• Health Policy and Management
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.94-124
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• 2007

This paper critically reviews three decades of research on geographic variations. in health services utilization in the United States, thereby drawing policy and research implications for Korea. The recent renewed interest in variations research in the United States, precipitated by studies on regional variations in Medicare expenditures, stems mainly from the policy implication that a substantial amount of Medicare expenditures could be saved without compromising quality and access. From the research perspective, this policy implication was made tenable by integrating micro- and macro-level analysis of variations in health services utilization. Still, theoretical limitations inherent in the research pose great challenges to developing effective strategies at the health system level. Variations research in the United States can serve as a case study as to how health services research has responded to efficiency and quality issues in an ever expanding health system Considering the current health policy and research environment in Korea, the following implications can be drawn. Variations research will help formulate a national policy agenda for health care quality and also advance the framework of approaches to health policy issues. For such purposes, both relevant descriptive and hypothesis-testing studies are needed. Further advancement in variations research will require interdisciplinary explorations and methodological sophistication. To the extent that Korean health policies will strive to achieve complex goals, variations research will increasingly prove to be useful.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2004

The United States has a unique health care system, which is unlikely any other health care systems in the world. The major part of basic functional components of the system -financing, insurance, delivery, and payment- is in private hands. A market-oriented economy invites the participation of numerous private entities that are interested in carrying out the key functions of health systems. Due to this central feature, U.S.health care is not delivered through a network of interrelated components designed to work together coherently. For lack of standardization, the various components of the system fit together only loosely. The involvement of numerous players in the key functions leads to duplication, overlap, inadequacy, inconsistency, and waste, which add to the complexity and also make the system inefficient. Hence, cost containment remains an elusive goals. Moreover, the system falls short of delivering equitable services to all americans, though consumption of health care services is the largest in the world. On the other hand, United States leads the world in the latest and the best in medical technology, medical training, and research. It offers some of the most sophisticated institutions, products, and processes of health care delivery. This article discuss the characteristic features of the U.S. health care system. and its performance, trying to seek its implication on Korean health care system.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.5-21
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• 2020

Purpose: This study compared visiting nursing services of Denmark, Sweden, Japan, and the United States to provide baseline data for the development of models for community care nursing services in South Korea. Methods: A review of the literature was performed that include journal articles, government reports, institutional reports, and national/international statistics. Site visits were performed to explore the visiting nursing services of Denmark. Results: Government centered visiting nursing services were provided in Denmark and Sweden mostly by public organizations, while private services prevailed in the United States and Japan. Nursing services included case management or care coordination services, while nurse practitioners or nurse specialists provided visiting nursing services in all of the four countries and the services were provided 24 hour a day. Conclusions: Based on the review of visiting nursing services in foreign countries, the development of models is needed to provide integrated visiting nursing services in Korea that encompass home care nursing, visiting nursing, and visiting health care services.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.287-295
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• 2015

Due to the latest agreement between the military authorities of the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the United States (US) of America, Korea's annual contribution to the budget of the United States Forces Korea (USFK) rose as high as close to 1 trillion won. This seemingly prohibitive amount has led to the questioning of military critics regarding determination criteria, wholesomeness of cost, alignment of incentives, and implementational transparency, etc. As these sources of mistrust can potentially undermine the congruence of alliance, we attempt to devise a scientific means to test the validity of Korea's budget contribution. Specifically, we use the real options approach (ROA) to estimating the interval of the fair prices of maintaining the USFK. We consider the USFK as an insurance against foreign incursions, and this enables us to assume their role as a put option. Upon a hypothetical war breakout, the daily cumulative size of the Korean economy is estimated by implementing the simulated loss ratios of assets and population. As a result, the strategic value (put premium) of the USFK is exponentially higher the sooner the US forces are augmented following an intrusion. Also, Korea's payments toward the USFK in 2011 and 2012 appear theoretically fairly valued.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2007

Purpose: A national long-term care system for elderly and the disabled has its unique evolution in each country. Japan, Germany and the United States may be the typical examples of respective social insurance system. This paper reviews the counterpart examples of Japan, Germany and the United States and looks at their accumulated long-term care system experiences and personal care system under workers' compensation. Methods: Literature review and website searching were conducted. Key words as 'workers' compensation insurance', 'personal care benefit' and 'long term care' were used in searching the related literatures. Results: Though the personal care benefit under current Workers'Compensation in Korea is very similar to Japan's, the long-term care system of Korea is not as well established. Germany and the United States have the provision of personal care benefit for injured workers within long term care system. Conclusions: We recommend some key issues to take into account for improving personal care benefit system in workers' compensation in Korea as follows: providing a comprehensive coverage through the linkage of long term care, introducing an assessment & evaluation system for the appropriate benefits, establishing insurer's role for quality management of personal care service, and developing a policy for family caregivers.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.149-154
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• 2012

This paper presents a summary of the state of the practice for Performance Based Seismic Design (PBSD) in the United States. While it is not included in the prescriptive provisions of the United States' building codes, the PBSD procedure has been successfully implemented for two decades. The recent publication of the Guidelines for Performance-Based Seismic Design of Tall Buildings by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) illustrates the fact that the engineering community has embraced this procedure and provides a thoughtful set of recommendations to building designers who intend to implement PBSD. The key parameters currently required for a PBSD also are outlined, such as seismic hazard definition, modeling procedures, and acceptance criteria. These Guidelines will serve as the basis for many PBSD projects in the coming years and as such are a common reference used throughout this paper. Finally, a brief summation of recent PBSD projects in the United States is presented.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.715-724
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• 2007

홍화 (Carthamus tinctorius)는 오래 전부터 각종 감염성 질환이나 암을 치료하는데 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 최근 각종 천연산물에 사람과 동물의 건강을 증진시키는 효과가 있는 것이 밝혀지면서, 홍화의 면역조절 효과에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으나 이에 대한 과학적 자료가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 홍화의 면역 조절 활성을 확인하기 위해 수행되었으며, 면역능 실험을 위해 주로 이용되는 실험용 닭(White Leghorn chickens)에게 홍화잎을 첨가한 실험식이를 3주간 급여한 후 관련 요인들을 분석하였다. 실험 결과, 홍화잎을 섭취한 실험동물에서 비장 면역세포의 증식이 많았고, $Y{\delta}$-TCR+ 세포의 비율이 높아졌으며, 십이지장에서는 IFN-Y, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15 및 NK-lysin 같은 사이토카인의 발현이 높아졌다. 따라서, 홍화잎은 식이와 함께 급여하였을 때 면역 증강 효과가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 홍화잎을 이용한 각종 제품 개발이 기대된다.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.453-463
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• 2014

Environmental education contents in science textbooks of South Korea and the United States were compared and analyzed in order to find how to develop environmental education in elementary science education. McGraw-Hill science textbooks for third to sixth grade and science textbooks of Korea based on the 2009 Revised National Curriculum and the 2007 Revised National Curriculum were analyzed and compared. The categories were educational goals, kinds of contents, distributions of contents and tense. The result showed that the environmental education goals in science textbook of Korea and United States were biased to knowledge area. The educational contents of the United States was higher 2.5 times then Korea and distributed in all areas. In quantitative distributions in Korea were biased some special areas. Tense of educational contents were almost present. Attitudes and recognition of students varies gradually over a long period of time, the contents of environmental education will be useful "evenly distributed" for all areas and school year.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.44
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• pp.209-231
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• 2001

Recently, child abuse is mentioned in revised Child Welfare Law, on the other hand, elder abuse is not yet recognized as a social problem and little addressed in the field of social service. Like this, elder abuse has gotten less public and professional attention than other areas within the family abuse field. Despite the lack of attention to elder abuse, the number of elder abuse reports and incidents is likely to increase in the future. Based on the recognition that current effort and approach to elder abuse is not appropriate, this study attemped to briefly review laws and programs addressing elder abuse in the United States which have shaped in other contries. In the United States where various laws and programs that address elder abuse exit, there are incresing arguments that addressing elder abuse in the area of social service rather than in the criminal justice systems is more desirable. Because the most common form of elder abuse is not physical abuse but neglect including self-neglect. Self-neglect and neglect caused by caregivers' burden can not be addressed through criminal justice systems appropriately. From these experiences of the United States, the implications for policy, programs, and practice aimed at intervening elder abuse were discussed.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.102-122
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• 2022

From 2018 to 2020, the United States has repeatedly imposed sanctions on the Chinese company Huawei, which has triggered strong nationalist sentiments on the Chinese Internet. This paper is a qualitative content analysis of Zhihu netizens' views on US sanctions against Huawei to explore how anti-Western centrism influences young people's narratives. The results showed that they believe the Huawei matter is a deliberate hegemonic act by the United States because it fears the decline of its own technological status. Moreover, it is direct evidence that the United States is deliberately destroying China's economic development environment to slow down China's rise, as well as a typical manifestation of the injustice of the liberal international order. A further analysis revealed that their narrative logic is obviously influenced by the following aspects: 1) The mentality of national glory derived from comprehensive national strength leads them to believe that U.S. sanctions against Huawei are an obstacle to China's rise. 2) National humiliation leads them to view U.S. sanctions as a constant insult to China. 3) China's superiority created by China's comprehensive national strength and its scientific and technological achievements in recent years has boosted its confidence to challenge the West's absolute progress. This study examines the impact of anti-Western centrism on Chinese nationalist sentiment and offers a bottom-level perspective on the debate over the crisis of the liberal order.