• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.451-459
• /
• 2015

We investigated the pattern of floral diversity including naturalized plant species and three ecological factors (area, elevation and distance from mainland) of plant species on 53 uninhabited islands in Gyungsangnam-do, southeastern South Korea. A total of 206 taxa in 67 families were observed, and the species of Compositae was most common. Thirteen taxa in eight families of the naturalized plants were observed on 33 islands. The numbers of total plant species, area and elevation were significantly correlated, but no relationship with distance from the mainland was observed. In addition, no relationship was found among the numbers of naturalized plants, area and elevation. However, the average rate of naturalization on islands with different elevations differed significantly, indicating the smallest proportion of naturalized plant species was on high islands. Multiple regression of total species richness identified elevation as a significant factor, while no significant variables were correlated with naturalized plant species. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination identified three major variables, distance from mainland, number of naturalized plant species and elevation. These findings indicate that the geography of islands such as area and elevation affected the species richness of plants on uninhabited islands, while human disturbance had a greater effect than geography on the species richness of naturalized plants on islands in southeastern South Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.81-96
• /
• 2009

This study has found out the status of the environment ecology(topography structure. land-use, flora, plant community structure, wildbird) in 10 uninhabited islands(i.e. Kei island, Hadon island, Sangdon island, Daewa island, Hwanggang island, Naebi island, Oebi island, Prickly castor-oil tree island, Tongin island, Yuk island), Namhae-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do. Moreover, It has suggested ways of improving the environment ecology status by classifying the type of environment ecology about the degree of use and damage that based on the results of environment ecology survey. According to the results of topography structure survey, the survey site altitude was ranged within 1m$\sim$25m, otherwise, the radient was classified the rock area(.i.e. slope of less than $5^{\circ}$ the dead level) and the slope area where is steep slope. Moreover, there was showed evenly a variety of aspect. Land-use were divided the field(Kei island), dry native grasslands(Hadon island), naturalized grasslands(Sangdon island), Pinus thunbergii community(Dacwa island, Hwanggang island, Naebi island, Yuk island), the rock area(Oebi island, Prickly castor-oil tree island, Tongin island). As the results of flora survey, the number of plant species were 30$\sim$115 species and the naturalized species were found 2$\sim$12 species in each site. The results of plant community structure analysis, The dominant species were Pinus thunbergii and Pinus densiflora were in upper tree layer, furthermore, it were Pinus thunbergii, Eurya japonica, Prunus sargentii, Celtis sinensis, Morus bombycis, ect. in cannopy tree layer. In shrub layer, the dominant species were Rosa multiflora, Rubus crataegifolius, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, etc. The status of wildbird bird, had been found 42 species 938 individuals, especially, there were Bubo bubo kiautschensis(natural monument No. 324) and Haematopus ostralegus osculans(natural monument No. 326). According to these synthetic results, we are able to classify the 5 types of environment ecology such as the natural coast forest that composed of Pinus thunbergii and Pinus densiflora(Daewa island, Hwanggang island, Naebi island, Oebi island, Tongin island, Yuk island), the field in vegetation area(Kei island), vegetation succession area of fallow field type(Hadon island), vegetation damage area by the forest fire and disturbance elements(Prickly castor-oil tree island), dominant naturalized species grassland by grazing cattle(Sangdon island).

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.341-348
• /
• 2002

Correlations among the island area, distance to mainland, latitude, longitude, human impacts, diversity and composition of vascular plants were investigated by analyzing data on 261 islands(10.3% of total number of islands in Korea) selected from the annual reports for 'the natural evironment survey of the uninhabited islands in Korea' published by 'Ministry of Environment' during three years from 1999. The area of surveyed 261 islands ranged 1,100 to 961,000㎡(average of 75,000㎡), and the distance to mainland ranged 0.15 to 51.5km (average of 14.9km). Total number of plant species recorded in those islands was 1,109 species throughout 30 families, and mean mumber of plant species of each island was 98.7 species. Native species were 1,003 species (90.4%), and exotic species were 106 species(9.6%). The families with the largest number of species was the Compositae with 114 species, and followed in the order of Gramineae(90), Leguminosae(54), and Rosaceae(53). The result of multi-dimensional scaling analysis based on the plant species composition showed that 261 islands were distinctly divided into two groups, western sea group(131 islands) and southern sea group(130 islands). The islands of western sea group(average area of 93,000㎡) had greatly larger area than them of southern sea group(average area of 57,000㎡), but the average number of species (average species of 192) per island were less than in southern sea group (average species of 233). And, the partitioning into two groups was responsible for the species restricted to southern than to western sea group. Therefore, this results suggest that the distribution pattern and the composition of plant species could be also affected by the latitude of the island. When the species-area model was applied to total island and plant species, these results indicate that the island area was the most significant predictor of plant species diversity, and the distance to mainland and the human impacts were also shown to be significant predictors of plant species richness. But when applied to both groups of islands by the stepwise selection method, the result showed that islands of southern sea group were greatly affected by the factors such as human impacts, distance to mainland and longitude than western sea group. For the purpose of conservation of natural ecosystem on the uninhabited islands in Korea, we will also examine how the human impacts and the invasion of exotic plant species will disturb the native species diversity.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.219-222
• /
• 2001

The study was conducted to get the basic information for proper protection and management of black-faced spoonbill and their habitats in western coast of South Korea. The species was observed in 8 sites of western coast of South Korea in spring 2000. We confirmed breeding of this species at least 4 pairs in Seokdo island. This island is considered likely to be an imortant breeding site together with Yodo island, Hambakdo island and Yokdo island. Also, we observed breeding of herring gull in Seokdo island and small island nearby Boleumdo island for the first time in South Korea. Chilsando island, Cheonsuman bay and Gyeokyeolbiyeoldo island were considered as stopovers located on the Korean Peninsula route. The other sites were considered as summering sites of the black-faced spoonbill. Especially the birds were constantly observed from breeding season to postbreeding season in Seonduri and Yeochari of Ganghwado island. We have counted maximum 88 individuals gathered at Gaksiyeo in Seonduri and Yeochari on September 3, 2000. The species seemed to gather at these sites after breeding for migration to wintering ground in September. We also surveyed changes of the number of individuals as time of the ebb and flow on September 3 and 6, 2000, their time budgets were affected by the ebb and flow in these sites.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.263-269
• /
• 2015

When we consider changes in agro-fishery systems instigated by environmental changes in islands, rise in sea levels, and natural disasters such as tsunamis, there is an urgent need to carry out initiatives to enhance life standard and conserve ecosystem in island and coastal regions. To protect the region's landscape from the effects of climate change, it is necessary to develop an integrated management system for ecosystem conservation, human settlements, and the local economy. This paper discusses the outline of a preliminary national plan for a sustainable island management system for remote (inhabited and uninhabited) islands in Korea. Two main ideas to enhance life standard are adapting to the natural environment by applying traditional knowledge and utilizing ecological resources of islands, i.e., improving the quality of life and creating added value. As a technique for improving the quality of life, the establishment of eco-villages based on energy-efficient passive houses and ecological welfare is suggested. Another technique for creating added value, the development of sea-farming islands that utilize islands' new recyclable energy is also proposed. Finally, the suggested ideas are discussed in relation to island ecotourism and carbon zero islands.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.673-684
• /
• 2011

Shinan-gun in Jeollanam-do has 1,004 islands which is the biggest number in the whole country. As most of the islands in Korea are secluded from the mainland or other islands, biological surveys are very important for the biogeographical perspective. Especially, the species diversity of insecta on an island plays an important role in the food stability of top predators, including birds. This study provides baseline academic resources for the preservation and management of uninhabited islands by providing information about the status of insects on the uninhabited islands in Docho-myeon, Jeollanam-do, Korea. As far as the appearance aspects of the insects in 28 uninhabited islands were 921 individuals, 122 species, 60 families or 12 orders. Ga Island showed the highest appearance as 32 species, 22 families or 9 orders. Appearance of specific insects was investigated unknown species: 1 species, southern characteristic species: 3 species, coastal dune species: 1 species, climate-sensitive indicator species: 1 species.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.207-211
• /
• 2020

Adult land crabs generally live on land while their larvae live in the sea. In the case of Sesarma haematoche, female crabs migrate from land to sea to release the larvae at the high tide of syzygy night. Artificial structures along coastal areas are being obstacles for the migration of land crabs and causing synchronized roadkills on coastal roads during breeding migration. In this research, we compared the sex ratios of crab populations in coastal areas with coastal roads and uninhabited island areas with no road. The proportion of females in inland habitats with coastal roads was significantly smaller than island habitats. In particular, females are exposed to the risk of annually repeated roadkills, and the proportion of females decreases rapidly with their growth. If this tendency is general for land crab populations in the coastal areas with roads, significant road mortality of female land crabs during breeding migration can lead to severe population decline in coastal areas. Therefore, it is necessary to take an action to save land crabs crossing coastal roads.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.223-233
• /
• 2013

Yeonpyeong Island, an island of Ong-jin County, is a very important and meaningful area in terms of its geo-politics and natural environment. But in spite of well preserved natural environment, because of limited access and security risk, there were little researches. In this sense this study would be meaningful for inquiring into the regional geomorphology of Yeon-pyeong Island. The major findings of this study are as follows. 1) 12 sites among 20 sites was evaluated 1st grade, and this means that geomorphic value of Yeon-pyeong Island is very excellent. 2) Coastal landforms of Yeon-pyeong Island are classified three major types which are rocky coast which consist of wave-cut platform and sea cliffs, sand or shingle beaches and coastal plain in the embayment area, and tidal flat areas and small uninhabited islands. 3) Cross sectional shape of Yeon-pyeong Island is asymmetric, since coastal erosion of island concentrate on the northern and western shore. 4) Quality and value of tidal flats will be deteriorate unless the dyke construction is stopped.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.227-235
• /
• 2005

This study aimed at suggesting management policy directions for the uninhabited islands of Korea which are national land resources with economic potential for tourism and development and strategic value for boundary delineation of territorial waters and exclusive economic zone as well as their unique ecological status. Review of existing management arrangements related to the uninhabited islands revealed six management issues to be addressed: insufficient data and their low reliability, lack of management policy directions, increase in ecosystem deterioration and perturbation by human activities, lack of policy measures for meeting utilization and development demands, weak management base with insufficient personnel and budget, and legal measures not taking Into account their unique ecological and socioeconomic characteristics. The management policy directions to improve the management of the uninhabited islands of Korea include management directions and strategies, and suggestions for legal improvement. Considering the unique ecological value of the uninhabited islands, management directions suggested are anti-degradation in which current and future demands for their utilization and development do not degrade the ecological potential of the uninhabited islands and integration in which land and sea areas are managed as an integrated management unit. Four strategies proposed to follow the management directions are enhancement of the knowledge base through a comprehensive survey, development and legislation of guidelines for the rational management of utilization and development demands, establishment of the comprehensive island debris collection and disposal system, and enhancement of management capacity. Legal improvement for the effective implementation of the management policy directions should include comprehensive uninhabited islands survey, legal utilization restraints and management guidelines based on classification of the islands, management boundary, and improvement of regulations on designated islands.

• Explosives and Blasting
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 2020

Todo was an uninhabited island located in the sea of Pusan Newport. It was a small island with the height of 32 m above sea level, and its area including the submerged part was approximately 24,400 ㎡. Unfortunately, the island was located exactly in the middle of the narrow entrance way to the North and South Container Wharfs of Pusan Newport so that a number of ships had to turn quickly to avoid collision with the island, which frequently caused collisions with other ships or cranes. To avoid such a danger and make the water way wider and deeper, the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries decided to remove the island. This was believed to make even super-large vessels operate safely in the sea of Pusan Newport so that the competitiveness of the port could be highly enhanced. This paper describes in detail the whole process of the removing work, which was the first case of successful underwater blasting operation using bulk emulsion explosives and non-electric detonators to remove a whole island in South Korea.