedly decreased, even lesseer than mean of both kidney in control group. 6) From the above results it was concluded that immediately after unilateral ureteral obstruction contralateral kidney showed normal water and $Na^+$ diuretic response to Li load but urinay $Li^+$ excretion was decreased and reclaimed $Li^+$ to systemic circulation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1118-1128
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• 1993

This study was undertaken to investigate the acute effect of caffeine consumption on the change of mineral concentration in serum and urinary mineral excretion in healthy young females. On two separate mornings at one week intervals, each subject drank a coffee which contained no caffeine and 3mg/kg body weight caffeine. To obviate dietary effects on mineral concentration in serum and urine, each subject fasted at least ten hours before consuming the test beverage. At one, two, three and four hours, serum and urine production collected seperately for measurement of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentration. The results were as following : 1) Mean age of subjects was 20.6$\pm$0.32, Mean body mass index of subjects was 21.64$\pm$0.89, which was within $\pm$10% of ideal body weight. 2) Total urine volume of caffein groups for 4 hour after caffeine consumption was higher than that of decaffeine one, but urine pH was unchanged after caffeine consumption. Total urinary four hour excretion of creatinine was not affected by caffeine consumption and creatinine clearance also was not different from the control value. 3) In serum, mean three hour content of sodium(p<0.01) and phosphorus was higher in the subject given the caffeine. Mean serum magnesium and calcium contents were lower in caffeine group than that of decaffeine one. Mean serum magnesium content for three hour after caffeine ingestion was affected by caffeine consumption(p<0.001). Mean serum content of potassium was unaffected by caffeine consumption. 4) Total urinary four hour excretion of sodium, increased significantly after caffeine consumption(p<0.05), while total urinary four hour excretion of potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium was unchanged after caffeine intake. Urinary excretion of Na, Ca, P and Mg was greatest at one hour after caffeine consumption, especially urinary sodium and potassium excretion was significantly high(p<0.05, p<0.01). The above results show that only 3mg caffeine per kg body weight increase the urinary macro mineral excretion in healthy young females.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 1973

$Na^{+}$ balance was studied in Rana temporaria, which hibenates in fresh water in the winter time. $Na^{+}$ uptake rate, skin $Na^{+}$ loss rate, urinary $Na^{+}$ loss rate and $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ adenosine triphosphatase(ATPase) were measured at two different temperatures $1{\sim}2^{\circ}C\;and\;20{\sim}24^{\circ}C$ respectively. The results obtained were as follows: 1. $Na^{+}$ uptake rates in the frog in an artificial Pond water (APW) were found to be $8.28{\pm}0.73\;and\;2.19{\pm}0.37\;{\mu}Eq/g/day\;at\;20{\sim}24^{\circ}C\;and\;1.0{\sim}2.5^{\circ}$ respectively. 2. $Na^{+}$ loss rate through the frog skin to APW were found to be $4.26{\pm}0.72\;and\;0.93{\pm}0.21\;{\mu}Eq/g/day$ at the same temperatures. 3. Mean rates of urinary $Na^{+}$ loss at $20{\sim}24^{\circ}C\;and\;3{\sim}4^{\circ}C$ were found to be $3.02{\pm}0.73\;and\;0.78{\pm}0.13\;{\mu}Eq/g/day$ respectively. 4. The activities of $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ activated ATPase of frog skin fragments were found to be $258{\pm}39.4\;and\;49.6{\pm}7.1\;{\mu}M\;Pi/g$ protein/hr at $24^{\circ}C\;and\;2^{\circ}C$ respectively. From the above results, it may be concluded that frogs can take up enough $Na^{+}$ through the skin from APW exceeding skin loss Plus urinary loss at $1{\sim}2^{\circ}C$. It is suggested that $Na^{+}$ transport across frog skin is closely related with $Na^+-K^+$ ATPase since $Q_{10}\;of\;Na^{+}$ uptake is much similar to that of the activities of $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ ATPase.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.99-102
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• 2000

Central diabetes insipidus(CDI) results from deficient vasopressin(antidiuretic hormone) secretion and causes polydipsia and polyuria. Its etiologic diagnosis is confirmed with an increase of urine osmolality by administering desmopressin(DDAVP) after water restriction. Because cm is caused by deficiency of vasopressin, up to now, desmopressin, a synthetic analog of vasopressin, has been the drug of choice in the treatment of CDI. However, under such treatment, CDI patients suffer from the continual administration of DDAVP throughout one's life and high cost of the treatment We administrated oriental herb medicine on a cm patient in a state of discontinuance of DDAVP. Prior to the study, brain sella MRI was scanned to exclude germinoma. In addition, urine analysis, serum and urinary osmolality, daily urinary volume, serum electrolyte levels were measured. Chungsimyunjatang was administered for 15 days, and urine analysis, urine osmolality, daily urinary volume, serum Na were measured several times again during the therapy, As a result, urinary frequency increased, serum Na slightly elevated, but specific gravity of urine, urinary osmolality severely decreased and daily urinary volume substantially increased. However, the frequency of DDAVP treatment was reduced from four times per day to once or twice a day with the continual administration of the Chungsimyunja-tang for two months after the discharge.

• 생약학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.206-214
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• 1986

These studies were conducted an attempt to investigate effects of 'Paeryungtang' and 'Kamipaeryungtang' water extracts on diuretic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory and analgesic actions. The results of these studies were summarized as follows; Increase in urinary volume, urinary $Na^+$ excretions were significantly recognized in normal rat. Increase in urinary volume, urinary $Na^+\;and\;Cl^-$ excretions were significantly shown in rat with 2mg/kg $HgCl_2$-induced acute renal failure. Antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of 'Paeryungtang' and 'Kamipaeryungtang' were recognized in mice, rats and rabbits.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.140-149
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• 1992

It was hypothesized that variations within the range of usual calcium(Ca) and sodium(Na) intakes of Korean influence bone mineral density(BMD) in healthy premenopausal women The relationship of nutrient intake urinary excretion physical activity and circulating IGF-1 level with spine({{{{ { L}_{2 } }}}}-{{{{ { L}_{4 } }}}}) and femur BMD was determined in 47 normal premenpausal women. There was a positive relationship between BMD of the lumbar spine and body weight. The BMD of femoral neck was positively correlated with Ca and protein intakes from animal source and circulating IGF-1 level. There was a negative relationship between femur BMD and both Na intake and urinary excretion. The complex interrelations between femur BMD regression analysis, From this analysis. Ca intake from animal origin was the only significnat Premenopausal women of femur BMD. In the basis of femur BMD three groups were divided Premenopausal women of femur BMD$\leq$0.84g/cm2 showed depressed Ca intake of animal origin in later and early life and enhanced urinary Na excretion compared to women of femur study suggests that dietary Ca is a major constituent affecting femur BMD because of a decrease in net Ca absorption and an increase in urinary Ca loss.