• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2014

According to the technical guideline of water pollutant load management, the rainfall captured ratio which can be estimated by the empirical formula is an important element to estimate reduction loads of non-point pollutants water quality control basin. In this study, the rainfall captured ratio is altered to stormwater captured ratio considering its meaning in the technical guideline of water pollutant load management, and the new empircal formula of stormwater captured ratio is suggested. In order to do this, we calculate stormwater captured ratio by using the hourly rainfall data of seven urban weather stations (Busan, Daegu, Daejeon, Gangreung, Seoul, Gwangju, and Jeju) for 43 years. The regression coefficients of the existed empirical formula cannot reflect the catchment properties at all, because they are fixed values regardless of regions. However the empirical formula of stormwater captured ratio has flexible regression coefficients by runoff coefficient(C), so it is allowed to consider the characteristics of runoff in catchment. It is expected that reduction loads of storage based water quality control basin can be more reasonably estimated than before.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2019

Climate change has significantly affected the rainfall characteristics which can influence the pollutant build-up and wash-off patterns from the catchment. Therefore, this study explored the influence of varying rainfall characteristics on urban and agricultural runoff pollutant export using statistical approaches. For this purpose, Mann-Kendall and Pettitt's test were applied to detect the trend and breakpoint in rainfall characteristics time series. In addition, double mass curve and correlation analysis were used to drive the relationship between rainfall-runoff and pollutant exports from both catchments. The results indicate a significant decreased in total rainfall and average rainfall intensity, while a significant increased trend for antecedents dry days and total storm duration over the study periods. The breakpoint was determined to be 2013 which shows remarkable trend shifts for total rainfall, average rainfall intensity and antecedents dry days except total duration. Double mass curve exhibited a straight line with significant rainfall-runoff relationship indicates a climate change effect on both sites. Overall, higher pollutant exports were observed at both sites during the baseline period as compared to change periods. In agricultural site, most of the pollutants exhibited significant (p< 0.05) association with total rainfall, average rainfall intensity and total storm duration. In contrast, pollutants from urban site significantly correlated with antecedent dry days and average rainfall intensity. Thus, total rainfall, average rainfall intensity and total duration were the significant factors for the agricultural catchment while, antecedents dry days and average rainfall intensity were key factors in build-up and wash-off from the urban catchment.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2017

도시지역은 인구가 집중되어 토지이용이 집약적이며 불투수면의 비율이 높아 강우시 비점오염에 의한 영향이 높은 지역이다. 비점오염원은 강우시 다양한 토지이용으로부터 발생되며 수계에 직접적인 영향을 미치고 오염물질의 종류와 양에 따라 불확실성이 높은 오염원이므로 점오염원과 함께 관리가 필요하다. 이러한 비점오염원을 관리하기 위한 방안으로 국내 외에서는 자연적인 기작을 이용한 비점오염원 관리기법인 저영향개발기법 (Low impact development, LID)을 도입하였으며 침투도랑, 식생체류지, 인공습지 등 다양한 요소기술이 포함된다. 이중 인공습지는 수질정화 (비점오염물질 저감)와 더불어 물을 저류하는 기능을 가진 친환경적인 시설로 잘 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 비점오염원 관리를 위한 LID 기술의 효과를 알아보기 위하여 수행되었으며 도시지역에 조성된 두 종류의 인공습지를 운영한 결과를 분석하고 평가하고자 한다. 연구대상 인공습지는 HSSF형과 Hybrid형으로 두 시설 모두2010년에 조성되어 현재까지 운영 중에 있으며 본 논문에서는 2010년부터 2015년까지의 총 42회의 모니터링 결과를 이용하였다. 분석결과, 두 인공습지를 통해 강우유출유출량을 평균 37~41% 범위로 저감되였으며 오염물질별 저감효율의 경우 TSS는 63~79%, TN은 38~54%, TP는 54%, 중금속은 32~81% 범위로 나타나 도시지역내 인공습지 적용시 비점오염원 저감에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2011

This study assessed the subsurface runoff and peak flow reduction in rain gardens. The results showed that the highest water retention was found in rain garden mesocosms in which Rhododendron lateritium and Zoysia japonica were planted, followed by mesocosms in which either R. lateritium or Z. japonica was planted, and the lowest water retention rate was found in non-vegetated control treatment mesocosms(${\alpha}$ < 0.05). Although higher rainfall intensity caused a decrease of peak flow reduction in both vegetated and non-vegetated treatments, peak flow reduction was the greatest in mesocosms with mixed plants. A rain garden can be an effective tool for environment-friendly stormwater management and improving ecological functions in urban areas. Depending on the purpose such as delaying runoff or increasing infiltration, various plant types should be considered for rain garden designing.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2005

This study was performed to characterize stormwater runoff of pollution material from nonpoint sources during rainfall in drainage basins of Hongjechun watershed, and to suggest management methods to control the first flush of nonpoint sources. We conducted 4 times of field surveys including 3 times of wet period and 1 times of dry period for 5 stations, which consist of 3 stations in main stream of Hongjechun and 1 station in tributaries of Sinyoungchun and Gukichun, respectively. The variation of pollutant concentrations in terms of BOD, COD, SS and TP was large depending on the flow rate of stormwater, while a little change of TN concentration was investigated. Depending on the rainfall event, the difference of flowrates, and runoff loadings was large, while the difference of those for dry wether period was not noticeable for various sub-basins. In the results of unit load calculation, the range of 153-277 kg/ha/yr for BOD, 222-422 kg/ha/yr for COD, 264-432 kg/ha/yr for SS, 40-70kg/ha/yr for TN, and 13-25 kg/ha/yr for TP was obtained for Hongjechun, Sinyoungchun, and Gukichun sub-basins. Compared with the previous studies, the result of this study was founded to be acceptable.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2016

강우 시 표면 유출에 의한 비점오염물질의 하천 유입은 도시 하천 관리에 부정적인 영향을 미치며 특히 강우 초기의 수질농도가 매우 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 하천의 제외지 또는 유수지 등의 공간을 활용하여 침강 및 여과작용을 이용하여 최소한의 에너지 및 비용을 이용하여 오염물질을 정화시키면서 하천의 수질 및 수량 관리에 긍정적인 작용을 할 수 있는 장치와 시스템을 개발하고자 하였다. 빗물 자동 모니터링 시스템을 이용하여 초기 우수에 대한 유량 및 수질을 파악하였고 이를 토대로 처리 시스템의 설계 기준을 확립하고자 하였다. 초기우수 제어 장치는 침전 장치만으로도 총부유물질 (TSS) 84 - 95%, 총질소 (TN) 31 - 46%, 총인 (TP) 42 - 86%의 제거 효율이 나타났다. 또한 일기 예보를 통해 강우에 의한 유량 및 수질을 예측하고 처리장치의 상태 및 자동 모니터링시스템과 연계하여 시설을 종합적으로 관리할 수 있는 강우 유출 종합관리 시스템 ISTORMS (Integrated Stormwater Runoff Management System)를 개발하였다. 본 연구 결과는 도시 하천의 수질 및 유량 환경개선에 효율적으로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2015

급격히 발전하는 도시지역 및 산업단지의 경우 불투수지역이 대부분이며, 이로 인해 유출이 증가함에 따라 내수침수가 발생할 확률이 높아지고 있다. 도시지역의 유출해석은 대부분 SWMM 모형을 이용하여 강우-유출해석을 수행하고 있으나 이러한 모형은 실제 자연 현상을 해석하는데 한계가 있으며, 모형 자체도 불확실성을 가지고 있어 정확한 유출해석을 하는데 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 모형의 매개변수를 조사하고 불확실성을 가지는 매개변수를 선정한 후 매개변수의 불확실성 정도를 불확실성 정량화 지수를 이용하여 정량화하였다. 수행 결과 관조도계수의 불확실성이 가장 크며, 유출량에 미치는 영향도 가장 컸다. 그러므로 우수관거 설계 시 관조도계수 추정을 보다 정확히 산정하여야 하며, 불확실성 정도를 예측하여 유출해석에 반영하고, 각 매개변수가 가지는 특성을 파악한다면 내수 침수를 예방하는데 큰 기여를 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2001년도 학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.309-314
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• 2001

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2019

This study was conducted to analyse the application of pollutant build-up model on various urban landuses and to characterize pollutant build-up on urban areas as a source of stormwater runoff pollution. The monitored data from impervious surfaces in urban areas such as commercial (8 sites), industrial (10 sites), road (8 sites), residential (10 sites), recreational (5 sites) from 2008 to 2016 were used for the analysis of pollutant build-up model. Based on the results, the average runoff coefficients vary from 0.35 to 0.61. In all landuses except recreational landuse, the runoff coefficient is 0.5 or more, which is the highest in the commercial area. Commercial landuse where pollutants occur at the highest EMC in all landuse, and it is considered that NPS management is necessary compared with other landuses. The maximum build-up load for organic matter (BOD) was highest in the commercial area ($4.59g/m^2$), and for particular matter (TSS) in the road area ($5.90g/m^2$) while for nutrient (TN and TP) in the residential area ($0.40g/m^2$, $0.14g/m^2$). The rate constants ranged from 0.1 to 1.3 1/day depending on landuse and pollutant parameters, which means that pollutant accumulation occurs between 1 and 10 days during dry day. It is clear that these build-up curves can generally be classified based on landuse. Antecedent dry day (ADD) is a suitable and reasonable variable for developing pollutant build-up functions. The pollutant build-up curves for different landuse shows that these build-up curves can be generally categorized based on landuse.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.412-412
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• 2019

Nature-based solutions (NBS) offer a wide variety of techniques that promote cost-efficient stormwater management practices. In particular, low impact development facilities utilize NBS principles to restore the ecosystem services in a highly-urbanized area. Despite the advancements in these technologies, several considerations should still be addressed to ensure optimum functionality and attainment of desired pollutant removal efficiency a LID facility. This study evaluated the mass flushing characteristics of pollutants in an urban catchment and the efficiency of a small constructed wetland (SCW) in treating urban stormwater runoff. 21 rainfall events from 2010 to 2018 were monitored to determine and quantify stormwater pollutants. The highest pollutant washoff was observed on rainfall depths ranging from 0.1mm to 10mm, whereas events with greater rainfall depths exhibited lower pollutant concentrations due to dilution effect. However, the SCW manifested lower pollutant-removal performance on rainfall depths exceeding 10mm due to the exceedance of the facility's design rainfall. This study is beneficial in assessing the dynamics of pollutant washoff and efficiency of LID facilities subjected under various external factors.