• 한국작물학회지
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.300-307
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• 2015

잡곡의 안정적 생산체제 마련을 위한 답전윤환 최적 모델개발의 일환으로 답전윤환에 있어서 논으로부터 밭1년과 밭2년차 재배에 있어 조, 수수, 기장과 벼연속구와 논-밭-논 윤환구의 벼의 생육 및 수량특성을 조사 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조의 4품종 평균 출수소요일은 밭1년차에는 76.3일 소요되었으나, 밭2년차는 평균 70.5일 소요되어 약 6일정도 출수소요일이 짧았다. 포기당 이삭수는 밭1년차가 평균 2.2이삭이었으나, 밭2년차는 평균 3.3이삭으로 포기당 1이삭이 증가하였다. 10a 당 수량은 밭1년차가 179 kg이었으나, 밭2년차는 220.3 kg을 나타내 약 23% 증수하였다. 2. 기장 4품종의 평균 출수소요일 67일 소요되었으나, 밭2년차 기장은 평균 64.8일 소요되어 밭1년차에 비해 밭2년차가 약 2일 일찍 출수하였다. 포기당 이삭수는 밭1년차에서 4.2이삭이었던 반면 밭2년차에서는 평균 8.3이삭으로 약 4이삭이 증가하였다. 10a 당 평균수량은 밭1년차는 130.8 kg이었으나, 밭2년차는 152.8 kg으로 16.8% 증수하였다.3. 수수의 경우 5품종 평균 출수소요일은 밭1년차 68.6일 소요되었으며 밭2년차는 평균 67.4일 소요되어 큰 차이가 없었다. 수당립수는 밭1년차는 2,619.6립 이었으며, 밭2년차는 평균 2,931.6립으로 약 12% 증가하였다. 10a 당 평균 수량은 밭1년차는 231.7 kg으나, 밭2년차 평균수량은 242.3 kg으로 4.6% 증수하였다. 4. 벼연속구와 논-밭-논 윤환구에서의 벼의 생육 및 수량 특성을 보면 출수기는 차이가 없었다. 간장은 논연속구 75.6 cm에 비해서 논-밭-논 윤환구가 82.9 cm로 7.3 cm 컷으며, 수장도 논연속구에 비해 논-밭-논 윤환구가 1 cm 컷다. 포기당 이삭수는 논연속구가 20.7이삭, 논-밭-논 윤환구는 25.0이삭으로 논연속 윤환구에 비해 윤환구가 4.3 이삭 많았다. 10a당 수량은 논연속구가 479.9 kg, 논-밭-논 윤환구는 526.8 kg으로 연속구에 비해 윤환구가 9.8% 높았다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2008

The growth and yield performance of 19 new com hybrids were evaluated. Results showed that all hybrids had a superior growth performance in the drained-paddy than in the upland field except for daeyul ${\times}$ cheongdo and hyoryeong ${\times}$ cheongdo in plant height, cheongdoyeop ${\times}$ wx-3 in tassel1ength, and cheongdo (black) ${\times}$ wx-3 in number of tassel branch. The same hybrids, except cheongdoyeop ${\times}$ wx-3, obtained lower ear quality in drained-paddy field compared to upland in terms of ear weight, and ear and grain setting length. The highest yield in the drained-paddy and upland fields was obtained in the hybrids ks5wx ${\times}$ ks6wx ${\times}$ cheongdo (1,633.3kg ${\cdot}$ $10a^{-1}$) and daeyul ${\times}$ wx-3 (1,516.7kg ${\cdot}$ $10a^{-1}$), respectively. Highest yield among the wx-3 crosses was obtained in daeyul which was 1,583.3kg ${\cdot}$ $10a^{-1}$ and 1,516.7kg ${\cdot}$ $10a^{-1}$ in drained-paddy and upland field, respectively. For the crosses of wx-8, highest yields were recorded in the cultivar bugye50 (1,466.7kg ${\cdot}$ $10a^{-1}$) and seokgu12 (1,384.6kg ${\cdot}$ $10a^{-1}$) for drained-paddy and upland field, respectively. In the case of cheongdo, highest yields were obtained in ks5wx ${\times}$ ks6wx (1,633.3kg ${\cdot}$ $10a^{-1}$) and seokgu14 (1,111.1kg ${\cdot}$ $10a^{-1}$) for drained-paddy and upland field, respectively. Result also showed that the drained-paddy soil had better physicochemical properties than the upland. The relatively high performance in terms of growth parameters and yield of com hybrids planted in the drained-paddy field is in agreement with the higher organic matter and micro-element content of drained-paddy field.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.109-121
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• 2020

Converting the agricultural land-use of rice field to upland has been increasingly conducted as farmers encourages themselves to grow higher value-added crops on rice fields under the policy support. Comparing to rice field, Upland shows different characteristic of discharge due to the slope, scale, and shape of field and characteristics of rainfall event. In this study, we designed the experiment fields reflecting flat-upland characteristics with different land scale, and tried to collect the discharge and load data. Soybeans and corn were selected as target crops considering the possibility of large-scale cultivation and crop demand. The cultivation was conducted during the growth period in 2019 with 3 different field scales. Hence, we have collected the discharge data from 17 rainfall events and the load data for 8 rainfall events. As a result, the magnitude of rainfall events and the discharge duration were found to have a strong positive correlation and field discharge occurred during the period by 55% to 83% of rainfall duration. Besides we found other relationships and characteristics of rainfall event, discharge, and pollutant load and also pointed out that continuous monitoring and more data are required to derive statistically significant results. Compared with slope-field monitoring data obtained from the precedent research, the runoff ratio of the flat-fields was significantly lower than slope-fields. Overall the discharge in the slop and flat-fields shows appreciably different characteristics so that the related researches need to be further conducted to reasonably assess environmental impact of agricultural activities at flat-field.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.352-352
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• 2017

Recently, the South Korean government encourages the cultivation of upland crops in the paddy field to maintain an adequate level of rice production and then to balance the demand and supply of rice. This is mainly because the rice consumption per capita per year has continued to decline from 135 kg in 1979 to 61.9 kg in 2016, although the rice production was relatively stable. As a result, the rice overproduction became a big social problem. As a part of that, various upland crops such as soybean, maize, minor cereals and forage crops are planted in the paddy field 10 years ago. The cultivation of these crops may settle the problem of short supply and mass import of the crops to some extent. However, a systematic remote observation of upland crops in the paddy field is very scarce. This study investigated the cultivation status of upland crops and any changes of crop harvesting in the paddy field by using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Also, we analyzed the kind of upland crops and cultivation area in the paddy field by utilizing time series observation images. A fixed wing UAV is used for the investigation. This is because it is easy to use the flight operation and to control flight management software, and it can automatically cope with various emergency states such as a strong wind and battery discharge. The material of UAV is expanded polypropylene, which has an advantage of less equipment damage and risk during takeoff and landing. We acquired observed images in Buljeong-myeon, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea by using fixed wing UAV in 2015 and 2016. The total investigated area reaches 6,045 ha, and among them the agricultural area was 1,377 ha. For the next step, we created an orthoimage from all images taken using Pix 4D mapper program. According to the results of image analyses in 2015, the paddy field covered total 577 ha (75.9%) with crop plant. The cultivation area of beans, ginseng, maize, tobacco and peach was 256 ha (36.6%), 63 ha (9.2%), 37 ha (5.4%), 31 ha (4.5%) and 27 ha (3.8), respectively. And in 2016, the total covered area was 586 ha (77.1%), and it was comprised of 253 ha (35.5%), 88 ha (12.3%), 29 ha (4.1%), 22 ha (3.1%) and 32 ha (4.5%) in the same order. In this study, we focused on identifying the paddy field which was converted to the cultivation of upland crops by using UAV. And, it has been indicated that the cultivation area of rice decreased from 141 ha in 2015 to 127 ha in 2016, although that of ginseng increased by 25 ha. As a result, it is expected that a lot of paddy field could be replaced by high-income crops such as ginseng and fruit tree (peach) instead of relative low-income rice. More specific and widespread research on the remote sensing in the paddy field needs to be done.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2017

Recently, agricultural lands have decreased sharply, which was caused by huge housing site, urbanization, land consolidation, and road construction etc. In particular, Yangju city near Seoul city has the most severe land use change in Korea. Therefore, we analyzed changes of land use, soil properties, and soil information in order to provide the basic soil information and soil management practices in this city. The area of crop cultivated land in Korea (2015) reduced by 12,090 ha compared to ones from the previous year (2014). The paddy field decreased by 25,421 ha but, upland field increased by 13,331 ha. One of the reasons for the reduction of the paddy field was converting paddy field to upland (20,916 ha) > others (3,056) > building (2,571) > public facilities (847) > idle land (217). But, reasons for increase of upland field were switching paddy to upland (20,916 ha) > land developed (634). The main reason of converting paddy field to upland was changing from rice to more profitable speciality crops or pulses. The cropland area (paddy fields, upland, orchard) of Yangju city reduced by 1,412 ha (2015/2014). The ratio of cropland area in each city reduced by 22.9% dramatically compared 2015 to 1999. The paddy fields located in alluvial plains in Yangju city were changed into upland or green house. The drainage classes of soil have been deteriorated because the flows of water were intercepted by road construction and other disturbance to water flows. In particular, paddy fields have been changed to not only upland, orchard, greenhouse cultivation but also to fallow and soil dressing on paddy in Yangju city. To analyze result of soil survey of Yangju city, 858 soil codes (soil phases) were used and the area was 105.17ha. The number of soil series increased from 60 to 65, and that of soil phase increased from 105 to 124. The largest increased area was Noegog soil series. 125.7ha of Neogog soil series was incorporated from the existing Sachon, Yecheon and Eungog soil series. The soil suitability class of paddy field in Ogjung huge housing site of Yangju city was the 4th grade for 32.6% of the area. The soil suitability classes of upland were 2nd and 3rd grade for 72.4% of the area. Farm land with high quality should be conserved by related law.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: The closed chamber method is the most commonly used for measuring greenhouse gas emissions from upland fields. This method has the advantages of being simple, easily available and economical. However, uncertainty estimation is essential for accurate assessment of greenhouse gas emissions and verification of emission reductions. The nitrous oxide emissions from upland field is very important for the nitrogen budget in the agriculture sectors. Although assessment of uncertainty components affecting nitrous oxide emission from upland field is necessary to take account of dispersion characteristics, research on these uncertainty components is very rare to date. This study aims at elucidation of influencing factors on measurement uncertainty of nitrous oxide concentrations measured by an automated open closed chamber method from upland field. METHODS AND RESULTS: The nitrous oxide sampling system is located in the upland field in Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services (37°13'22"N, 127°02'22"E). The primary measurement uncertainty components influencing nitrous oxide concentrations (influencing factors) investigated in this research are repeatability, reproducibility and calibration in the aspects of nitrous oxide sampling and analytical instrumentation. The magnitudes of the relative standard uncertainty of each influencing factor are quantified and compared. CONCLUSION: Results of this study show what influencing factors are more important in determination of nitrous oxide concentrations measured using the automated open closed chambers located in the monitoring site. Quantifying the measurement uncertainty of the nitrous oxide concentrations in this study would contribute to improving measurement quality of nitrous oxide fluxes.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.16-26
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• 2023

Although the upland field area of Korea is high as 44.8%, the platform optimized for the upland field is insufficient. It is necessary to develop an optimized platform for the upland field because the upland field environment is an irregular environment with many slopes. In addition, due to the characteristic of agricultural operations, the traction power and torque of the platform have to be sufficient. Therefore, in this study, a simulation model that can predict the traction power and driving torque of a crawler-type platform for the upland field was developed and validated using the specifications of the crawler platform. The simulation model was developed using Amesim (19.1, Siemens, Germany). The development of the model was conducted using the specifications of the platform. A measurement system was developed to validate the simulation model. The traction power data of the simulation model was validated with the traction force and vehicle speed. The driving torque data of the simulation model was validated with the torque of the sprocket on the crawler system. As a result of the analysis, the error between measurement and simulation results occurred within 10%, and it was determined that the traction power and driving torque prediction of the crawler platform using this model was possible.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.48-52
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• 2006

Naturally occurring soybean isoflavones are known to be influenced by various genetic and environmental conditions. Growth, yield, and isoflavone content were determined in four different cultivars of soybean grown under drained paddy and upland fields. Most of growth characteristics and yield components of four different soybean cultivars harvested in drained paddy field were greater than those in upland field, regardless of cultivar. By means of high performance liquid chromatography, total daidzein and genistein contents of soybean in drained paddy field were increased up to 40 and 35%, respectively, compared with those in drained paddy field. Besides isoflavone contents, the growth and yield of soybean were significantly affected by cultivar and field conditions, indicating the necessity of genetic program for soybean cultivars appropriate to drained paddy field conditions. In conclusion, converting paddy field into upland may effectively improve soybean cropping system, especially in terms of isoflavone increment under paddy field conditions.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to compare concentrations of nutrients such as total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen ($NO_3$-N) total phosphorous (TP), and phosphate phosphorous ($PO_4$-P) in groundwater under paddy and upland fields, and surface water recharging from a rural mixed land-use watershed. Chinese cabbage and hot pepper were cultivated on the upland field plot. The TN concentrations in upland groundwater showed double peaks (4.7, 4.3 mg/L, respectively) in April 2009 shortly after fertilizer application, indicating that TN concentrations are greatly influenced by fertilization. However, the TN concentrations in paddy groundwater were always lower than 2.0 mg/L irrespective of fertilization. Whereas the mean concentrations of TN and $NO_3$-N in upland groundwater significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in surface water, the mean concentrations of TP and $PO_4$-P in upland groundwater were significantly lower than those in surface water. On the other hand, the mean concentrations of TN, $NO_3$-N, TP and $PO_4$-P in paddy groudwater were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those in surface water. The TN concentrations in upland groundwater were generally higher than those in surface water during early April to early December due to the effect of fertilization, but vice versa in the other periods. In contrast, the TP concentrations in upland groundwater were always lower than those in surface water due to the sorption of inorganic phosphorous by soil. Moreover, the TN and TP concentrations in paddy groundwater were always lower than those in surface water, and therefore paddy groundwater may dilute nutrient concentrations in surface water when paddy groundwater and surface water mix.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.23-23
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• 2022

Recently, soybean production and market price are unstable, even if demand of soybean is maintained. Diverse conditions such as climate change, a decrease in rural population, and consuming affect food industry. In this situation, food security is soaring as important key-word again, and MAFRA is promoting policies for improving soybean self-sufficiency with the goal of 40% until 2030. The point of policy is to extend a production and stabilize a demand for soybean with supporting large-scale soybean paddy-field complex. According to the background, soybean breeding and production research in NICS are proceeded with three parts. First, production improvement with soybean cultivation land enlargement and high-yield cultivar development. Various growth period soybean cultivars for double cropping, irrigation management technologies in paddy field, and hyper-yield and specific-region adaptable cultivar development. Second, reduction of production expense with mechanized cultivation and digital-based field management technologies. Third, consumer-friendly and high quality soybeans with high protein cultivar for alternative protein usage and high food process-ability for soy milk, tofu, soybean sprouts, and grain usage. Each part need to be combined and advanced to improve soybean industry and soybean self-sufficiency.