• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.163-167
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• 2020

Purpose: Unilateral strength training effects on contralateral sides have been demonstrated in previous studies for lower extremity exercise, upper extremity exercise, and unilateral surface electrical stimulation. This study was performed to investigate the effects of unilateral ankle training on muscle strength and the balance of contralateral lower extremity in healthy adults. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects were randomized equally to a training or a control group. Those in the training group received unilateral ankle isokinetic strengthening training of the dominant leg (right side) for 4 weeks. Contralateral single-limb balance, including Anterio-Posterior Stability Index (APSI), Medio-Lateral Stability Index (MLSI) and Overall Stability Index (OSI), was assessed before and after intervention. Results: Comparison of pre- and post-test data revealed significant improvements in ipsi- and contralateral ankle strengths, and significant improvement in contralateral single limb balance. Conclusion: These results have practical implications because they demonstrate that unilateral ankle isokinetic exercise improves ankle muscle strength and balance ability of contralateral lower extremity.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.526-534
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activities of stroke patients and healthy participants during bimanual tasks. Design: A cross sectional study. Methods: A total of 25 participants (13 hemiparetic stroke patients and 12 healthy participants) were recruited. The muscle activities using electromyogram (EMG) during bimanual tasks were collected from the following muscles: extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), biceps brachii (BB), and triceps brachii (TB). The bimanual tasks included eight tasks consisted of (1) raising the wrists up and down, (2) supinating and pronating the palms, (3) touching the shoulder with fingertips, (4) drawing vertical dot, (5) reaching for a cup and bring it in to drink, (6) drawing a circle outward and (7) inward, and (8) grasping the fingers. The EMG data collected from the muscles of paretic and non-paretic sides of stroke patients and the average from both sides of healthy subjects were normalized and compared after calculating the percentage of maximal isometric voluntary contraction. Results: The ECRL, BB and TB of the paretic side of the stroke patients showed relatively greater muscle activity compared to the non-paretic side as well asaverage of the healthy subject duringall tasks (p<0.05). In addition, the ECRL showed the highest muscle activity during most of the tasks. All of the non-paretic side musclesfrom stroke patients showed higher muscle activity compared to those of healthy subjects. Conclusions: The current study showed that muscle activities of upper extremity varied between paretic and non-paretic sides of stroke patients during bimanual tasks. Interestingly, the non-paretic side muscle activities were also different from those of normal participants.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) patterns on electromyography (EMG) activity in the rectus abdominis, internal abdominal oblique, external abdominal oblique, and erector spinae according to position changes. Methods: Ten healthy adults volunteered to participate in the study. The subjects were required to complete exercises that followed two PNF extremity patterns, namely, an upper extremity extension-adduction-internal rotation pattern and a lower extremity flexion-adduction-external rotation pattern. The exercises were applied in the supine, side-lying, and sitting positions. Repeated measure one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni correction were used to determine the influence of the patterns on muscle activity for each muscle, and descriptive statistics were then used to determine the local/global muscle ratios. Results: The upper extremity pattern had a significant effect on the rectus abdominis and erector spinae in the supine position, and on the internal oblique and external oblique in the sitting position (p<0.05). The median value for the internal oblique/rectus abdominis showed a high ratio of 2.05, and a high ratio of 1.01 was shown for the internal oblique/external oblique in the sitting position. The lower extremity pattern had a significant effect on the rectus abdominis in the side-lying position and on the internal oblique, external oblique, and erector spinae in the sitting position (p<0.05). The median value for the internal oblique/rectus abdominis showed a high ratio of 2.83 in the sitting position and a high ratio of 1.30 for the internal oblique/external oblique in the side-lying position. Conclusion: The PNF pattern increases local muscle activation in an unstable position. Therefore, when the pattern is used for intervention purposes, trunk stability and varied position changes should be taken into account.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.455-465
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to describe the alteration of muscle action potential of spastic upper extremity in a patient with cerebral palsy by the water temperature. We used seven patients with cerebral palsy. Participants classified according to each group in $29^{\circ}C,\;35^{\circ}C$ by the water temperature. All subjects participated 2 session, which at least 1 week between session. The test was measured continuously pre test, post-test by thermometer and surface EMG. The following results were obtained; 1. In changes of surface temperature, wrist flexor and extensor were significantly decreased in $29^{\circ}C$ (p<0.001) group but were significantly increased $35^{\circ}C$ group(p<0.01). 2. In changes of surface temperature, wrist flexor and extensor were significantly differenced between $29^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$ group(p<0.001). 3. In changes of muscle action potential, wrist extension antagonist were significantly increased in $29^{\circ}C$ group(p<0.05). 4. In changes of muscle action potential, wrist flexion agonist were more significantly increased in $29^{\circ}C$ group(p<0.01). 5. In changes of muscle action potential, wrist extension antagonist were significantly differenced between $29^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$ group(p<0.05). These results lead us to the conclusion that changes of muscle action potential of spastic upper extremity in a patient with cerebral palsy were influenced by the water temperature. Therefore, a further direction of this study will be to provide more evidence that a moderate water temperature have an effect on muscle tone in a patient with cerebral palsy.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.53-59
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• 2012

Background : The purpose of the study was: to investigate muscle activation of upper arm according mouse shape. Methods : Twenty person(mean age : 23. 7) who have healthy condition was participated this study, we collected data of muscle activation using by EMG from upper trapezius(Tr), deltoid middle fiber(De), extensor digitorum(Ed), first dorsal interosseous(Di) during participants was performed click and drag according various mouse. Mouse shape was divided 4 level as follow shape 1 was very small, 2 was small, 3 was moderate, 4 was large. Data was analyzed ANOVA, independent t-test using by SPSS ver18.0. Results : There was significantly difference of muscle activation among each muscle according mouse shape in drag and click. In shape 1, 4, there was significantly difference of muscle activation of Tr, De, Ed between drag and click except Di. In shape 2, 4, there was significantly difference of muscle activation of all muscle between drag and click. Conclusion : We knew that extensor digitroum showed more higher muscle activation than other muscle in drag, first dorsal interoseous showed more higher muscle activation that other muscle in click. We suggest that mouse shape was very important factor in order to prevent skeletal muscular disorder for computer user, and mouse shape can reduce muscle fatigue during computer work.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.23-33
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• 2018

Objective : This systematic review aimed to investigate the effect of focal muscle vibration in patients with post-stroke spastic hemiplegia. Methods : We searched literature published between April 2009 and October 2017 using PubMed and RISS databases. The main search terms were Vibration therapy, Focal vibration, Somatosensory, Upper limb, and Spasticity after stroke. Based on inclusion/exclusion criteria, 6 articles were selected. Results : Articles on focal muscle vibration intervention ranged from evaluation of application-only vibration to muscle vibration with task-oriented activity. Intervention effects on upper extremity spasticity and function and activities of daily living were assessed. There were significant effects on upper extremity spasticity, function, and cortical excitability. Conclusions : This study can provide information on focal muscle vibration for use by clinical therapists. However, further studies are needed to identify the optimal stimulation site and frequency/amplitude of application to maximize the effects of focal muscle vibration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study is change of lumbar multifidus muslce recorded simultaneously by ultrasound imaging during upper extremity functional movement in chronic low back pain patients. The subject were consisted of 10 women patients with chronic low back pain and healthy asymptomatic subject 10 women. Methods : 10 women patients with chronic low back pain and healthy asymptomatic subject 10 women is voluntary participated for the research. Subjects were positioned in standing. Multifidus size were measured from L4 vertebral segement. The ultrasound imaging apparatus(Sonoace 6000, Medison, Korea) was epuipped with a 5-MHz convex array transducer. The upper extremity lifting movement used to activate the multifidus was then measured. Results : Results of the analysis showed that at the L4 vertebral leves, healthy asymptomatic subjects had significantly larger multifidus muscle compared with chronic LBP subjects. Conclusion : This study will be used as treatment method of patient with chronic LBP. The multifidus muscle in chronic LBP patients clinical significance. Most of chronic LBP patients have multifidus contraction pattern. Especially multifidus contraction in L4 vertebral segement. So chronic LBP patients necessary multifidus muscle release treatment.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2018

This study was designed to provide basic data for developing exercise program that helps correcting posture by knowing the effect of strengthening and elongation exercises of upper extremity muscle to forward head posture correction. In this study determined subjects whether they had forward head posture or not. On the basis of the New York state posture rating, if a subject's posture is match up with the normal standard posture, gives 5 points and if the posture is slightly get out of the normal standard posture, gives 3 points and if the posture is apparently get out of the standard, gives 1 points. When determining the forward head posture, if talus, humerus and outer ear center are on the same line, it is determined as normal and if outer ear center is off the line less than 1.0cm, it is a slight deformation and if outer ear center is off the line more than 1.0cm, it is a high deformation. In the study selected people who have more than 1 cm gap between two vertical lines start from outer ear center and acromion separately as subjects. Length between the ideal alignment line measured by using goniometer and temporal region showed statistically significant decrease as $2.36{\pm}1.07cm$ before the intervention and $1.06{\pm}0.88cm$ after the intervention. After 4 weeks of neck and chest extensor muscle exercise, the group who exercised both showed increase in range of neck joint motion and neck flexion of the forward head posture. Meanwhile the group who only exercised neck extensor muscle only and the group who only exercised chest extensor muscle didn't showed statistically significant result. That only the group who exercised both muscles showed significant result is the different with studies before. Because this study didn't target patient who had a lesion, couldn't compare effect of the conservative manner and exercise. However, this study provides the fact that the group who exercised both neck and chest muscle had more effect than the control group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.613-623
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• 2022

This study developed a functional prototype jacket designed to reduce loads on the upper extremities of workers performing repetitive motions in the same posture for extended periods of time. Dynamic taping lines were applied to the upper extremities, and three dimensional (3D) supporters were inserted in the abdomen and back waist areas corresponding to the core muscles. Clothing pressure on the upper-extremity dynamic taping lines was set to two levels (proto P1 and proto P2), and the 3D supporters were designed in three types (proto FW, proto FW/BW, proto FW/BW/BBX). According to the subjective pressure perceived on each part of the upper extremities, the level proto P1 pressure was preferred. The proto FW/BW/BBX 3D supporter was rated as excellent, and the perceived pressure was ranked as satisfactory. The prototype jacket performed upper-extremity load reduction when the upper-extremity clothing-pressure level was set to 1.8 kPa, 2.1 kPa, and 2.4 kPa on the upper arm, forearm, and wrist regions, respectively, and when 3D supporters were installed in the abdomen and back of the waist with the addition of a back band.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.130-139
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was designed to present preliminary data for the development of appropriate nursing care system for the patients with ALS by analyzing their physical function. Method: The clinical data of 36 ALS patients, who visited ALS Clinic of H University Hospital in Seoul, were collected from January, 2006 to August, 2006. To determine the physical function, Norris ALS scale and Appel ALS Rating Scale were used. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, range, t-test, ANOVA, using SPSS PC program. Results: The mean score of physical activity, muscle strength, upper extremity function, lower extremity function was 18.08, 27.72, 25.94, 25.19 respectively. There were significant differences in physical activity, muscle strength, and upper extremity function according to sender and comorbid disease(diabetes). Although sites of symptom onset were not statistically significant with all physical function, patients with bulbar onset showed relatively severe physical disabilities. Conclusion: The preliminary data on physical function of patients with ALS would be helpful for the development of ALS nursing guideline system.