• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.80-89
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• 2013

■ Objectives The aim of study is to analyze the change of gait pattern by arm sling in a hemiplegic patient. ■ Methods We analyzed the change of gait pattern under three conditions using Treadmill Gait analysis equipment(Zebris Co.Ltd FDM-T) First, the patient didn't have arm sling on her upper limb, second, the patient have arm sling on her affected upper limb, third, patient have arm sling on her unaffected upper limb. ■ Results In terms of spatiotemporal gait values, swing phase, step time, step length of unaffected lower limb increased. Furthermore, stride time and stride length also increased when the patient had arm sling on her unaffected upper limb. In terms of displacement of Center of pressure(CoP), anterior/posterior position and lateral symmetry of CoP increased. Furthermore, lateral symmetry of decreased when the patient had arm sling on her affected upper limb. ■ Conclusion Arm sling applied on affected side would be advantage to gait improvement in hemiplegic patients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.9-14
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• 1975

Growth retardation and a variable degree of body disproportion are recognized features of malnutrition, and mild and moderate protein-calorie malnutrition(PCM). Among the various body measurements suggested to assess the prevalence of all grades of PCM as judged by growth retardation and by body disproportion, the 'mid-upper-arm circumference'-abbreviated to 'arm-circumference' has been suggested as a potential useful simple field index for the assessment of PCM showing that the measurement would give composite information simultaneously on three important effects on PCM-deficit in the muscle protein reservoirs, availability of calorie stores in the form of subcutaneous fat, and growth failure. And this is selected because of its easy accessibility, and less involvement with clinical edema. This study is conducted to make a comparison between the percentage of Korean weight for age standards and the percentage of mid-upper-arm circumference for age standards of 175 preschool children aged $3{\sim}72$ months who are selected among the low-income residents in Seoul. In this study, a comparison is made between the results obtained by expressing the observed weight of the child as a percentage of Korean standard, referred to as 'weight-for-age' and the observed arm-circumference expressed as a percentage of the age-specific arm standard of Jelliffe, referred to as 'arm-for-age'. All the measurements were taken following the techniques described by Jelliffe. The left mid upper arm was measured using a glass-fibre tape and the Fairbanks Morse beam balance was used for weighing. 80% level of weight for age Korean standard and 85% level of arm for are Jelliffe standard were used as an upper borderline limit for PCM. Comparing the 80% weight-for-age and the 85% arm-for-age standard as an upper limit for PCM, for children aged $3{\sim}72$ months, results in 84.6% agreement with the sensitivity of 86.4% and its specificity of 83.5%. If arm circumference alone had been measured and judgement made on this basis, then only 5.1% of the children would have been 'wrongly' classified. And there is a moderately close correlation between arm circumference and weight for age as the data in Table 4 shows. The problem therefore lies in the standard for arm circumference in normal children and in determining what is the lower limit of normal. Once this is clearly difined, one can rely more confidently on arm circumference measurements alone for the nutritional assessment of early childhood.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of upper extremity exercise and Bandage on the edema and range of motion. Complex decongestive physiotherapy was one of the latest methods to deal with the limitation of range of motion and the edema that were the prime problems of patients with lymphedema. Methods : Twenty patients undergone mastectomy were participated in this study voluntarily. They had lymphedema on upper extremity and partial limitation of range of motion. The subjects had been treated with upper extremity home exercise and complex decongestive physiotherapy with Bandage for 4 weeks. The measure of these patients with upper extremity edema was included: the volume, arm circumfenence and range of motion. These were measured two times: before the treatment, after 4 weeks of the treatment. Results : The upper extremity edema of patients treated home exercise group and complex decongestive physiotherapy group with Bandage was definitely decreased (p<0.05). Moreover, the upper volume of those who were the same condition also significantly shrank and patients' arm circumferences of upper arm breathtakingly diminished as well (p<0.05). But home exercise group patients' arm circumferences of forearm was not remarkable(p>0.05). However, patients' range of motion who were treated with upper extremity exercise were evidently increased when compared to that of the before treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion : Complex decongestive physiotherapy and bandage performed by physical therapist increased the ROM of upper arm and reduced the edema in patients with lymphedema.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.425-432
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between foot pressure and upper arm PNF exercise conducted with elastic bands while standing. Methods: Eighteen asymptomatic patients consented to participate in the study. Foot pressure was measured in the standing position using the Gaitview system for proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching (PNF) using a right upper arm pattern. Resistance strength was varied based on the type of elastic band used (red=medium, green=heavy, and blue=extra heavy). Statistical significance of the results was evaluated using a repeated one-way ANOVA, and the Bonferroni method was used for the ad hoc test (SPSS ver. 18. for Windows). Results: A significant difference was observed in fore-foot, rear-foot, and everage pressure after upper arm PNF exercise. However, there was no significant difference according to the type of elastic band. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, an upper arm PNF exercise with and without resistance may affect foot pressure in the standing position.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

This study is an ergonomic study on the function of sleeves related with the expansion and contraction of the upper Extremity skin surface by various movememts. RESULTS : 1. According to the plane figure, a. The change of form is like fig. 3. b. In the changing rates of the expansion and contraction of skin surface by various movements, that of arm hole girth shows an extremely big discrepancy and that of Elbow Girth shows a relative low one. c. According to the rate of the expansion and contraction of each block, the inside of the upper arm area expands most in all the blocks measured. 2. According to the rate of expansion and contraction of skin surface by somatometry, inside lehgth of arm in M\sub 2\ and outside length of the upper arm in M\sub 4\ expand significantly8and also elbow girth in M\sub 6\, M\sub 7\, M\sub 8\ expands significantly.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.129-140
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• 2021

Objective : This study evaluated the differences between the upper and lower arm activities of the affected and non-affected sides in stroke patients performing activities of daily living. It was intended to gather basic data for the measurement of daily activities. Methods : The participants in the study consisted of 20 patients, 10 had left hemiplegia and 10 had right hemiplegia. Between September and November 2017, they performed drinking and dressing as unimanual and bimanual tasks. The 3-axes accelerometers were placed 2cm below the lateral epicondyle on the upper arm and 2cm below the radial styloid on the lower arm. The data were collected at intervals of 1/32 Hz and analyzed. Results : In patients with right hemiplegia, the tendon activity was significantly higher in the lower arm when performing a bimanual activity (p<.05), for all the other activities, those of the lower arm were significantly higher than those of the upper arm (p<.01, p<.05). There was no significant difference between the unimanual and bimanual activities of the affected and tendon sides in patients with left hemiplegia (p>.05). In both hands, the activity of the lower arm was significantly higher than that of the activities of the upper and lower arms, except on the affected side (p<.05). In all patients, the activities of the upper and lower arms were significantly higher (p<.05), and the activity of the lower arm was significantly higher than that of the upper (p<.001, p<.05). Conclusion : The activity was higher on the non-affected side than the affected side during the dressing task, and the overall activity was higher in the lower arm than the upper arm.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.273-284
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of upper limb, trunk, and pelvis kinematic variables on the velocity of Apkubi Momtong Baro Jireugi in Taekwondo. Method: Twenty Taekwondo Poomsae athletes (age: $20.8{\pm}2.2years$, height: $171.5{\pm}7.0cm$, body weight: $66.2{\pm}8.0kg$) participated in this study. The variables were upper limb velocity and acceleration; trunk angle, angular velocity, and angular acceleration; pelvis angle, angular velocity, and angular acceleration; and waist angle, angular velocity, and angular acceleration. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated for Jireugi velocity and kinematic variables; multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate influence on Jireugi velocity. Results: Angular trunk acceleration and linear upper arm punching acceleration had significant effects on Jireugi velocity (p<.05). Conclusion: We affirmed that angular trunk acceleration and linear upper arm punching acceleration increase the Jireugi velocity.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.672-678
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• 2008

This paper proposes a new rehabilitation robot with upper and lower limb connections for gait training. As humans change a walking speed, their nervous systems adapt muscle activation patterns to modify arm swing for the appropriate frequency. By analyzing this property, we can find a relation between arm swinging and lower limb motions. Thus, the lower limb motion can be controlled by the arm swing for walking speed adaptation according to a patent's intension. This paper deals with the design aspects of the suggested gait rehabilitation robot, including a trajectory planning and a control strategy. The suggested robot is mainly composed of upper limb and lower limb devices, a body support system. The lower limb device consists of a slider device and two 2-dof footpads to allow walking training at uneven and various terrains. The upper limb device consists of an arm swing handle and switches to use as a user input device for walking. The body support system will partially support a patient's weight to allow the upper limb motions. Finally, we showed simulation results for the designed trajectory and controller using a dynamic simulation tool.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.474-483
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• 2011

Purpose: To examine the details of lymphedema, upper limb morbidity, and its self management in women after breast cancer treatment. Methods: Using a cross-sectional survey design, 81 women were recruited from a university hospital. Lymphedema was detected by a nurse as a 2-cm difference between arm circumferences at 6 different points on the arm. Degrees of pain, stiffness, and numbness were scored using a drawing of upper limb on a 0~10 point scale. Aggravating conditions and self-management for lymphedema were also recorded. Results: The mean age of the participants was 52.5 years; the average time since breast surgery was 29.7 months. Histories of modified radical mastectomy (55%) and lymph node dissection (81%) were noted. Lymphedema was found in 59% of women, then pain and stiffness were prevalent most at upper arm while numbness was apparentat fingers, and the symptom distress scores ranged 3.9~6.7. Women experienced aggravated arm swelling after routine housework with greatly varied duration. Self-management was conservative with a wide range of times for the relief of symptoms. Conclusion: Lymphedema education for women with breast cancer should be incorporated into the oncologic nursing care system to prevent its occurrence and arm morbidity. Risk reduction guidelines, individually tailored self-care strategies, and self-awareness for early detection need to be refined in clinical nursing practices.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.82-85
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• 2014

Upper extremity replantation is relatively less commonly performed than finger or hand replantation. We have experienced one case of forearm replantation and one case of upper arm replantation. After the replantation, limb volume at the biceps brachii muscle level below the replantation level appeared to be appropriate, however, the motor function of the muscles and the sensitivity were disappointing. For replantation of forearm and upper arm, restoration of the motor function and sensitivity of the extremity below the amputation level as well as the morphologic reconstruction have to be considered.