• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2021

Purpose: The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used to investigate how the psychological constructs of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) affect the individual intention of behaviors in adults. Social support is also important in enabling the stability of healthy eating. This study examined the relationship between three major constructs of TPB as well as social support and the intention of healthy dietary behaviors in adults residing in Beijing, China using the extended TPB. Methods: The study questionnaire was based on previously validated items and an online survey was conducted from October to November 2020. Using a total of 244 Chinese adults in Beijing, multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the relationships between three major constructs of TPB as well as the social support and intention of healthy eating. Results: Among the three major constructs of TPB, subjective norms (p = 0.044) and PBC (p = 0.000) were significantly related to the behavioral intention of healthy eating (p = 0.000), and the model explained 76.6% of the variance of the behavioral intention from the three constructs of TPB included in the multiple linear regression model. The additional inclusion of social support to the model did not increase the explanatory power of the model to describe the behavioral intention of healthy eating. The subjective norms (p = 0.040) and PBC (p = 0.000) were still significant where social support did not explain the variance of the behavioral intention adequately. Conclusion: The subjective norms and PBC may be potential determinants of the behavioral intention of healthy eating in adults residing in Beijing, China. These study results can be used to promote healthy eating in Chinese adults living in urban areas. Large-scale intervention studies will be needed to determine if social norms and PBC predict the actual behaviors of healthy eating in Chinese adults.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) using EuroQoL-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) and to identify its related factors among urban-dwelling adults. Methods: The data for this study were obtained from 1,134 subjects aged $20\sim91$, who participated in 'Survey on the health status and demand for health' in two cities of Korea (Dong-gu, Gwangju and Suncheon-si, Jeollanamdo). The HRQOL was measured using the EQ-5D instrument and EQ-5D index scores were calculated by two Korean valuation study model using time trade-off method. Results: The mean EQ-5D index scores for all subjects were $0.865{\pm}0.218$ (model A), and $0.921{\pm}0.170$ (model B). The EQ-5D index score was significantly different according to demographic and socioeconomic characteristics (gender, age, marital status, education, occupation, income, and health security system), self-rated health condition, health-related psychological assessments (enough sleep, fatigue rate, stress rate, and degree of satisfaction on the residence). The results of multiple linear regression showed that age, marital status, income, coverage of medical insurance, self-rated health condition, and fatigue rate were significantly related common statistical factors of HRQOL in two Korean valuation study model. Conclusion: Among the adults residing in urban environment, the HRQOL was significantly lower on the subjects with following conditions: higher age, being alone without a spouse as a result of death, divorce or separation, low income, medical aid program, poor self-rated health condition, and chronic fatigue. In order to improve the urban adults' quality of life, healthcare policy and health promotion program must be developed with considerations to factors related to the HRQOL.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.184-191
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare health management and leisure activities of the Korean and Japanese elderly. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive research design. A total of 149 Korean and 140 Japanese older adults living in two urban-rural composite areas participated in this research project. Data were collected using interviews with the participants. t-test and $x^2$ test were used to analyze the data. Results: Eighty eight point two percent of the Japanese perceived that their health status was good whereas 27.3% of the Koreans responded that their health status was poor. There were significant differences in types of leisure activities in art, intellectual, events, and volunteer activities between the two groups. A majority of the Japanese elderly replied that they spent some time and money for leisure activities; however, 20.2% and 27.2% of the Koreans reported that they did not spend time or money at all for leisure activities. Conclusion: The number of the Korean elderly participating leisure activities was significantly lower than Japanese participants. Developing nursing strategies using leisure programs would improve the quality of life of older adults and the quality of nursing care.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.103-118
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• 1986

A survey of ecological aspects of food, focused on breakfast of 1,526 adults with various professional occupations such as professors, teachers, employees of government, bank and company, and 1,928 students of various levels in the urban areas, was conducted from March, 1984 to February, 1985. The results were shown as follows: Significancy was found between appetite at breakfast, and bed time, status of sleep, eating outside the home on the previous evening, meal or snack of the previous late evening, and exercise before breakfast. The study showed that only 15.2% of the subjects had a good appetite at breakfast; 28.1% had a poor appetite; others had indifferences. About 45% of the subjects had their evening meal between 7pm. and 8pm.; bank employees had breakfast further later than 9pm.. Surprisingly, 31.3% of the subjects had snacks later than 10pm..Nearly one-fourth of subjects, in general, and 34.4% of the subjects in Seoul, had breakfast by themselves due to different schedules of family members. Breakfast patterns of the subjects during a period of 7 days were distributed as follows: 5.5 times for rice-oriented Korean meal; 0.6 times for bread type meal; 0.9 times for the omission of meal. The study described that the subjects who had bread type breakfast consumed only 3.7 items of food, whereas the subjects who had Korean breakfast consumed 7.1 items, on the average. Better breakfast eating habits for an adequate daily diet should be emphasized through nutrition education for adolescents and at the worksite.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.461-470
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• 2021

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of low physical activity (PA) in Peruvian adults and to identify associated factors. Methods: An analytical study was performed using data from the 2017-2018 Nutritional Food Surveillance by Life Stages survey. The outcome variable was low PA (yes or no), assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form. Prevalence ratios were estimated as a measure of association. Results: Among the 1045 persons included in the analysis, the age-standardized prevalence of low PA was 61.9%. The adjusted model showed that being female and migrating from a rural to an urban area in the last 5 years were associated with a higher probability of having low PA than males and individuals who had not migrated, while residing in rural highlands and jungle areas was associated with a reduced probability of having low PA compared to people residing in other geographic domains. Conclusions: Being a female and migration from a rural to an urban area in the last 5 years were associated with a higher likelihood of having low PA. Therefore, promotion and prevention strategies related to PA are required, especially in the female and migrant populations.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components and to examine the related factors in urban and rural community, South Korea. Methods: The data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES-V) conducted in 2010 were utilized in this study. The subjects were 5,760 adults 20 years or over. The data were consisted with health survey questionnaire and health examination. $x^2$-test and logistic regression was used for the analysis SAS 9.3 applying sampling weights. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome based on the latest definition proposed the joint scientific meeting was 23.4% and 29.0% respectively in urban and rural community. Rural community showed higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (29.9% vs 38.5%), elevated blood pressure (31.3% vs 38.5%), elevated blood glucose (24.3% vs 28.4%) than urban community. The related factors were age, marital status, high risk drinking, obesity in urban community and age, marital status high risk drinking, severe physical activity, obesity in rural community. Conclusion: This study showed there was difference in prevalence and the related factors of metabolic syndrome and these findings have important implications to prevent and manage metabolic syndrome in public health field.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.39-48
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• 2014

Urban outdoor playground serves as the space to promote the physical, cognitive, social, creative, emotional and linguistic development of children and the education center to stimulate the imagination and curiosity of them. It is also the place to be used as a basic park for urban residents and the local community space for associating with people of various levels. However, this playground as a banal space did not function properly before now. In 21st century, urban playground requires change and its various changes have been attempted. In particular, there is a need for the change into eco-friendly playground to provide children's health and urban healthy environment. Therefore, it requires much effort to construct and vitalize the eco-friendly playground adequate for domestic circumstances in Korea. This study derived the preferred planning items among eco-friendly playground planning elements focused on the people to use it and provided the data for the construction of local friendly, eco-friendly outdoor playground. For this purpose, we visited the playground of the apartment house built in 10 years with more than 300 households and surveyed 200 adults and investigated the residents' utilization and satisfaction on the current playground and the recognition and preference for eco-friendly playground.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.170-178
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• 2022

Purpose: Gardening has been reported to have positive emotional and physical effects in older adults. However, limited studies have assessed this relationship in Korea. Therefore, in this pilot study of densely populated urban dwellers, we aimed to investigate whether temporary but repeated experiences of the natural environment could positively change metabolism-related blood indicators. Methods: This study used pre- and post-interventional designs to investigate the effects of 16 weeks of gardening on lipid profiles in an urban adult population and investigate their relationships. This study was conducted 30 times at the H Botanical Garden in Yongin City from August 16, 2021 to November 30, 2021 (16 weeks, twice a week, 3 hours each time). Before and after the gardening program, a clinical pathologist collected blood samples from the participants. Results: High-density lipoprotein levels increased, low-density lipoprotein levels decreased, and total cholesterol levels decreased after the gardening activity. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that gardening has potential for clinical application as it has good control over the lipid profile through physical activity. These findings can be used as basic data for studying the relationship between urban populations and their living environment and for various studies in the future as experiencing the natural environment provides many health benefits.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2007

Inadequate dietary intakes and poor health behaviors are of concern among rural residents in Korea. This study is conducted to compare dietary intakes, dietary diversity score (DDS), mean nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR) and health related behaviors by rural, factory and urban areas in Asan. A total of 930 adults (351 men and 579 women) were interviewed to assess social economic status (SES), health related behaviors and food intakes by a 24-hour recall method. Mean age was 61.5 years with men being older (64.8 years) than women (59.3 years, p<0.001). Men in the factory area were older than rural or urban men while urban women were the youngest. Education and income of urban residents were higher than other area residents. There were more current drinkers in urban area while smoking status was not different by regions. Physical activity was significantly higher in rural or factory areas, whilst urban residents exercised more often (p<0.05). Rural or factory area residents considered themselves less healthy than others while perceived stress was lower than urban residents. Energy intakes were higher in urban residents or in men, however, after SES was controlled, energy intake did not show any differences. Energy-adjusted nutrient intakes were significantly higher in the urban area (p<0.05) for most nutrients except for carbohydrate, niacin, folic acid, vitamin $B_6$, iron and fiber. Sodium intake was higher in factory area than in other areas after SES was controlled. DDS of rural men and MAR of both men and women in the rural area were significantly lower when SES was controlled. In conclusion, dietary intakes, diversity, adequacy and perceived health were poor in the rural area, although other health behaviors such as drinking and perceived stress were better than in the urban area. In order to improve perceived health of rural residents, good nutrition and exercise education programs are recommended.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.371-377
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of satisfaction with green space on life satisfaction and to examine mediating effect of subjective health status in the relationship between satisfaction with green space and life satisfaction of older adults living in cities. For the purpose of the study, older adults aged over 65 years old who participated in 2018 Social Survey conducted by Statistics Korea were analyzed. A total of 4,567 older adults were analyzed using multiple regression analyses and significance of mediating effect was examined using bootstrapping method. Results of the analyses showed that satisfaction with green space had a significant effect on life satisfaction. Since a higher level of satisfaction with green space increased the level of life satisfaction, a direct effect of satisfaction with green space on life satisfaction was revealed. Also satisfaction with green space had a significant effect on subjective health status, so persons with a higher level of satisfaction with green space perceive their subjective health more positively. In regard to mediating effect, subjective health status partially mediated the relationship between satisfaction with green space and life satisfaction of the urban elderly. Results of this study show that green space can be used as an intervention method to improve health and life satisfaction of the urban elderly.