• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.253-265
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to obtain reference data of parameters for hematological health diagnosis in marine fish and also evaluate application of veterinary chemistry analyzer used to those blood tests. A blood profile of total 522 fish for black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), red seabream (Pagrus major), rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatu) and black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) cultured in mari-floating netcage of Gyeongnam province was determined by hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb) and blood chemistry tests (total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, lactate dehydrogenase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glucose). Ht was measured by microhematocrit method. Hb and plasma chemistry were analysed by establishing baseline ranges for a dry chemical system of FUJI DRI-CHEM 3000. Actually recorded values of Hb and plasma chemistry by the analyzer were notably outside from the minimum and/or maximum of the established reference value. Albumin and alanine aminotransferase were not detectable in the range of 68～66%. Lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, alkaline phosphatase and glucose were not detectable in the range of 42～21%. Total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride, hemoglobin and creatinine were not detectable in the range of 18～3%. However, the values of blood urea nitrogen were below the detectable limits of the analyzer.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 1973

Effects of nitrogen sources on chlorophyll, activity of some oxidases in soybean leaves were investigated in relation to phosphorus sensitivity. Ammonium and urea culture accelerated leaf senescence more in phosphorus sensitive cultivars. The leaf senescence patterns affected by nitrogen sources were clearly indicated by intact leaf absorbance. Absorption maximum (670nm in methanol extraction or 685nm in intact leaf), was not changed by nitrogen source in the same method. According to leaf senesence pattern general physiological sensitivity pattern was discussed. IAA-oxidase activity was higher in the phosphorus tolerant cultivars and nitrate treatment than in the sensitive cultivars and ammonium treatment. Glycolate oxidase activity was higher in the sensitive cultivars and nitrate treatment. Polyphenol oxidase activity was higher in the tolerant cultivars and urea treatment. It is concluded that the excess ammonium, to which excess phosphorus is highly similar in physiological effect, disturbs the photosynthetic system by inhibition of ATP generation (photo-and oxidative phosphorylation).

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.801-806
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• 2002

The decomposition and/or conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon have been studied using oxygen-deficient ferrites for the reduction of $CO_2$ emission to the atmosphere. In this work, the homogeneous precipitation method using urea decomposition was employed to induce in situ precipitation of Ni ferrite($Ni_{0.4}Fe_{2.6}O_4$) on the porous ceramic fiber support (50 mm diameter${\times}$10 mm thickness). Effects of ferrite loading conditions on the CO2 decomposition efficiency were discussed in this paper. Removal of residual chloride ions and urea by solvent exchange from the porous media after ferrite deposition apparently helps to form spinel ferrite, but does not increase the efficiency of $CO_2$ decomposition. Porous ceramic fiber composites containing 20 wt% (1g) ferrite samples showed 100% efficiency for $CO_2$decomposition during the first three minutes, but the efficiency decreased rapidly after the elapsed time of ten minutes. The characteristic reduction time for the $CO_2$ decomposition efficiency was estimated as about 3∼7 min.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 1977

The multiple 7S globulins composed of two fractions (A and B) in the electrophoresis with Davis' method were isolated at different stages of the soybean seed development. Electrophoresis of their subunits liberated in PAWU solvent [phenol-acetic acid-water (2 : 1 : 1) solution plus 5M urea] yielded 4 major bands. Observation of both the electrophoretic bands of the multiple 7S fractions(7S-A and 7S-B) and those of their subunits was suggestive of a similarity of the subunit pattern between two 7S fractions. The two fractions in multiple 7S globulins were isolated with DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column$(2.0{\sim}100cm)$ chromatography. They were separated into 2 fractions in a linear gradient concentration of 0.28 to 0.40M NaCl with phosphate buffer (pH 7.8) containing 10mM ${\beta}-mercaptoethanol$(ME). The isolated protein was dissociated into subunits with two different solvent systems; in PAWU solvent and in Tris-HCl buffer(pH 8.0) containing 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 40mM ME. The dissociated subunits were subjected to electrophoresis in PAWU-treated 7.5% acrylamide gel and in 1% SDS-treated 5.6% acrylamide gel. In PAWU gel electrophoresis, total 7S globulin was separated into 5 major bands, two of which were occupied in common by two 7S fractions(7S-A and 7S-B). In SDS gel electrophoresis, total 7S globulin was separated into 7 major bands, three of which were overlapped with the subunit of the two 7S fractions. The above results alluded us to the presence of a common and/or similar subunit between the multiple 7S globulins.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2004

Nano sized ZnO particle as 20-30nm applies for material, pigments, rubber additives, gas sensors, varistors, fluorescent substance as well as new material such as photo-catalyst, sensitizer, fluorescent material. ZnO with a particle size in the range 20-30nm has provided to be an excellent UV blocking material in the cosmetics industry, which can be used in sunscreen product to enhance the sun protection factor and natural makeup effect. But pure ZnO particles application limits for getting worse wearing feeling. We make high-functional inorganic-composite that coated with nano-ZnO on the plate-type particle such as sericite, boron nitride and bismuthoxychloride. In this experiment, we synthesized composite powder using hydrothermal precipitation method. The starting material was ZnCl$_2$ Precipitation materials were used hexamethylenetetramine(HMT) and urea. We make an experiment with changing as synthesis factors that are concentrations of starting material, precipitation materials, nuclear formation material, reaction time, and reaction temperature. We analyzed composite powder's shape, crystallization and UV-blocking ability with FE-SEM, XRD, FT-IR, TGA-DTA, In vitro SPF test. The user test was conducted by product's formulator. In the results of this study, nanometer sized ZnD was coated regardless of the type of plate-powder at fixed condition range. When the coated plate-powders were applied in pressed powder product, the glaze of powder itself decreased, but natural make-up effect, spreadability, and adhesionability were increased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.95-95
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• 2022

Maize is one of the world's three largest crops and has a long cultivation history, and is an important crop used for various purposes such as food, feed, and industrial raw materials. Recently, the agricultural environment is changing, in which the limit of cultivation of crops is shifted to the north due to the rise in temperature due to climate change. This study was conducted in experimental field of Suwon in 2022 by setting a seeding period earlier than the sowing time to establish the North Korean agricultural climatic zone and meteorological conditions. The test cultivars were silage cultivars, Kwangpyeongok and Dacheongok. As a priming test method, it was used to directly plant seeds in the field through immersion using 4mM zinc (Zn) and 2.5mM manganese (Mn), which are trace elements for seeds. The planting season was early on March 15th, April 1st, and April 15th. The number of days from sowing to silk stage of the two cultivars sown on March 15, April 1, and April 15 was 107, 93, and 85 days for Kwangpyeongok and 109, 95, and 87 days for Dacheongok, respectively. The seed priming test did not show any difference from the control group in the growth survey up to the middle stage of growth. In another test, low-temperature recovery was confirmed through nitrogen (2-5%) foliar fertilization after 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days in refrigeration (0 degrees), a selective low temperature treatment for com in the third leaf stage. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that the low-temperature damaged com treated at 0℃ showed the same growth as that of the untreated com through nitrogen foliar fertilization. These results suggest that urea foliar fertilization for low-temperature damage reduction of corn for silage in high-latitude climates will be helpful. In addition, through the results of the study, additional studies are needed on the recovery mechanism and field application through urea foliar fertilization.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.451-457
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• 2024

Objective : Exploring protein requirements for critically ill patients has become prominent. On the other hand, considering the significant impact of coma therapy and targeted temperature management (TTM) on the brain as well as systemic metabolisms, protein requirements may plausibly be changed by treatment application. However, there is currently no research on protein requirements following the application of these treatments. Therefore, the aim of this study is to elucidate changes in patients' protein requirements during the application of TTM and coma therapy. Methods : This study is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from March 2019 to May 2022. Among the patients admitted to the intensive care unit, those receiving coma therapy and TTM were included. The patient's treatment period was divided into two phases (phase 1, application and maintenance of coma therapy and TTM; phase 2, tapering and cessation of treatment). In assessing protein requirements, the urine urea nitrogen (UUN) method was employed to estimate the nitrogen balance, offering insight into protein utilization within the body. The patient's protein requirement for each phase was defined as the amount of protein required to achieve a nitrogen balance within ±5, based on the 24-hour collection of UUN. Changes in protein requirements between phases were analyzed. Results : Out of 195 patients, 107 patients with a total of 214 UUN values were included. The mean protein requirement for the entire treatment period was 1.84±0.62 g/kg/day, which is higher than the generally recommended protein supply of 1.2 g/kg/day. As the treatment was tapered, there was a statistically significant increase in the protein requirement from 1.49±0.42 to 2.18±0.60 in phase 2 (p<0.001). Conclusion : Our study revealed a total average protein requirement of 1.84±0.62 g during the treatment period, which falls within the upper range of the preexisting guidelines. Nevertheless, a notable deviation emerged when analyzing the treatment application period separately. Hence, it is recommended to incorporate considerations for the type and timing of treatment, extending beyond the current guideline, which solely accounts for the severity by disease.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2008

Purpose: A urea breath test (UBT) using C-14 or C-13 has been developed for identifying Helicobacter (H) pylori infection on the basis of urease production with release of labeled $CO_2$. We investigated if the C-14 and C-13 UBT have the difference to reflect the presence and degree of H. pylori infection detected by gastro-duodenoscopic biopsies (CBx) in the same patients. Materials and methods: Thirty eight patients (M:F = 28:10, age $53.4{\pm}13.0$ yrs) with upper gastrointestinal symptoms such as indigestion, gastric fullness or pain consecutively underwent C-14 UBT, GBx and C-13 UBT within one week before medications. For the C-14 UBT, a single breath sample was collected at 10 minutes after ingestion of C-14 urea (37 KBq) capsule and counting was done in a liquid scintillation counter for 1 minute, and the results were classified as positive (${\ge}$ 200 dpm), intermediate (50-199 dpm) or negative (50 dpm). For the C-13 UBT, the results were classified as positive (${\ge}2.5\%_{\circ}$) or negative ($<2.5\%_{\circ}$). The results of GBx with Giemsa stain were graded 0 (normal) to 4 (diffuse) according to the distribution of H. pylori by the Wyatt method. We compared C-14 UBT and C-13 UBT results with GBx grade as a gold standard. Results: The prevalence of H. pylori infection by GBx with Giemsa stain was 25/38 (65.8%). In the assessment of the presence of H. pylori infection, the C-14 UBT global performance yielded sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of 92.0%, 92.3%, 95.8%, 91.7% and 92.1%, respectively. However, the C-13 UBT had sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of 96.0%, 84.6%, 92.3%, 91.7% and 92.1%, respectively. The more significant correlation in C-14 than C-13 UBT (r=0.948 vs r=0.819, p <0.001) was found between the value of UBT and the grade of distribution of H. pylori infection. Conclusion: We conclude that the diagnostic performance between C-14 and C-13 UBT to detect H. pylori infection is not significantly different, but the value of C-14 UBT more significantly reflects the degree of bacterial distribution.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.350-354
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• 2013

In this study, porous titanium samples were manufactured by space holder methods using two kinds of urea and sodium chloride space holders. Three-dimensional pore structures were obtained by a computed-tomography (CT) technique and utilized for finite element analysis in order to investigate the mechanical properties. The CT-based finite element analyses were in better agreement with the experimental results than unit cell model-based analyses. Both the experimental and CT-based results showed the same tendency that the elastic modulus decreased with increasing the porosities. The total porosity of the bulk body plays a key role in determining the elastic modulus of porous materials.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.58-66
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• 2007

The objective of this research was to develop environment-friendly adhesives for face fancy veneer bonding of engineered flooring. Urea-formaldehyde (UF)-tannin and melamine-formaldehyde (MF)/PVAc hybrid resin were used to replace UF resin in the formaldehyde-based resin system in order to reduce formaldehyde and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from the adhesives used between plywoods and fancy veneers. Wattle tannin powder (5 wt%) was added to UF resin and PVAc (30 wt%) to MF resin. These adhesive systems showed better bonding than commercial UF resin with a similar level of wood penetration. The initial adhesion strength was sufficient to be maintained within the optimum initial tack range. The standard formaldehyde emission test (desiccator method) and VOC analyzer were used to determine the formaldehyde and VOC emissions from engineered flooring bonded with commercial UF resin, UF-tannin and MF/PVAc hybrid resin. By desiccator method, the formaldehyde emission level of UF resin showed the highest but was reduced by replacing with UF-tannin and MF/PVAc hybrid resin. MF/PVAc hybrid satisfied the $E_1$ grade (below $1.5mg/{\ell}$). VOC emission results by VOC analyzer were similar with the formaldehyde emission results. TVOC emission was in the following order: UF > UF-tannin > MF/PVAc hybrid resin.