• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제47권7호
• /
• pp.657-670
• /
• 2014

수질개선과 하천개수를 통한 자연형하천 조성으로 주민들의 친수공간으로 이용되고 있는 울산시의 5개 도시하천에 대해 식생을 조사하였다. 하천의 기하학적 특성이나 수질 및 제내지 및 제외지 등 주변여건과 식생의 활성화 등과의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 각 하천의 자연형하천 조성시기가 다르고 일천한 관계로 뚜렷한 정량적 상관관계를 얻을 수는 없었으나, 식생의 활성화 정도가 현하천의 수질과 제내지 및 제외지 등 주변 여건에 의한 차이점은 어느 정도 확인할 수 있었다. 자연상태에 가까운 척과천은 식생종류가 다양하였고, 수질과 주변 여건이 좋은 무거천과 명정천은 인위적 유지용수 공급과 개수공사에 의한 인공물이 많지만 식생의 활성화 정도가 좋았다. 반면에 수질이 나쁘거나 하폭과 둔치가 좁은 데도 무리하게 산책로 등을 조성하였던 여천천과 약사천은 식생의 종류가 다양하지 못하였고 활성화도 낮은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제21권10호
• /
• pp.361-371
• /
• 2020

2020년 일몰제가 시행되면서 장기미집행공원 개발에 대한 우려가 제기되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 장기미집행공원이 개발됨에 따라 소실되는 탄소량과 경제적 가치를 평가하여 장기미집행공원 개발에 따른 영향 최소화 방안 도출에 근거를 제공하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 FSDAF 시공간 영상융합기법과 CASA-NPP 모형을 활용하여 서울시 내 장기미집행공원의 연평균 NPP를 산정하고, 이를 바탕으로 5개의 개발 시나리오에 따라 소실되는 탄소량과 경제적 손실을 평가하였다. 서울시 내 개발제한구역을 제외한 장기미집행공원의 총 NPP 값은 4,892.18 t C로 나타났으며, 개발 시나리오 1에서는 4,892.18 t C, 개발 시나리오 2에서는 2,548.55 t C, 개발 시나리오 3에서는 238.94 t C, 개발 시나리오 4에서는 848.38 t C, 개발되는 시나리오 5에서는 1,596.00 t C의 탄소가 소실될 것으로 나타났으며, 각각 5개의 개발 시나리오에 따른 탄소의 사회적 비용을 계산하면 약 11억 8천만원, 6억 1천만원, 5천 8백만원, 2억 5백만원, 3억 8천 5백만원이며 개발로 인해 해당금액의 경제적 손실이 발생할 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 5개의 개발 시나리오를 바탕으로 장기미집행공원의 탄소 손실량과 경제적 손실을 평가하였다는데 의의가 있으며, 일몰제 이후 개발가능성이 높은 장기미집행공원 내 산림생태기능에 대한 영향 최소화 방안 마련, 개발 대안의 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
• /
• pp.556-559
• /
• 2007

The Urban Environmental Quality (UEQ) indicates a complex and various parameters resulting from both human and natural factors in an urban area. Vegetation, climate, air quality, and the urban infrastructure may interact to produce effects in an urban area. There are relationships among air pollution, vegetation, and degrading environmental the urban heat island (UHI) effect. This study investigates the application of multi-spectral remote sensing data from the Landsat ETM and TM sensors for the mapping of air quality and UHI intensity in Seoul from 2000 to 2006 in fine resolution (30m) using the emissivity-fusion method. The Haze Optimized Transform (HOT) correction approach has been adopted for atmospheric correction on all bands except thermal band. The general UHI values (${\Delta}(T_{urban}-T_{rural})$) are 8.45 (2000), 9.14 (2001), 8.61 (2002), and $8.41^{\circ}C$ (2006), respectively. Although the UHI values are similar during these years, the spatial coverage of "hot" surface temperature (>$24^{\circ}C$) significantly increased from 2000 to 2006 due to the rapid urban development. Furthermore, high correlations between vegetation index and land surface temperature were achieved with a correlation coefficients of 0.85 (2000), 0.81 (2001), 0.84(2002), and 0.89 (2006), respectively. Air quality is shown to be an important factor in the spatial variation of UEQ. Based on the quantifiable fine resolution satellite image parameters, UEQ can promote the understanding of the complex and dynamic factors controlling urban environment.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.71-80
• /
• 2005

In order to search for ecologically indicative characteristics on the street tree plots in Daegu area, plant communities and their floras were investigated. A total of 105 plots were collected and numerically analyzed by PCoA(Principal Coordinates Analysis). These plots were classified into 4 types containing 139 species, 97 genera, 42 families(including 37 exotic species): urban-dry type, urban-wet type, rural-dry type, rural-wet type. Habitat connectivity to the surrounding vegetation cover, extent and frequency of human impacts, and soil moisture recognizably were the main factors to allow the plots differentiation. Indicative species composition to these four types was generated as Eleusine indica-Eragrostis multicaulis-Oxalis corniculata to the urban-wet, Digitaria ciliaris-Eleusine indica-Eragrostis multicaulis to the urban-dry, Setaria viri-dis-Artemisia-Lactuca indica var. laciniata to the rural-wet, and Setaria viridis-Digitaria ciliaris-Erigeron canadensis to the rural-dry, respectively. Mean species number per plot for rural type was 2.5 times higher than for urban types. Street tree species representative to the rural-wet type is Zelkova serrata, which is a key species of potential natural vegetation in the alluvial land of Daegu area. Street tree plots were characterized by Eleusine indica showing the highest r-NCD value and also C4-assimilation grass plants. Views on the efficacy of the rural-wet type and the reinforcement of vegetation connectivity and soil moisture in rehabilitating street tree plots, are discussed.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
• /
• pp.598-601
• /
• 2007

Urban growth management is essential for sustainable urban growth. Monitoring physical urban built-up area is a task of great significance to manage urban growth. Detecting urbanized area is essential for monitoring urbanized area. Although image classifications using satellite imagery are among the conventional methods for detecting urbanized area, they requires very tedious and hard work, especially if time-series remote sensing data have to be processed. In this paper, we propose an effective urbanized area detecting method based on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI). To verify the proposed method, we extract urbanized area using two methods; one is conventional supervised classification method and the other is the proposed method. Experiments shows that two methods are consistent with 98% in 1998, 99.3% in 2000, namely the consistency of two methods is very high. Because the proposed method requires no more process without band operations, it can reduce time and effort. Compared with the supervised classification method, the proposed method using vegetation indices can serve as quick and efficient alternatives for detecting urbanized area.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생태학회 2002년도 VIII 세계생태학대회
• /
• pp.113-118
• /
• 2002

Vegetation and riverine structures were compared among urban and several semi-natural rivers by applying direct gradient analysis and ordination method. Urban rivers showed different species composition from the semi-natural ones. Species composition of semi-natural rivers depended on the geographical positions, such as the upstream, midstream, and downstream and on micro-topographies, such as the waterside, flooding bed, and embankment. Semi-natural rivers showed gentle change in micro-topography, whereas urban one did not so. Our restoration plan to improve the ecological quality of the degraded urban river by imitating semi-natural river was prepared based on those data.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.247-252
• /
• 2002

Vegetation and riverine structures were compared among urban and several semi-natural rivers by applying direct gradient analysis and ordination method. Urban rivers showed different species composition from the semi-natural ones. Species composition of semi-natural rivers depended on the geographical positions, such as the upstream, midstream, and downstream and on micro-topographies, such as the waterside, flooding bed, and embankment. Semi-natural rivers showed gentle change in micro-topography, whereas urban one did not so. Our restoration plan to improve the ecological quality of the degraded urban river by imitating semi-natural river was prepared based on those data.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.203-212
• /
• 2002

도시하천 둔치내에 대규모로 자생하고 있는 식생으로 인한 흥수위 변화를 수리모형실험을 통해 검토하였다. 연구대상지역으로는 둔치내에 대나무군락이 밀생하고 있는 태화강을 선정하였다. 모형실험은 9.0km 하천구간을 수평축척 1/300, 연직축척 1/72으로 제작한 왜곡모형을 이용하였다. 현재 밀생하고 있는 대나무군락을 3개 지역으로 구분하여, 대나무군락의 평면적 위치와 대나무군락이 횡단면에서 차지하는 비율에 따른 홍수위 상승효과를 검토하였다. 분석결과 대나무군락에 의한 수위상승효과가 비교적 크게 나타났으나 횡단면에서 차지하는 비율에 비해서는 다소 작은 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 도시하천의 수리학적 특성을 고려하며 둔치에 적절한 식생을 하는 경우 친수 공간 확보가 가능한 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.167-176
• /
• 2009

Land cover changes associated with urbanization have driven climate change and pollution, which alter properties of ecosystems at local, regional, and continental scales. Thus, the relationships among urban ecological variables such as community composition, structure, health, soil and functioning need to be better understood to restore and improve urban ecosystems. In this study, we discuss urban ecosystem management and research from a futuristic perspective based on analyses of vegetation structure, composition, and successional trends, as well as the chemical properties of soils and the distribution of heat along an urban-rural gradient. Urban thermo-profile analysis using satellite images showed an obvious mitigating effect of vegetation on the Seoul heat island. Community attributes of Quercus mongolica stands reflected the effects of urbanization, such as pronounced increases in disturbance-related and pollution-tolerant species, such as Styrax japonica and Sorbus alnifolia. Retrogressive successional trends were detected in urban sites relative to those in rural sites. Changes in the urban climate and biotic environment have the potential to significantly influence the practice and outcomes of ecological management, restoration and forecasting because of the associated changes in future bio-physical settings. Thus, for management (i.e., creation and restoration) of urban green spaces, forward-thinking perspectives supported by historical information are necessary.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.27-43
• /
• 1992

The purpose of this study is to detect and evaluate the change of urban vegetation of Seoul during 1980s. Large areas covered with agricultural crops or forests were converted to residential and commercial areas, roads, schools, sports complexes, etc. There were also widespreas concerns on the deterioration of the quality of urban vegetation due to severe air pollution, overcrowding of nature parks, and idling of farm lands by land speculators. The image used for this study were MSS(Oct. 4, 1979) and TM(Apr. 26, 1990). The Green Vegetation Index of Kauth & Thomas(1976) was for the analysis. The GVI were resampled with 75$\times$75m grids and overlaid with the jurisdictional boundaries of 22 districts of Seoul. The results were reclassified to 6 classes, class 6 representing grids with the most vigorous vegetation or the best vegetation improvement in 1980s. The finding of this study can be summarized as follows : First, the most vigorous vigorous vegetation, in terms of GVI, of the 1979 image can be found at paddy fields located on alluvial near Han River. Broad-leaf forests located on hilly terrains have higher GVI than conifers located on the upper-parts of mountains. The average GVI of the northern part and southern part of Han River are 3.56 and 3.74, respectively. The main reason why the southern part has higher GVI is that there are more prime agricultural lands. Districts of Kangseo, Yangcheon, and Songpa have the highest percentage of grids of GVI class 6, and the percentages are 3.55 %, 3.47 %, and 2.69 %, respectively. Second, the most vigorous vegetation of the 1990 image can be found at the grass lands of the Yongsan golf club and the Sungsu horse racing track. The GVI of farm lands is lower than forest because most agricultural crops are at the early stage of growing season when the TM image was taken. The size of built-up area is much larger than of 1979. On the other hand, vegetation patches surrounded by developed area become smaller and have stronger contrast to surrounding area. The average GVI of the northern part and southern part of Han River are 3.57 and 3.51, respectively. The main reason why the southern part has lower GVI is the at more large-scale urban development projects were carried out in there during 1980s. Districts of Tobong, Nowon, and Seocho have the highest percentage of class 6, and the perecentages are 16.58 %, 10.14 %, and 8.50% respectively. Third, the change of urban vegetation in Seoul during 1980s are significant. Grids of GVI change classes 1 and 2, which represent severe vegetation loss, occupy 15.97% of Seoul. Three districts which lost the most vegetation are Yangcheon, Kangseo, and Songpa, where the percentages of GVI class 1 are 13.42%, 13.39% and 9.06%, respectively. The worst deterioration was mainly caused by residential developments. On the other hand, the vegetation of some part of Seoul improved in this period. Grids of GVI change classes 5 and 6 occupy 9.83 % of Seoul. Distircts of Jung, Yongsan, and Kangnam have the highest percentage of grids with GVI change classes 5 and 6, and their percentages are 22.31%, 19.17%, and 13.66%, respectively. The improvement of vegetation occurred in two areas. Forest vegetation is generally improving despite of concerns based on air pollution and heavy use by recreationists. Vegetation in open spaces established in riverside parks, large residential areas, and major public facilities are also improving.