• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.749-762
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• 2019

In recent years, in urban areas, underground of roads are being promoted in order to resolve traffic congestion and to secure green spaces, and due to the low ratio of large vehicles, they are planned or constructed as road tunnels for small cars only. In addition, the tunnels being built in the city is a tendency to be enlarged to play the role of main roads. Accordingly, the capacity of the ventilation system is increasing and various ventilation methods are required, and the importance of maintenance after the completion of the tunnel such as the operating cost of the ventilation system is emphasized. Therefore, the need for optimization of the operation stage for reducing the power consumption of the ventilation system and the study of the ventilation system operation control logic is increasing. In this study, the study on the necessity of the optimization of operation stage and control logic of the ventilation system was carried out to realize the energy-saving operation for the small car only passing through tunnels which is applied of ① jet fan and combination ventilation system (② jet fan + air purifying equipment, ③ jet fan + vertical shaft, ④ jet fan + supply air semi-transverse). As a result of this study, there can be various operating combinations in the case of the combined ventilation system, and even though the amount of ventilation air is the same, the operating power varies greatly according to the operating combinations. It was found that operating the axial fan first rather than the jet fan first operation method has an effect on power saving.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.209-225
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• 2017

This study examines the effect of residential and neighboring environment on the residents' social exclusion in Daejeon Chokbangchon, the city's slum area. Based on GIS methodology with residents' addresses and other characteristics, this study finds out the feminization and the ageing trends in the central part of this area. Besides, longitudinal data between 2007 to 2016 shows this area's depopulation resulting in people's spread into other parts of the city. This study took pictures of 252 images of in the streets and indoors, analysed them and defined the problems of residential and neighboring environment. According to this picture analysis, the predicaments of this area was categorized into 4 types such as appearance-hygiene, narrowness-lack of residential functions, safety-privacy violation and stigma. This area ranging 1 km from north to south adjacent with Daejeon railway station was divided into 4 sections with different main problems. The follow-up survey for residents living in each section showed each section was different in work state, neighbor satisfaction, stigma and social exclusion. Finally, residential satisfaction was found to be the most important affecting factor on social exclusion. Based on these results, this study suggests government's housing policy on this area to be more enthusiastic and specific to cope with each problems of sections.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.432-443
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• 2018

This study aims to present the direction of development of a policy framework to solve the problems associated with Smart Cities. For this purpose, first, after investigating the development process of domestic smart cities, we examined various cases of smart city policies being established overseas. Second, we analyzed the existing research into smart cities, in order to understand the relationship between the major issues. Third, an expert interview was conducted based on the identified issues. Fourth, we presented the direction of development of a Smart City policy framework to solve the major problems associated with domestic and foreign smart cities. In the policy framework presented in this research, after subdividing the elements used for solving each problem, we linked them with the smart city components and selected matching executable agents to prepare solutions. Then, once the deliberation process of the National Smart City Committee and the Smart Urban Service Support Organization has been completed, the government will support it financially and politically. It also suggested that it is necessary to perform continuous information gathering and monitoring work, along with the construction of a control tower to strengthen the network effect between smart city related markets. This research has significance in that it presents the procedures required for efficiently responding to the problems arising in the smart city promotion process. It is expected that it will serve as the basis for establishing policies dealing with the development and advancement of domestic smart cities in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.617-622
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• 2018

Air is essential for human beings to survive, but urban air is polluted with soot and harmful gases, due to the increase in industrial development and the population. Thus, air pollution in large cities is of increasing interest in the research community. One of the plausible solutions to this problem is supplying sufficient oxygen to indoor spaces. The main principle of the oxygen generator is to separate oxygen from air using synthetic zeolite. Various synthetic zeolites have been applied to public indoor spaces with the focus being placed on the oxygen exchange quality. Among the characteristics of zeolites which can be applied to oxygen generators is their ability to adsorb nitrogen from the air and, in this way, generate only oxygen. Thus, we investigated the degree of nitrogen adsorption by five kinds of natural zeolite and LTA zeolite 3A, 4A, and 5A (two different sizes). Using the PSA method, the higher the degree of nitrogen adsorption, the higher the oxygen saturation concentration, it was found that the nitrogen adsorption degree of the 5A zeolite was the highest. 6% on average. It was also found that the size of the zeolite had a significant effect on the degree of nitrogen adsorption.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.246-258
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• 2013

The relocation of the public institutions such as the provincial government attracts much attentions since it results in substantial regional economic impacts. In this context this paper analyzes the effects of relocation of Gyeongsangbuk-Do provincial government from Daegu city to Gyeongsangbuk-Do, which is scheduled for 2014, on Daegyeong economic region. Based on the interregional input-output model and I-O data which were provided by the Bank of Korea, this paper examines the multiplier effects of the relocation in terms of production, value added, and employment on Daegyeong economic region and other regions, except for the construction effects of the provincial capital. According to the analysis, the relocation is expected to reduce the production by 290million won, value added by 709million won, and employment by 571 persons in Daegyeong economic region. Also, the relocation turns out to decrease the production by 1,179million won and value added by 123million won of other regions. This paper discusses some policy implications of the analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.155-165
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• 2010

In low-lying districts of urban areas, pump stations were built to protect flooding by the heavy rain. Particularly, the automatic pump operation system was installed for efficiency in the pump stations of Seoul. However, the effective pump operation is difficult under existing operating system because the system only performs operation by reservoir depth. This study would like to improve the real time operating system suggested by Jun et al.(2007) and to apply the system Gasan 1 pump station in Seoul. For various design rainfall events, maximum water levels simulated by the suggested system were 10~70cm lower than results by the existing system. And overflow volume at upstream manholes were 50% reduced. We converted the flood control effects by establishment of the suggested system to economic indicators. To obtain the same effect, approximately 4.9 billion won needs to expand pump capacities or 3.2~6.9 hundreds million won needs to construct storm water detention on upstream area. The suggested system could improve the flood control stability by efficient operation of the existing pump station.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.10-26
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• 2013

To understand the traffic emissions with high temporal and spatial resolutions on road, a mobile laboratory was developed. The objective of this study is to characterize on-road air pollution on Naebu express way surrounding the northern area of Seoul, Korea. We measured the number concentration of ultrafine particles larger than 5 nm and particle size distribution using a condensation particle counter and a fast mobility particle sizer, respectively on 3, 7, and 8 December 2009. The average ultrafine particle number concentration on the Naebu express way excluding tunnels was 126,000 particles/$cm^3$ and 4.2 times higher than that on internal road at Korea Institute of Science and Technology in Seoul, and more than twice higher than that measured on and at the arterial roads of Seoul in previous studies. The maximum ultrafine particle number concentration was observed at the tunnel sections. It was 232,000 particles/$cm^3$ and 1.8 times higher than average ultrafine particle number concentration for the other sections on Naebu express way. The ultrafine particle number concentration on the wider roads with higher traffic volume along the Han River was similar to that in the residential section, probably because of enhanced dilution effect in widely open environment. The size distribution of particles on the Naebu express way was highly fluctuated for a short duration. Ultrafine particles measured at the tunnel showed a bimodal size distribution with mode diameters of ~10 nm and ~50 nm. At the Han riverside section, ~10 nm particles appeared significantly compared with size distribution at the tunnel. This on-road measurement approach can be utilized to manage vehicle-related air pollution in urban area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 2015

With rapid urbanization, the volume of traffic in urban area has been significantly increased. This in turn led to problem which can be described as Road Traffic Noise. Currently, to alleviate the road traffic noise damage, a demand for installation of soundproofing walls is rising. Among different shapes of soundproof walls being installed, the reflection-type acoustical insulation panel is highly drawing attentions of residents due to the fact that it does not obstruct their field of vision in contrast with the opaque acoustical insulation panel. On the other hand, improving the soundproofing wall of the reflection-type acoustical insulation barrier panel needs to be focused on since it has a possibility to cause a secondary damage by reflected sounds. Therefore, in this research, study has been carried out to improve the forms in order to minimize travelling of reflected sounds through changing the frontal surface shape and geometrical shape of the reflection-type soundproofing panel. A result from comparison between the normal reflection-type soundproofing panel and the improved soundproofing panel, with reduction effects in the noise reflection, showed that the curved type of soundproofing panel has an impact on reducing the noise up to 1.5 dB. Furthermore, from the research conducted, it appears that the increase and decrease in the reflected sounds can be changeable depending on various design factors. Thus, it turns out that the study shows a potential possibility to develop a reduction technology of the reflected sounds pertaining to overall condition on the soundproofing walls.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2016

Urban areas generate large amounts of stormwater and non-point source (NPS) pollutants during rainfall events. These are caused by various land use runoffs, vehicular and human activities and increased impervious cover. The increased runoff and NPS pollutants cause water quality deterioration in the receiving waters and adversely affect the aqua-ecosystem. These environmental impacts could be reduced through the application of low impact development (LID) techniques. In Korea, more than 80% of the total rainfall occurs in summer and most of these were 10 mm or less. Therefore, if the LIDs developed were able to cope with rainfall of 10 mm and below, NPS management could be efficiently conducted. This research was performed to determine the effect of varying amounts of rainfall on the performance capability of an established infiltration and filtration facility (IF facility) that can be applied to Korea's common rainfall ranges. The IF facility area was 1.75% of the catchment area, however the facility treated more than 40% and 60% runoff volume and pollutant reduction respectively for a 10 mm rainfall. Lastly, higher volume and pollutant reduction could be attained when the LID area was at least 2% of the entire catchment.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.125-136
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• 2020

In this study, we identified the major pollution-zones of the mainstream and its tributaries of Gongneung stream and investigated their pollution sources based on water quality, flowrate and pollution-load data of the stream having the characteristics of the urban-rural complex to examine the effect of the tributaries on the water quality changes in the mainstream. The water quality and flowrate data were collected for 10 months (2018 ~ 2019) at 3 points of mainstream and ten tributaries. Water quality index (WQI), load duration curve (LDC), discharge load density (DLD)and delivery ratios for each tributary were obtained so as to investigate the pollution characteristics and some of the information visualized on GIS. The main pollution-zone in the Gongneung stream was in the middle and lower streams, and the tributaries that may affect the pollution of the area were JS, JY, SL and SM. JS and SL had low WQI levels (34.7/37.5) and DLD (kg/d/㎢) of BOD and T-P were relatively high in JY (99.2/6.00) and SL (60.0/2.07). BOD and T-P delivery ratios in JS were high (0.94/0.83), suggesting that JS had significant influence on the water quality of the main pollution-zone in the Gongneung stream. Meanwhile, SM having a high T-P delivery ratio (0.97) was found to be more affected by the non-point source due to the higher LDC excess rate (%) in the low flow compared to high flow. This study provides basic data on the water quality and pollution characteristics of the Gongneung stream, and the analysis results are expected to be used as examples for identifying the main pollution-zone and tributaries of stream and their pollution sources.