• 제목/요약/키워드: upset pressure

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토션 바재의 마찰용접에 관한 연구(I) -마찰용접기술의 최적화에 대하여- (Study on Friction Welding of Torsion Bar Material(1) -Optimization of Friction Welding Technique-)

  • 오세규;이종두
    • 한국해양공학회지
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.101-109
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    • 1990
  • The friction welding has more technical and economic advantages than the other welding processes. As this welding process has the characteristics such as curtailment of production time, materials, cost reduction, etc., it has been widely used in production of various mechanical components which have complex shapes. So, this paper deals with optimizing the friction welding conditions and analyzing various mechanical properties of the friction welded joints of torsion bar material SUP9A bar to bar. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1) The quantitative relation between heating time($t_{1}$, sec) and total upset(U, mm)can be obtained. The empirical formula obtained is ; U = 3.29$t_{1}$ + 1.6 2) The tensile strength($\sigma_{t}$, kgf/$mm^{2}$) of friction welding joints as post weld heat treated(PWHT) depends upon heating time($t_{1}$, sec) quantitatively and the empirical formula obtained is ; $\sigma$= -5.1$t_{1}\;^{2}$+44.90$t_{1}$+45.2 3) It is certain that the optimum condition for friction welded joints of SUP9A steel bars of diameter 14.5mm is, considering on various properties such as tensile strength, torsional strength, impact energy and strain of the joints after PWTH ; n = 2000rpm, $P_{1}$=8kgf/$mm^{2}$, $P_{2}$=20kgf/$mm^{2}$, $t_{1}$=4sec, $t_{2}$=3sec 4) The tensile strength, torsional strength and hardness were increased with the increased with the increasing carbon equivalent, but toughness was decreased.

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경량 피스톤 로드를 위한 마찰용접 적용연구(SM45C/SM45C-Pipe 사용) (A Study on the Friction Welding for Light Piston-Rod(SM45C/SM45C-Pipe))

  • 민병훈;임형택;민택기
    • Journal of Welding and Joining
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.55-61
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    • 2008
  • Various research to reduce weight of a car is achieving. This research is tendencious to manufacture solid piston rod of shock absorber as hollow piston rod using friction welding. This study deals with the friction welding of SM45C to SM45C-Pipe that is used in car shock absorber, The friction time was variable conditions under the conditions of spindle revolution of 2,000rpm, friction pressure of 55MPa, upset pressure of 75MPa, and upset time of 2.0seconds. Under these conditions, the microstructure of weld interface, tensile fracture surface and mechanical tests were studied of friction weld, and so the results were as follows. 1. In tensile strength, the hole processing is better than non-hole processing. 2. When the friction time was 1.5seconds under the conditions, the maximum tensile strength of the friction weld happened to be 869MPa, which is 103% of SM45C's tensile strength and 91% of SM45C's Pipe. 3. When the friction time was 2.0seconds under the conditions, the maximum bending strength of the friction weld happened to be 1599MPa, which is 80% of SM45C's bending strength and 118% of SM45C's Pipe.

SM45C와 SCM4의 마찰용접 및 피로특성에 관한 연구 (A Study on Friction Welding of SM45C to SCM4 Steel Bars and the Fatigue Properties)

  • 오세규;김부안;김선진;남상훈
    • 한국해양공학회지
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.112-121
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    • 1988
  • A study on friction welding of carbon steel bar (SM45C) to chrome molybedenum steel bar(SCM4) is examined experimentally through tensile test, hardness test, microstructure test and fatigue test. so, this paper deals with optimizing the welding concitions and analyzing various mechanical properties about friction welds of SM45C to SCM4 steel bars. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1) For friction welded joints of SM45C to SCM4 steel bars, the total upset(U)increases linearly with an increase of heating time ($t_{1}$) till 6s. 2) The determined optimum welding conditions are heating time ($t_{1}$)2s, upsetting time($t_{2}$), 3s, heating pressure($p_{1}$), 4kgf/$mm^{2}$(39.2MPa), upsetting pressure($p_{2}$, 8kgf/mm$^{2}$(78.4MPa) and rotating speed(N), 2, 000rpm when the total upset(U) is 3.4mm, resulting in a computed relationship between the joint tensile strength .sigma.$_{t}$ (kgf/mm$^{2}$and the total upset U(mm); .sigma.$_{t}$ =$0.21U^{3}$ - $3.38U^{2}$ +17.03U + 66.00 3) As the elongation is increased more and more, the fracture position becomes away from weld interface and the fractures are similar to those of SM45C. Fracture is taken place on SM45C side. 4) The weld interface of two dissimilar materials is mixed strongly, and the heat affected zone is about 2.0mm at SM45C while about 2.7 mm at SCM4 side. Therefore, the welded zone and heat affected zone are very narrow, comparing with those of the joints welded by the other welding methods. 5) The fatigue strengths at N=10$^{6}$ cycles of SM45C, SCM4 and friction welded joints are 23kgf/$mm^{2}$, 33kgf/$mm^{2}$(220.5 MPa), and 22.5kgf/$mm^{2}$(220.5MPa) respectively, and fracture at friction welded joint takes place at the side of SM45C. 6) The hardness of the friction weld interface is 3 times higher than that of base metal. 7) Fatigue strength of friction welded joint is higher than that of base metal. 8) Notch sensitivity factor of friction welded joint is lower than that of base metal.

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철근 가스압접의 접합조건에 대한 연구 (A Study on the Weld Condition of Gas Pressure Welding in Steel Bars)

  • 이철구;서성원;채병대;남복현
    • 한국공작기계학회논문집
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    • 제10권6호
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    • pp.57-62
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    • 2001
  • Recently, it has increased that the importance of gas pressure weldment of steel bars in large construction bars. But there has hardly been any studies about it. Therefore we need more research. SD40 steel bar (32mm in diameter) which has been practically used at construction sites are tested about tension, bonding, fatigue, a macro structure and micro structure at foil gitudinal section and hardness to fed out the mechanical property and best welding ranges in some cases of mechanical cut and gas cut before gas pressure welded. It is that a gas-pressure welded zone of steel bar where was cleaned of impurities in way of two-upsetted method is more excellent bending and tension property than the regulation of KD D 0244. Also gas cut bars gained hardness from the heat affected zone so. In conclusion, to improve the weldability of steel bars, it is considered best to clean mechanically cut sutra- faces and then weld them by a method of 2 step upset way.

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SKH51/SM45C의 마찰용접특성에 관한 연구 (A Study on Mechanical Properties and Friction Weldability of SKH51 and SM45C)

  • 이세경;민병훈;최수현;심도기;민택기
    • Journal of Welding and Joining
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    • 제25권6호
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    • pp.53-58
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    • 2007
  • The present study examined the mechanical properties of the friction welding of shaft made of SKH51 and SM45C, of which the diameter is 12mm. Friction welding was done at welding conditions of 2,000rpm, friction pressure of 104MPa, upset pressure of 134MPa, friction time of 0.5sec to 2.5sec by increasing 0.5sec, upset time of 2 seconds. Under these conditions, a tensile test, a bending test, a shear test, a hardness test and a microstructure of weld interface were studied. When the friction time was 1.0 second under the conditions, the maximum tensile strength of the friction weld observed to be 963MPa, which is 89% the tensile strength of SKH51 base metal and 101% of the tensile strength of SM45C base metal. When the friction time was 1.0 seconds under the conditions, the maximum bending strength of the friction weld happened to be 1,647MPa, which is 78% the bending strength of SKH51 base metal(2,113MPa) and 87% of the bending strength of SM45C base metal(1,889MPa). When the friction time was 1.0 seconds under conditions, the maximum shear strength of the friction weld was observed to be 755MPa, which is 92% the shear strength of SKH51 base metal and 122% of the shear strength of SM45C base metal. According to the hardness test, the hardness distribution of the weld interface varied from Hv282 to Hv327. HAZ was formed from the weld interface to 1.2mm of SKH51 and 1.6mm of SM45C. Upon examination it was found that the microstructure became finer along with increase of friction revolution radius.

이종재 막찰용접 이음부에서의 초음파 반사계수와 용접조건과의 관계 (The Relationship between Welding Conditions and Ultrasonic Reflection Coefficients of Dissimilar Metals Friction Welded Joints)

  • 오세규;김동조;한상덕
    • 한국해양공학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.138-143
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    • 1987
  • Friction welding has emerged as a reliable process for high-production commercial applications with significant economic and technical advantages. But nondestructive test in friction weld was not clearly developed. Therefore the experimental verification is necessary in order to understand the characteristcs of the pulse echo effects according to various change in welding conditions. This paper presents an attempt to determine the relationship between the varios welding conditions and the coefficients of reflection using the ultrasonic pulse echo method in dissibilar metals friction weld. The new approach of calculating the coefficients of reflection based on measured amplitudes of the echoes is applied in this paper. These coefficients provides a single quantitative measurement which involves both acoustic energy reflected at the welded interface as well as transmitted across the interface. As a result, it was known that the quantitave relationship between welding conditions and the coefficients of reflection using the ultrasonic pulse echo exists in dissimilar metals friction weld.

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이종마찰압접재의 압접조건에 따른 기계적 성질의 거동 - STS304와 SM15C 재를 중심으로 - (Behavior of Mecnanical Properties of Friction Welded Materials for Various Friction Welding Conditions -For STS304 and SM15C-)

  • 오환섭
    • 한국생산제조학회지
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.47-53
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    • 1998
  • In this study, behavior of deformation and mechanical properties under static tensile load in friction welded dissimilar materials. and necking phenomenon occuring at yeilding point are shown. Behavior of Hv(Micro Vickers Hardness) is observed that the maximum value is occured near by the interface. and the minimum value is arised at the heat affected zone. Fracture occured at the minimu value of Hv of the heat affected zone is observed. The position of fracture surface is subjected to behavior of Hv. Yielding strength subjected to friction welding conditions, specially to upset pressure is shown.

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천연가스 다노즐 열원설비의 연료 유동 안정화 (Stabilization of Fuel F1ow in a Multi-Nozzle Combustion System Burning Natural Gas)

  • 박의철;차동진
    • 설비공학논문집
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    • 제13권12호
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    • pp.1255-1265
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    • 2001
  • A numerical study has been conducted to characterize the transient flow in a utility gas turbine burning natural gas. The solution domain encompasses the supply gas pressure regulator to the combustor of the gas turbine that employs multi-nozzle fuel injectors. Some results produced for verification in the present study agree suite well with the experimental ones. It is found that the total gas flow may decrease noticeably during its combustion mode change, which would be the reason of momentary combustion upset, when a reference case of opening ratios of control valves in the system is applied. Several parameters are then varied in order to make the total gas flow stable over that period of time. Results of this study may be useful to understand the unsteady behavior of combustion system burning natural gas.

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마찰용접에 의한 드릴 생산에서의 AE에 의한 실시간 품질평가에 관한 연구 (Study on Real-Time Weld Quality Evaluation by Acoustic Emission for Production of Drills by Friction Weldiing)

  • 오세규;윤인진;오정환;오명석
    • 한국해양공학회지
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.121-130
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    • 1993
  • A study off riction welding of high speed steel(SKH 51) bar for blade side to carbon steel(STC 3)bar for shank side was carried out experimentally through tensile test, hardness test, microstructure, and acoustic emission (AE) test. So, this paper deals with optimizing the welding conditions and the real-time quality (strength) evaluation of friction weleded joints by acoustic emission technique. The results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) For friction welded joints of SKH 51to STC 3 steel bars, the total upset (U) increases linearly with an increase of heating time (t sub(1)). (2) The determined optimum welding conditions are heating time (t sub(1)) 7-9 sec, upsetting time (t sub(2)) 5 sec, heating pressure(P sub(1)) 12 kg sub(f)mm supper(2), upsetting pressure (P sub(2)) 15 kg sub(f) mm supper(2) and rotating speed (n) 2, 000 rpm, resulting in a computed relationship between the tensile strength of the joint .sigma. (kg sub(f) mm supper(2)) and the heating time t sub(1) (sec) as the following. sigma.=2.39t sub(1)

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SUS304합금의 마찰접합특성 평가 (Evaluation of the Friction Welding Properties on SUS304 Alloy)

  • 김영규;송국현;정준기;하태권
    • 소성∙가공
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.193-199
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    • 2024
  • The friction welding characteristics of stainless steels, mainly used in energy and chemical plant industries due to its excellent corrosion resistance and high strength, was evaluated in this study. Friction welding was introduced and conducted at a rotation speed of 2,000 RPM, friction pressure of 30 MPa, burn-off length of 5 mm and upset pressure of 110 ~ 200 MPa on rod typed specimens. The grain boundary characteristics distributions such a grain size, shape, misorientation angle and kernel average misorientation of the welds were clarified by electron backscattering diffraction method. The application of friction welding on SUS304 alloy resulted in a significant refinement of the grain size in the weld zone (5.11 mm) compared to that of the base material (48.09 mm). The mechanical properties of the welds, on the other hand, appeared to be relatively low or similar to those of the base material, which were mainly caused by dislocation density in the initial material and grain refinement in the welds.