• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8491-8494
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• 2016

Purpose: To compare unsatisfactory rates and detection of abnormal cervical cytology between conventional cytology or Papanicolaou smear (CC) and liquid-based cytology (LBC). Materials and Methods: A total of 23,030 cases of cervical cytology performed at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital during 2012-2013 were reviewed. The percentage unsatisfactory and detection rates of abnormal cytology were compared between CC and LBC methods. Results: There was no difference in unsatisfactory rates between CC and LBC methods (0.1% vs. 0.1%, p = 0.84). The detection rate for squamous cell abnormalities was significantly higher with the LBC method (7.7% vs. 11.5%, p < 0.001), but those for overall abnormal glandular epithelium were similar (0.4% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.13). Low grade squamous lesion (ASC-US and LSIL) were more frequently detected by the LBC method (6.1% vs. 9.5%, p < 0.001). However, there was no difference in high gradd squamous lesions (1.1% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.95). When comparing between types of glandular abnormality, there was no significant difference the groups. Conclusions: There was no difference in unsatisfactory rates between the conventional smear and LBC. However, LBC could detect low grade squamous cell abnormalities more than CC, while there were similar rates of detection of high grade squamous cell lesions and glandular cell abnormalities.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Health Promotion Conference
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• 1998.07a
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• pp.11-12
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• 1998

The health status of a population is usually measured by mortality such as crude dealth rate, cause-specific mortality rate, infant mortality rate and life expectancy. However, these indices based upon mortality (i.e., quantity of life) are increasingly unsatisfactory to assess health status, especially in an aging society. In this presentation, I will discuss the followings as regards quality of life (QOL) in health science.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.195-203
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• 2018

With the explosion of SNS(social network services) users, the social commerce market has emerged as a new consumer market, and will continue to grow in recent years. Despite the market environment, however, studies are lacking as to the causes of frustration that are hurting social commerce activation. This study is based on the 'Hezbollah' 2 Factor Theory and is a study of social commerce users' satisfaction and frustration factors. For this purpose, social commerce site characteristics and user characteristics were first derived from interviews and literature reviews to confirm their relationship to satisfaction and dissatisfied products. The results showed that the price discount rate, diversity, regional infrastructure, and e-commerce familiarity resulted in the impact on the definition of satisfaction, while the price discount rate, interoperability and innovation resulted in the definition of unsatisfactory goods. It also showed that satisfaction affects the definition of intended use. In particular, the price discount rate was found to be the only factor affecting the definition of unsatisfactory as well as affecting the definition of satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.28-37
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• 1984

The purpose of this study is to propose the baseline data for developing the stress measurement tool for staff nurses working in the hospital. Two hundred and fifteen stan nurses in Seoul National University Hospital were participated during the period from Feb. 28 to Mar. 10, 1984. Though the pretest and literature review a questionnaire was constructed with 63 stressors which were experienced by the nurses in the hospital. Subjects were given instruction to rate 1∼6 likert type scale according to the level of stress experienced by each stressor described. Reliability of the tool was tested by Cronbach's Alpha, and the result was α=0.94871. Factor analysis was applied to organize 63 items together. As the result, 15 factors were obtained and these factors explained 66.3% of variance. The 15 factors were: 1) Work overload 2) Role conflict as a profession 3) Lack of professional knowledge and skill 4) Interpersonal problem 5) Conflict in nurse doctor relationship 6) Work conflict with doctors 7) Emotional burden due to the limitation of medicine 8) Poor treatment 9) Unsatisfactory relationship with supervisor 10) Low reward 11) Unsatisfactory relationship with subordinate 12) Poor physical environment of unit 13）Responsibility for extra affairs 14）Unfamiliar situation 15）Night duty.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3101-3103
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• 2016

Background: According to the most recent estimation of GLOBOCAN, Cambodia has the highest incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer in Southeast Asia. A screen-and-treat strategy using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA test) and cryotherapy has been implemented in Cambodia's national cervical cancer screening program since 2013. However, where resources are available, cervical cytology with or without high-risk HPV DNA testing is the preferred screening method used in this country. Aim: This study aims to calculate the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology and explain the possible factors contributing to a reduced quality of cervical cytology among women participating in a hospital-based cervical cancer screening program in Cambodia. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted using information from the cytology and pathology database in the Department of Pathology of Calmette Hospital between January 2012 and December 2015. Prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology, based on the Bethesda 2001 classification, was calculated. Data on the adequacy of cytological specimens were analyzed in order to explain the factors contributing to a reduced quality of cervical cytology interpretation. Results: Among 6,207 women who participated in the cervical cancer screening program at Calmette Hospital during 2012 and 2015, 388 (6.25%) had abnormal cytology, which could be classified into Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (92 cases; 1.48%), Atypical Squamous Cells - Cannot Exclude High-Grade Intraepithelial Lesion (13 cases; 0.21%), Atypical Glandular Cells (11 cases; 0.18%), Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (221 cases; 3.56%), High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (26 cases; 0.42%), and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (25 cases; 0.40%). Unsatisfactory smears made up 12.2% of the total cases. The most frequently identified factor leading to unsatisfactory smears was the absence of cells from the transformation zone. Conclusions: The present study showed an overall prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology of 6.25%, which is comparable to that in many large population-based studies in the Asia Pacific region. Nevertheless, the remarkably high rate of unsatisfactory smears in this study justifies further improvement in specimen sampling among Cambodian gynecologists.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1399-1409
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• 1999

It is known that previous models are unsatisfactory in predicting adverse pressure gradient turbulent flows. In the present paper, a revised low Reynolds number $k-{\varepsilon}$ model is proposed. In this model, a newly developed term is added lo the dissipation rate equation. In order to reflect appropriate effects for an adverse pressure gradient. The added tenn is derived by considering the distribution of mean velocity and turbulent properties in the turbulent flow with, adverse pressure gradient. The new $k-{\varepsilon}$ model was applied to calculations of flat plate flow with adverse pressure gradient, conical diffuser flow and backward facing step flow. It was found that the three numerical results showed better agreement than other models compared with DNS results and experimental ones.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.44-50
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• 1993

This paper has concentrated on estimating the improvement of sludge dewaterability for the application of ozone in sewage treatment plant sludge. The experiment for the study was conducted by batch reactor, contacting ozone (5.0 g O$_3$/hr/l) to waste sludge and measured the Specific Resistance to Filtrate (SRF) varying pH, pressure and reaction time of ozone. And then checked the dissolved solids concentration of flitrate. The results of experiment were as follows: 1. When the total solids concentration of excess sludge was 9, 000 mg/l, the optimum injection rate of ozone was 5.0 g O$_3$/hr/l, and then pressure was 50 cm Hg for the measuring SRF. 2. In the range of pH 3~5, the effect of ozone injection was excellent, but it was unsatisfactory in the range of pH 9~11. Therefore, the ozone injection by acidifying pH level was effective in improving the dewaterability of sludge. 3. It was estimated that the dissolved solids concentration of flitrate was increased in proportion to the injection rate of ozone.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.178-185
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• 2013

As computer technology continues to develop, computer networks are now widely used. As a result, there are many new intrusion types appearing and information security is becoming increasingly important. Although there are many kinds of intrusion detection systems deployed to protect our modern networks, we are constantly hearing reports of hackers causing major disruptions. Since existing technologies all have some disadvantages, we utilize algorithms, such as the fuzzy C-means (FCM) and the support vector machine (SVM) algorithms to improve these technologies. Using these two algorithms alone has some disadvantages leading to a low classification accuracy rate. In the case of FCM, self-adaptability is weak, and the algorithm is sensitive to the initial value, vulnerable to the impact of noise and isolated points, and can easily converge to local extrema among other defects. These weaknesses may yield an unsatisfactory detection result with a low detection rate. We use a genetic algorithm (GA) to help resolve these problems. Our experimental results show that the combined GA and FCM algorithm's accuracy rate is approximately 30% higher than that of the standard FCM thereby demonstrating that our approach is substantially more effective.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.78-87
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• 1996

The results of treatment of eighteen lesions of fibrous dysplasia which of them seventeen lesions were treated with surgery were reviewed at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital. We studied to evaluate the functional clinical results and the recurrence according to the type of disease, grafted bone, methods of treatment and location of lesion. We treated sixteen patients(five males and eleven females) and their mean age was 22.6 years. There was no association with skin pigmentation or dysfunction of endocrine system. Twelve patients had a monostotic pattern and four patients had a polyostotic pattern. Twelve lesions were treated with curettage and bone grafting and four lesions in the proximal femur were treated by internal fixation with curettage and bone grafting. One lesion was treated by en-bloc resection. There were eleven satisfactory results in twelve monostotic lesions and there were four satisfactory results in five polyostotic lesions, but the recurrence were four cases, respectively. The two unsatisfactory results were seen in two patients treated by autografting, but there were three recurrence of four lesions in autografting only, one of five in autografting and allografting, four of eight in allgrafting or xenografting. Four of six lesions in upper extremity were recurred after curettage and bone grafting and five of them showed satisfactory results. In pelvic and lower extremity lesions, the recurrence were occurred in two lesions after curettage and bone grafting and in two lesions after internal fixation and bone grafting. The recurrence does not always provide an unsatisfactory functional results and the recurrence showed higher rate in radiologic pattern of ground glass appearance with-out marginal sclerotic rim, but the recurrence according to grafted bone showed similar rates. Curettage and bone grafting is adequate for a symptomatic lesion and firm internal fixation is needed for a lesion in proximal femur. In use of grafted bone, xenograft or allograft may be preferable to autograft because of the disadvantage of autografting like a increased blood loss, prolonged operation times, etc.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.109-119
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• 2003

This paper has examined a resident's feeling of satisfaction on residential environment. It has searched a policy direction to improve the quality of residential environment with three models in which what factors have an influence on the resident's feeling of satisfaction is evaluated. First, when the residents were asked why they chose lease APT, Low price was answered the most between two populations. Second, with regard to the feeling of satisfaction by categories, both populations showed similar results. The social prejudice on lease APT such as disadvantage on their children and unfavorable surroundings that has been engraved in people's mind about lease APT for a long time was never an issue any more. Third, when the two populations were examined by regression analysis with three models in terms of what factors had an effect on the feeling of satisfaction, there was no big difference in each effect of variables. Internal environment was a key variable for lease APT while external environment was a core variable for the APT that is converted into installment sale. In order to enhance the feeling of satisfaction on residential environment for lease APT residents, high quality turned out the most important factor between both populations, and then a loan with low interest rate and high average standard of APT followed. As unsatisfactory items, low cultural level, slowness in repairing works, and unsatisfactory finishing work were pointed out with regard to the low quality of internal facilities. In general, it turned out that the APT that was converted into installment sale was more preferable than lease APT. As known in this analysis, housing supply policy needs to be focused on quality and high average standard of APT should be achieved for the working classes.