• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.173-198
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to research on the liability for the space damage and the settlement of the dispute with reference to the space activity under the international space treaty and national space law of Korea. The United Nations has adopted five treaties relating to the space activity as follows: The Outer Space Treaty of 1967, the Rescue and Return Agreement of 1968, the Liability Convention of 1972, the Registration Convention of 1974, and the Moon Treaty of 1979. All five treaties have come into force. Korea has ratified above four treaties except the Moon Treaty. Korea has enacted three national legislations relating to space development as follows: Aerospace Industry Development Promotion Act of 1987, Outer Space Development Promotion Act of 2005, Outer Space Damage Compensation Act of 2008. The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 regulates the international responsibility for national activities in outer space, the national tort liability for damage by space launching object, the national measures for dispute prevention and international consultation in the exploration and use of outer space, the joint resolution of practical questions by international inter-governmental organizations in the exploration and use of outer space. The Liability Convention of 1972 regulates the absolute liability by a launching state, the faulty liability by a launching state, the joint and several liability by a launching state, the person claiming for compensation, the claim method for compensation, the claim period of compensation, the claim for compensation and local remedy, the compensation amount for damage by a launching state, the establishment of the Claims Commission. The Outer Space Damage Compensation Act of 2008 in Korea regulates the definition of space damage, the relation of the Outer Space Damage Compensation Act and the international treaty, the non-faulty liability for damage by a launching person, the concentration of liability and recourse by a launching person, the exclusion of application of the Product Liability Act, the limit amount of the liability for damage by a launching person, the cover of the liability insurance by a launching person, the measures and assistance by the government in case of occurring the space damage, the exercise period of the claim right of compensation for damage. The Liability Convention of 1972 should be improved as follows: the problem in respect of the claimer of compensation for damage, the problem in respect of the efficiency of decision by the Claims Commission. The Outer Space Damage Compensation Act of 2008 in Korea should be improved as follows: the inclusion of indirect damage into the definition of space damage, the change of currency unit of the limit amount of liability for damage, the establishment of joint and several liability and recourse right for damage by space joint launching person, the establishment of the Space Damage Compensation Review Commission. The 1998 Final Draft Convention on the Settlement of Disputes Related to Space Activities of 1998 by ILA regulates the binding procedure and non-binding settlement procedure for the disputes in respect of space activity. The non-binding procedure regulates the negotiation or the peaceful means and compromise for dispute settlement. The binding procedure regulates the choice of a means among the following means: International Space Law Court if it will be established, International Court of Justice, and Arbitration Court. The above final Draft Convention by ILA will be a model for the innovative development in respect of the peaceful settlement of disputes with reference to space activity and will be useful for establishing the frame of practicable dispute settlement. Korea has built the space center at Oinarodo, Goheung Province in June 2009. Korea has launched the first small launch vehicle KSLV-1 at the Naro Space Center in August 2009 and June 2010. In Korea, it will be the possibility to be occurred the problems relating to the international responsibility and dispute settlement, and the liability for space damage in the course of space activity. Accordingly the Korean government and launching organization should make the legal and systematic policy to cope with such problems.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2014년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.27-28
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• 2014

Beauveria bassiana (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) is an anamorphic fungus having a potential to be used as a biological control agent because it parasitizes a wide range of arthropod hosts including termites, aphids, beetles and many other insects. A number of bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs) have been isolated from B. bassiana and functionally verified. Among them, beauvericin and bassianolide are cyclic depsipeptides with antibiotic and insecticidal effects belonging to the enniatin family. Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) play a crucial role in the synthesis of these secondary metabolites. NRPSs are modularly organized multienzyme complexes in which each module is responsible for the elongation of proteinogenic and non-protein amino acids, as well as carboxyl and hydroxyacids. A minimum of three domains are necessary for one NRPS elongation module: an adenylation (A) domain for substrate recognition and activation; a tholation (T) domain that tethers the growing peptide chain and the incoming aminoacyl unit; and a condensation (C) domain to catalyze peptide bond formation. Some of the optional domains include epimerization (E), heterocyclization (Cy) and oxidation (Ox) domains, which may modify the enzyme-bound precursors or intermediates. In the present study, we analyzed genomes of B. bassiana and its allied species in Hypocreales to verify the distribution of NRPS-encoding genes involving biosynthesis of beauvericin and bassianolide, and to unveil the evolutionary processes of the gene clusters. Initially, we retrieved completely or partially assembled genomic sequences of fungal species belonging to Hypocreales from public databases. SM biosynthesizing genes were predicted from the selected genomes using antiSMASH program. Adenylation (A) domains were extracted from the predicted NRPS, NRPS-like and NRPS-PKS hybrid genes, and used them to construct a phylogenetic tree. Based on the preliminary results of SM biosynthetic gene prediction in B. bassiana, we analyzed the conserved gene orders of beauvericin and bassianolide biosynthetic gene clusters among the hypocrealean fungi. Reciprocal best blast hit (RBH) approach was performed to identify the regions orthologous to the biosynthetic gene cluster in the selected fungal genomes. A clear recombination pattern was recognized in the inferred A-domain tree in which A-domains in the 1st and 2nd modules of beauvericin and bassianolide synthetases were grouped in CYCLO and EAS clades, respectively, suggesting that two modules of each synthetase have evolved independently. In addition, inferred topologies were congruent with the species phylogeny of Cordycipitaceae, indicating that the gene fusion event have occurred before the species divergence. Beauvericin and bassianolide synthetases turned out to possess identical domain organization as C-A-T-C-A-NM-T-T-C. We also predicted precursors of beauvericin and bassianolide synthetases based on the extracted signature residues in A-domain core motifs. The result showed that the A-domains in the 1st module of both synthetases select D-2-hydroxyisovalerate (D-Hiv), while A-domains in the 2nd modules specifically activate L-phenylalanine (Phe) in beauvericin synthetase and leucine (Leu) in bassianolide synthetase. antiSMASH ver. 2.0 predicted 15 genes in the beauvericin biosynthetic gene cluster of the B. bassiana genome dispersed across a total length of approximately 50kb. The beauvericin biosynthetic gene cluster contains beauvericin synthetase as well as kivr gene encoding NADPH-dependent ketoisovalerate reductase which is necessary to convert 2-ketoisovalarate to D-Hiv and a gene encoding a putative Gal4-like transcriptional regulator. Our syntenic comparison showed that species in Cordycipitaceae have almost conserved beauvericin biosynthetic gene cluster although the gene order and direction were sometimes variable. It is intriguing that there is no region orthologous to beauvericin synthetase gene in Cordyceps militaris genome. It is likely that beauvericin synthetase was present in common ancestor of Cordycipitaceae but selective gene loss has occurred in several species including C. militaris. Putative bassianolide biosynthetic gene cluster consisted of 16 genes including bassianolide synthetase, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, and putative Gal4-like transcriptional regulator genes. Our synteny analysis found that only B. bassiana possessed a bassianolide synthetase gene among the studied fungi. This result is consistent with the groupings in A-domain tree in which bassianolide synthetase gene found in B. bassiana was not grouped with NRPS genes predicted in other species. We hypothesized that bassianolide biosynthesizing cluster genes in B. bassiana are possibly acquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from distantly related fungi. The present study showed that B. bassiana is the only species capable of producing both beauvericin and bassianolide. This property led to B. bassiana infect multiple hosts and to be a potential biological control agent against agricultural pests.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.86-97
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• 1978

The mobile medical service has been operated for many years by a number of medical schools and hospitals as a most convenient means of medical service delivery to the people residing in such area where the geographical and socioeconomic conditions are not good enough to enjoy modern medical care. Despite of official appraisal showing off simply with numbers of outpatients treated and medical persons participated, however, as well recognized, the capability (in respect of budget, equipment and time) of those mobile medical teams is so limitted that it often discourages the recipients as well as medical participants themselves. In the midst of rising need to secure medical service of good quality to all parts of the country, and of developing concept of primary health care system, authors evaluated the effectiveness of and problems associated with mobile medical servies program through the community diagnosis of a village (Opo-myun, Kwangju-gun) to obtain the information which may be halpful for future improvement. 1. Owing to the nationwide Sae-Maul movement powerfully practiced during last several years, living environment of farm villages generally and remarkably improved including houses, water supply and wastes disposal etc. Neverthless, due to limitations in budget time and lack of knowledge (probably the most important), these improvements tend to keep up appearances only and are far from the goal which may being practical benefit in promoting the health of the community. 2. As a result of intensive population policy led by the government since 1962, there has been considerable advances in understanding and the rate of practicing family planning through out the villages and yet, one should see many things, especially education, to be done. Fifty eight per cent of mothers have not received prenatal check and the care for most (72%) delivery was offered by laymen at home. 3. Approximately seven per cent of the population was reported to have chronic illness but since only a few (practically none) of the people has had physical check up by doctors, the actual prevalence of chronic diseases may reach many times of the reported. The same fact was observed also in prevalence of tuberculosis; the patients registered at local health center totaled 31 comprising only 0.51% while the numbers in two neighboring villages (designated as demonstration area of tuberculosis control and mass examination was done recently) were 3.5 and 4.0% respectively. Prevalence rate of all dieseses and injuries expereinced during one month (July, 1977) was 15.8%. Only one tenth of those patients received treatment by physicians and one fifth was not treated at all. The situation was worse as for the chronic patients; 84% of all cases either have never been treated or discontinued therapy, and the main reasons were known to be financial difficulty and ignorance or indifference. 4. Among the patients treated by our mobile clinic, one third was chronic cases and 45% of all patients, by the opinion of doctors attended, were those who may be treated by specially trained nurses or other paramedics (objects of primary care). Besides, 20% of the cases required professional managements of level beyond the mobile team's capability and in this sense one may conclude that the effectiveness (performance) of present mobile medical team is quite limitted. According to above findings, the authors would like to suggest following for mobile medical service and overall medicare program for the people living in remote country side. 1. Establishment of primary health care system secured with effective communication and evacuation (between villages and local medical center) measures. 2. Nationwide enforcement of medical insurance system. 3. Simple outpatient care which now constitutes the main part of the most mobile medical services should largely be yielded up to primary health care unit of the village and the mobile team itself should be assigned on new and more urgent missions such as mass screening health examination of the villagers, health education with modern and effective audiovisual aids, professional training and consultant services for the primary health care organization.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.5-8
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• 1981

This study concerns itself with the development of a new model of comprehensive health service for rural communities of Korea. The study was conceived to resolve the problems of both underservice in rural communities and underutilization of valuable health manpower, namely the nurses, the disenchanted elite health personnel in Korea. On review of the current situation, the greatest deficiencies in the Korean health care system were found in the availability of primary care at the peripheries of md communities, in the dissemination of knowledge of disease prevention and health care, and in the induction of and guidance for active participation by the clientele in health maintenance at the personal, family and community level Abundant untapped health resources were identified that could be brough to bear upon the national effort to extend health services to every member of the Korean Population. Therefore, it was Postulated that the problem of underservice in rural communities of Korea can be structurcturally resolved by the effective mobilization and organization of untapped health resources, and that. a primary care Nursing Service System offers the best possibility for fulfillment of rural health service goals within the current health man-power situation. In order to identify appropriate strategies to combat the present difficulties in Korean rural health services and to utilize nurses and other health personnel in community-centered health programs, a search was made for examples of innovative service models throughout the world. An extensive literature survey and field visits to project sites both in Korea and in the United States were made. Experts in the field of world health, health service, planners, administrators, and medical and nursing practitioners in Korea, in the United States as well as visitors from other Asian countries were widely consulted. On the basis of information and inputs from these experts a new rural health service model has been constructed within the conceptual framework of community development, especially of the innovation diffusion Model. It is considered especially important that citizens in each community develop capacities for self-care with assistance and supports from available health professionals and participate in health service-related decisions that affect their own well-being. The proposed model is based upon the regionalization of health care planning utilizing a comprehensive Nursing Service System at the immediate delivery level The model features: (1) a health administration unit at each administrative level; (2) mechanisms for community participation; (3) a continuous source of primary health care at the local community level; (4) relative centralization of specialty care and provision of tertiary or super-specialty care only at major national metropolitan centers; and (5) a system for patient referral to the appropriate level of care. This model has been built around professional nurses as the key community health workers because their training is particularly suited and because large numbers of well-trained nurses are currently available and being trained. The special element in this model is a professional nurse-guided, self-care facilitating primary care Community Nursing Service System. This is supported by a Nursing Extension Service as a new training and support structure. (See attached diagrams). A broad spectrum of programs was proposed for the Community Nursing Service System. These were designed to establish a balance of activities between the clinic-centered individual care component and the field activity-centered educational and supportive component of health care services. Examples of possible program alternatives and proposed guidelines for health care in specific situations were presented, as well as the roles and functions of the key health personnel within the Community Nursing Service System. This Rural Health Service Model was proposed as a real alternative to the maldistributed, inequitable, uncoordinated solo-practice, physician-centered fee-for-service health care available to Koreans today.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.5-33
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• 1995

The objective of the study are two-fold: one is to explore the relationship between environment, organizational structure, and organizational effectiveness of public health centers in Korea, and the other is to examine the validity of contingency theory for improving the organizational structure of public health care agencies, with special emphasis on public health nursing administration. Accordingly, the conceptual model of the study consisted of three different concepts: environment, organizational structure, and organizational effectiveness, which were built up from the contingency theory. Data were collected during the period from 1st of May through 30th of June, 1990. From the total of 249 health centers in the country, one hundred and five centers were sampled non proportionally, according to the geopolitical distribution. Out of 105, 73 health centers responded to mailed questionnaire. The health centers were the unit of the study, and a various statistical analysis techniques were used: Reliability analysis(Cronbach's Alpha) for 4 measurement tools; Shapiro-Wilk statistic for normality test of measured scores of 6 variables: ANOVA, Pearson Correlaion analysis, regressional analysis, and canonical correlation analysis for the test of the relationships and differences between the variables. The results were. as follows : 1. No significant differences between forma lization, decision-making authority and environmental complexity were found(F=1.383, P=.24 ; F=.801, P=.37). 2. Negative relationships between formalization and decision-making authority for both urban and rural health centers were found(r=-.470, P=.002 ; r=-.348, P=.46). 3. No significant relationship between formalization and job satisfaction for both urban and rural health centers were found (r=-.242, P=.132, r=-.060, P=.739). 4. Significant positive relationship between decision - making authority and job satisfaction were found in urban health centers (r=.504, P=.0009), but no such relationship was observed in rural health centers. Regression coefficient between them was statistically significant($\beta=1.535$, P=.0002), and accuracy of regression line was accepted (W=.975, P= .420). 5. No significant relationships among formalization and family planning services, maternal health services, and tuberculosis control services for both urban and rural health centers were found. 6. Among decision-making authority and family planning services, maternal health services, and tuberculosis control services, significant positive relationship was found between de cision-making authority and family planning services(r=.286, P=.73). 7. A significant difference was found in maternal health services by the type of health centers (F=5.13, P=.026) but no difference was found in tuberculosis control services by the type of health centers, formalization, and decision-making authority. 8. A significant positive relationships were found between family planning services and maternal health services and tuberculosis control services, and between maternal health services and tuberculosis control services (r=-.499, P=.001 ; r=.457, P=.004 ; r=.495, P=.002) in case of urban health centers. In case of rural health centers, relationships between family planning services and tuberculosis control services, and between maternal health services and tuberculosis control services were statistically significant (r=.534, P=.002 ; r=.389, P=.027). No significant relationship was found between family planning and maternal health services. 9. A significant positive canonical correlation was found between the group of independent variables consisted of formalization and de cision-making authority and the group of dependent variables consisted of family planning services, maternal health services and tuberculosis control services(Rc=.455, P=.02). In case of urban health centers, no significant canonical correlation was found between them, but significant canoncial correlation was found in rural health centers(Rc=.578, P=.069), 10. Relationships between job satisfaction and health care productivity was not found significant. Through these results, the assumed relationship between environment and organizational structure was not supported in health centers. Therefore, the relationship between the organizational effectiveness and the congruence between environment and organizational structure that contingency theory proposes to exist was not able to be tested. However decision-making authority was found as an important variable of organizational structure affecting family planning services and job satisfaction in urban health centers. Thus it was suggested that decentralized decision making among health professionals would be a valuable strategy for improvement of organizational effectiveness in public health centers. It is also recommended that further studies to test contingency theory would use variability and uncertainty to define environment of public health centers instead of complexity.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

음악 활동에 참여하기 위해서는 기본적인 인지기능을 필요로 하는데, 이는 학습에 필요한 기능과도 공통점을 가진다. 음악을 듣고 기억하는 데에 복합적인 의식 활동이 요구되며, 일련의 소리 자극들이 음악으로서 의미를 갖고 기억되기 위해서는 주어진 소리 정보에 내재해 있는 특징들을 지각하고 처리할 수 있는 기능이 요구된다. 여러 선행 연구에서는 음악활동을 통해서 기본적인 학습 기능이 강화될 수 있다는 결과를 제시하였다. 본 연구는 학습부진 아동들이 청각정보처리기술과 단기기억력 강화를 중심으로 구성된 음악치료 세션에 참여하였을 때 음악 활동과 학습에 필요한 인지기능에 향상이 있는지를 보고자 하는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서는 음악 활동 내에서 다루어지는 인지기능을 사정할 수 있는 척도를 개발하여 학습기술 증진을 위한 음악치료 프로그램을 실행 전 후에 각각 실시하였다. 음악인지기술척도(Music Cognitive Skills Test)는 청각 지각인지력과 단기기억력 측정을 중심으로 모두 5 항목으로 구성되어 있는데, 1) 리듬 모방력, 2) 선율 모방력, 3) 음고 구별력, 4) 동화음 구별력, 5) 음보존력으로 구성되어 있다. 본 연구에는 기초학력기능검사 결과를 중심으로 담임교사가 추천한 18명의 초등학교 4, 5, 6학년 학생들이 참여하였으며, 4 개월간 주 2회씩 음악치료 프로그램이 투입되었다. 연구 결과, 리듬 모방력과 선율 모방력은 사후 검사에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 그 외에 음고 구별력, 동화음 구별력, 그리고 음보존력에서는 사후검사에서 증가된 결과를 보여주었다. 결과와 함께 본 연구에서는 참여자들이 수행한 시험을 통해서 나타낸 공통점을 분석한 결과 선율모방 보다 리듬모방에서 더 높은 결과를 보여주었다. 이는 리듬이 시간적인 개념만을 다루지만, 선율은 이외에 공간적인 개념이 추가된 것이기 때문에 더 난이도가 높은 작업이라고 분석될 수 있다. 선율 모방에서는 공통적으로 특정 음역에서 어려움을 보였는데, 4도 이상의 음역이 제시되었을 때와 2도의 음역을 가지고 있는 경우는 동일한 음으로 지각되는 경우가 많았다. 이러한 연구결과는 제시된 청각적 정보를 의미있는 단위로 구분하고 이를 이해하고, 기억하여 재생산해내는 작업은 모방은 물론, 음의 구별과 보존에도 필요한 기술임으로, 체계적으로 구성된 음악활동은 이러한 인지기술들을 강화시켜 줄 수 있는 전략으로 활용될 수 있다는 점을 시사한다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 1979

A study was carried out from October 1977 to September 1978 in order to develope health care delively system which will meet to rural area in Korea. For the study objective a model of health care delivery system of Myun (township) area was developed which is adopted the net-work of village health voluntary worker who will play the role of bridge for communication related with health and illness between families or village people and health subcenter, and :he model health care delivery system net-work was set in the area of Soodong Myun, Yangju Gun. which is the rural health demonstration area of Ewha Womans University since 1972. The activities and attitude of 22 village health voluntary workers were observed and analized. during the study period. The results are as follows; 1. For the field activities of village health voluntary workers. a guide line which is described with specific behavioral objectives was developed and used for not only training of the workers but also evaluation of their field activities. 2. During the study period, the number of 971 village people were served primary health care service by village health voluntary worker and the service was classified largely into symptomatic medications (92%) and preventive measures (8%). 3. Comparative percentage of the number of 894 symptomatic cases cared by village health voluntary workers to 5,695 cases of patient treated by Soodong Health Subcenter during the same period was 15.7%. 4. Annual utility rate of village health voluntary worker by Myun total people was 16.1% but utility rate by Rie was varied from 38.2% to 2.8% which shown there were considerable differences in each Rie. In order to settle the village health care service, the obstructive factors of utility should be detected and their counter measure must be taken. 5. As the health need of village people increases, it is expected that the supplement of drug excluding present sit basic drugs is inevitable, but considering the ability of village health voluntary worker, the selection of additional drugs and education, plan should be carefully studied. 6. It is desirable that a financial resource for supplementary purchase of first aid kit, drugs and materials whould be alloted from village public fund like Saemaeul Women's Club fund, which has already practiced in a few villages in the study area. 7. As pointed out by village health voluntary workers, in order to improve the village health, village leaders should be in the center of it and the cooperation of whole village people is a core of healthful village development, and it is reasonable that the health subcenter backs up these voluntary health activities by village people in techniques. 8. It seems effective that a supplementary education for village health voluntary worker be accomplished by a planned education through regular meetings like worker's monthly meeting and irregular post guide when Myun Health Workers can handle the problems found during the round trip of villages. 9. It is desirable that village health voluntary workers, who are recommended by a civil voluntary organization like Saemael Woman's Club, are charged by natural villagc unit, are given a function of village health care service and used through basic education at health subcenter. 10. It is advisable that the village health voluntary worker's service is compensated not by a form of money, but by other way such as an exemption of medical fee of worker herself or her families in health subcenter can be one method. 11. Daily health activities of each village health voluntary worker should be reported to health subcenter by biweekly or monthly in order to get not only for basic data of the program but also for evaluation the program. It is recomandable that the report form should be simple and clear enough for village health voluntary worker to fill it effectively. 12. Village health care service should be developed into a Saemaeul Movement in which village people actively participate. For this, the appointed function of village health voluntary worker should be absorbed into those of living Environment Betterment Section or Family Planning Section of Saemaeul Women's Club or it is desirable that establish a new section, Village Health Promoting Section and make it involve the appointed functions of those sections mentioned above.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.202-210
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• 2013

최근 소득증대로 인해 해양레저에 대한 관심이 높아짐에 따라 해양레저용으로 많이 이용되는 활주형선의 선형설계와 생산에 대한 많은 연구 개발이 필요해지고 있다. 지금까지 수행된 활주형선의 저항에 대한 연구를 분석해본 결과 활주형선은 속도가 빠르고 침수표면적이 매우 작기 때문에 일반 선박과는 다른 저항 특성을 가지고 있음을 알게 되었다. 본 연구는 현재 조선소와 추진기 및 엔진 생산업체에서 유효마력 산정에 널리 활용되는 Savitsky공식을 이용하여 연구대상 활주형선의 전저항을 먼저 계산한 후 이론해석과 풍동실험을 통하여 활주형선 주위에 대한 유동특성을 분석하고 속도와 트림각도 변화에 따른 공기저항, 양력 등을 구하였다. 또한 이 결과를 이용하여 전저항에 대한 공기저항의 비율을 속도와 트림각 변화에 대하여 이론해석결과와 실험결과를 비교하고 분석하였으며 본 연구결과는 좀 더 정확한 유효마력 추정에 활용되어 산출근거를 무시하고 막연하게 고마력 엔진을 장착하는 폐단을 막을 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 한편 기상 이변으로 인한 자연재해가 증가하면서 온실가스에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 국제해사기구(IMO)에서는 선박의 설계 단계에서 적용되는 에너지 효율 지수(EEDI)와 해상을 운항할 때 적용되는 에너지 효율지수(EEOI)를 제정하여 선박으로부터 배출되는 온실가스를 줄이려 하고 있다. 그러나 이 규정은 총톤수(GT) 400톤 이상의 선박에 적용될 예정이므로 해양레저용 선박과 같은 소형 선박은 대형 선박에 비해 단위 출력 당 온실가스 배출량은 오히려 많지만 이 IMO 규정에 의한 규제를 받지 않는다. 따라서 본 연구는 소형선박인 해양레저용 활주형선의 온실 가스 배출량을 산출함으로써 이에 대한 문제점을 제기하고 소형선박에 적용될 수 EEDI 계산법 제정의 필요성을 제시하였다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2005

목 적 : 공작실에서 block을 제작할 때 중금속이 사용된다. 이때 발생하는 중금속 분진 및 발연(發煙)은 인체에 위해를 준다. 이러한 중금속의 측정과 분석을 통해 심각성을 인식한다. 또한 그에 따른 해결방안을 강구하는 것이 논문의 목적이다. 대상 및 방법 : 논문에 사용되는 기구는 유도 결합 플라즈마 방출분광기이며, 대전 시내 4개 대학병원 방사선 종양학과 공작실(비스무스, 납, 주석, 카드뮴)을 대상으로 하였다. 실험방법은 ppb 단위로 포집하여 비교 분석하고, 체내 및 혈중 중금속 기준치를 통한 공기 중 중금속의 기준치를 계산하며 중금속 임시 기준치를 설정하였다. 결 과 : 지하생활공간 공기 질 관리법에서 정해진 납과 카드뮴의 기준치(24시간 기준)는 $3{\mu}g/m^3$과 $2{\mu}g/m^3$이다. 그리고 비스무스와 주석은 체내 및 혈중 기준치와 다른 중금속 기준치를 통해 $7{\mu}g/m^3$과 $6{\mu}g/m^3$로 정하였다. 대전지역 4개 대학병원 공작실 내부 중금속 측정치를 작업 유무에 따라 비교한다. 비작업 시에는 측정치 대부분이 기준치 이하로 나왔다. 하지만 작업을 하고 있을 경우에는 높은 수치를 나타났다. 또한 차폐체의 구성 비율에 따른 검출 비율의 연관성도 보였다. 결 론 : 작업종사자의 중금속 오염 심각성에 대한 해결방법은 근본적인 부분에서 찾아야 한다. 병원에서는 국소 배기장치의 설치 및 주기적 성능 점검, 보호구 제공 등이 시행되어져야 한다. 또한 작업자는 지속적인 관심과 위생관리, 중금속 오염에 대한 부분을 인식해야 한다. 마지막으로 학회 차원에서 기준치 설정 및 주기적인 측정을 통해 지속적으로 관리를 해야 한다. 그리고 정기적인 특수건강진단의 실시와 같은 근본적인 해결방안을 찾아야겠다.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2002

목적 : 연구의 목적은 호스피스 완화의료의 표준화를 위한 기초자료로서 국내 호스피스 완화의료 서비스를 제공하는 의료기관 및 비의료기관의 서비스 대상자, 시설 인력구성, 서비스 내용 및 재정적 문제 등 실태를 파악하는 것이다. 방법 : 설문조사는 2001년 7월부터 10월까지 이루어졌으며, 연구자들이 기존 연구를 참조하여 개발한 총 39항목의 설문지를 반송봉투를 넣어 우편으로 발송하여 조사하였다. 회신이 되었지만 내용을 재확인할 필요가 있는 부분과 회신이 안된 기관은 전화를 통해 설문을 완성하였다. 64개 기관이 설문에 응답하였다. 결과 : 국내에는 호스피스 완화의료 서비스를 제공하는 의료기관이 40개, 비의료기관이 24개 있었다. 의료기관 중 11개 기관은 병원연계 및 독립 또는 별도병동이 었고, 비의료기관 중 6개는 입원이 가능한 독립시설에서 호스피스 완화의료서비스를 제공하고 있었다. 호스피스 완화의료 서비스를 받는 대상자 대부분은 암환자였지만 일부는 말기 질환이 아닌 경우도 포함되어 있었다. 전체 64개 호스피스 완화의료 서비스 기관 중 24개만이 의사, 간호사, 사회복지사 및 성직자가 있었다. 가정호스피스 기관으로서 의뢰체계가 있는 경우는 의료기관 89.7%, 비의료기관 73.7% 였다. 24시간 서비스를 제공하는 기관은 의료기관 65.0%, 비의료기관 37.5%였다. 가족을 위한 휴식공간은 병원중심 호스피스완화의료 프로그램의 50%에서 있었다. 전체 호스피스 완화의료기관의 73.9%는 재정적인 문제가 있었으며, 610%는 정부로부터의 재정적인 지원이 필요하다고 응답하였다. 결론 : 64개 호스피스완화의료 프로그램에서 서비스를 제공하고 있지만 아직도 인력, 서비스의 질 및 시설 측면에서는 문제점이 있었다. 말기환자를 위한 서비스의 질을 향상시키고 의료자원의 효율적인 이용을 촉진하기 위해 호스피스 완화의료 서비스의 표준화와 제도화가 필요하다.