• Title/Summary/Keyword: uncooked method

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Takju Brewing of Uncooked Rice Starch Using Rhizopus Koji (Rhizopus Koji를 이용한 무증자 쌀탁주 양조)

  • 손순기;노영혼;배상면;김현진
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.506-510
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    • 1990
  • The Takju brewing of raw rice starch was carried out by the simultaneous saccharification- fermentation using Rhizopus sp. koji and yeast, and compared with the Takju mash brewed by the conventional method. Rhitopus koji was prepared with uncooked rice for Takju brewing without cooking of rice starch. Alcohol concentration of Takju mash brewed with uncooked rice was slightly higher of 1.8% than that with cooked one. Amino acid contents was almost double and fuse1 oil contents was lower in uncooked brewing. The Takju mash prepared after fermentation without cooking of rice had a characteristic odor of raw material and a good quality of taste.

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A Novel saccharification method of uncooked concentrated corn starch using an agitated bead reaction system (분쇄마찰매체 함유 반응계를 이용한 무증자 Corn starch의 고농도 당화와 당화액의 조성에 관한 연구)

  • 이용현;조구형
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.14 no.5
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    • pp.399-405
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    • 1986
  • Corn starch was saccharified without cooking in an agitated bead reaction system. Uncooked corn starch was effectively hydrolyzed even at the concentration as high as 39%(w/v). After 24 hours. the extent of saccharification reached at 92%, which corresponds glucose concentration of 425g/L. Fed-batch feeding of starch was more effective than batch feeding for saccharification of uncooked corn starch. The composition of hydrolysated of uncooked starch was analyzed. which was composed of 95% glucose, 0.7% of maltose, and 4.5% of high saccharide, similar with that of cooked starch. The hydrolysate can be successfully utilized for HFCS manufacture. The starch liquefying and saccharifying enzyme was relatively stable even be the physical impact of the attrition-milling media. The enzyme stabilizer, $Ca^{++}$, played an essential role in preventing the enzyme deactivation caused by the physical impact.

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The Effects of Uncooked Powdered Food on Nutrient Intake, Body Fat and Serum Lipid Compositions in Hyperlipidemic Patients (규칙적인 생식섭취가 고지혈증 환자의 영양소 섭취상태, 체지방 및 혈청의 지질조성에 미치는 영향)

  • 한종현;박성혜
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.36 no.6
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    • pp.589-602
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    • 2003
  • This study was designed to investigate the effects of weight reduction and changes in serum lipid composition using a commercial uncooked powdered food (UPF) diet on 27 obese hyperlipidemic women over a period of 12 weeks. We replaced the standard breakfast and dinner of each of the subjects with UPF. Their dietary intake status was evaluated by 24-hour recall method. Their body compositions were measured using a body fat analyzer. Also, we conducted hematological, clinical and lipid profile analyses of their blood. Their intake of energy, lipid and protein significantly decreased as the subjects started to take UPF, but their intake of vitamins and minerals, other than iron, increased. Due to the energy intake decrease, the subjects' weight, body fat and waist circumference significantly decreased. Among the lost weight the percentage of the body fat was high. We judged that this process of losing weight was successful in obese hyperlipidemic women. Serum HDL-cholesterol gradually increased and serum total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride levels showed gradual decreases. When obese hyperlipidemic women replaced two of three meals with UPF for 3 months, we were able to see useful changes like decreased body fat and serum lipid. Complete judgment on the usefulness of UPF may be difficult but if people take a standard meal once a day and replenish their iron by taking UPF twice a day, we assume that replacing UPF with balanced regular meal not be a problem in nutritional status. Our results show that UPF is effective in the diet therapy of obese hyperlipidemic women.

The Effect of Uncooked Powdered Food on the weight toss and the Biochemical Nutritional Status in Overweight and Obese Women (과체중 및 비만여성의 생식섭취가 체중감소 및 생화학적 영양상태에 미치는 영향)

  • 박성혜;안병용;김상환;한종현
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.39-55
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    • 2003
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of an uncooked powdered food(UPF) on the weight loss and changes of the biochemical nutritional status for 20 overweight and 26 obese women in Iksan area. We just replaced common breakfast and dinner of the subjects with UPF. Their dietary intake status was evaluated by 24-hour recall method. Also anthropometric and biochemical measurements before and after the UPF program were estimated. The intake of energy, lipid and protein decreased and the quality of meals improved as people started to take UPF. Due to the energy loss by taking UPF, weight and body fat decreased significantly. The percentage of the body fat was high among the weight lost, from which we judged that the process of losing weight was successful. It is hard to predict whether weight loss will occur to people who are already in shape or not, but if overweight and obesity people regularly take UPF instead of other food products, we assume that UPF will help lessening the body fat. The most positive change among biochemical changes by taking UPF was the decrease of serum lipid contents. When overweight and obesity women replaced two out of three meals with UPF for 3 month period, no significant nutritional problems occurred. It seems that the 12weeks of UPF program used in this study was effective in improving anthropometric indices without producing the deficiency of iron or other susceptible nutrients.

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The Effects of Uncooked Powdered Food on Nutrient Intake, Serum Lipid Level, Dietary Behavior and Health Index in Healthy Women (생식 제품의 섭취가 건강한 성인여성의 영양섭취상태, 식행동, 혈청지질농도 및 건강지표에 미치는 영향)

  • 박성혜;한종현
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.49-63
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study was to obtain the nutritional values and objective data of uncooked powdered food (UPF) in korea. We interviewed 27 healthy female subjects aged over 25 years living in the lksan area. We just replaced common breakfast and dinner of the subjects with UPF. Their dietary intake status was evaluated by 24-hour recall method. Their body compositions were measured using body fat analyzer. Also we conducted hematological and clinical analysis of blood. The intake of energy, lipid and protein has decreased as people started to take UPF, but the intake of vitamins and minerals has increased. The quality of meals has improved after taking UPF. Due to the energy loss by taking UPF, weight and body fat gradually lessened. Among the lost weight the percentage of the body fat was high and we judged that the process of losing weight was successful. It is hard to predict whether weight loss will occur to people who are already in shape or not, but if overweight and obesity people regularly take UPF instead of other food products, we assume that UPF will help lessening body fat. The most positive change among biochemical changes by taking UPF was decreasing of serum lipid contents. The concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol gradually decreased and decreased intently after 12weeks. Serum HDL-cholesterol gradually increased and serum triglyceride showed gradual decrement. When healthy adult women replaced two of three meals with UPF for 3months, we were able to see some useful changes like decrement of body fat and serum lipid control and during this 3month period, no significant nutritional problems occurred. Complete judgement on UPF may be difficult with these conclusions but if people take a nomal meal once and replenish iron from taking UPF twice a day, we assume that replacing UPF with regular meal not be a problem in nutritional status. If other experiments on the effects of UPF proceed, we believe that those experiments will be very helpful in judging the nutritional value of UPF. (Korean J Nutrition 36(1) : 49-63, 2003)

Component Changes in Antioxidant Activity and Isoflavones (β-glucoside & aglycone) Contents of Small Black Bean According to Different Cooking Methods (조리방법을 달리한 쥐눈이콩의 항산화력 및 이소플라본 배당체·비배당체 함량 비교)

  • Shin, Jihun;Joo, Nami
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.197-203
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: In this study, small black beans (Rhynchosia nulubilis) that were produced in the Jungsun province of South Korea were selected for use in various cooking recipes because they are known to contain higher isoflavones and excellent antioxidant effects, as compared to any other domestic soybeans. Methods: Physicochemical and antioxidant characteristics of small black beans were analyzed with uncooked beans and four other cooking methods of pan broiling, boiling, steaming, and pressure cooking. Results: Contents of ${\beta}$-glucosides (daidzin, glycitin, and genistin) and aglycone (daidzein, glycitein, and genistein) in small black beans were significantly different depending on the cooking methods (p<0.001). The results of the experiment indicated that the amount of total polyphenol in pressure cooked beans was highest, showing a value of 7.16 mg/g (p<0.001). Most contents of isoflavones (${\beta}$-glucoside, aglycone) in uncooked beans appeared to increase after cooking. In particular, the amount of glycitein was highest in pan broiled beans ($9.63{\mu}g/g$). The total isoflavone content differed among the different cooking methods, ranging from highest to lowest in the following order : pan broiled beans ($759.49{\mu}g/g$), pressure cooked beans ($725.12{\mu}g/g$), boiled beans ($591.05{\mu}g/g$), steamed beans ($511.61{\mu}g/g$), and uncooked beans ($180.80{\mu}g/g$) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Especially, the amount of isoflavones increased significantly in pan broiled beans and pressure cooked beans, suggestive of optimized cooking methods for increasing nutritional and functional contents in cooked food.

Changes of Physicochemical Characteristic and Functional Components of Cereals for Saengsik, Uncooked Food by Drying Methods (건조방법에 따른 생식 원료 곡류의 이화학적 특성 및 기능성 성분의 변화)

  • Jin, Tie-Yan;Oh, Deog-Hwan;Om, Ae-Son;Lee, Heon-Ok;Eun, Jong-Bang
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.12 no.5
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    • pp.442-448
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    • 2005
  • To develop efficient drying method, one of important process in manufacturing of Saengsik, uncooked food, the change of physicochemical characteristics and functional component contents of cereals dried by various drying methods was investigated. The proximate composition and dietary fiber content of rice, brown rice, glutinous rice and barley showed little changes during hot-air drying (50$\circC$, 55$\circC$, 60$\circC$) and freeze-drying. Yellowness(b) value of hot-air dried products was higher than one of freeze-dried products. The content of niacin was 0.77 mg% in milled rice, 1.84 mg% in brown rice, 0.68 mg% in glutinous rice, 1.00 mg% in barely dried by hot-air at 60$\circC$ and was lower than those of other samples. $\beta$-glucan content in barely was not changed by hot-air drying and freeze-drying method. In conclusion, hot-air drying would be recommended for barley having $\beta$-glucan, a kind of functional components and freeze-drying should be used for raw materials having heat-labile components such as niacin.

Changes of Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics in the Codonopsis lanceolata Saengsik, Uncooked Food by Different Drying Methods (건조방법 달리하여 제조한 더덕 생식의 이화학적 및 관능적 특성 변화)

  • Jin, Tie-Yan;Quan, Wu-Rong;Wang, Myeong-Hyeon
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.40 no.6
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    • pp.721-725
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    • 2008
  • Changes in the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the uncooked food, Codonopsis lanceolata saengsik, were investigated to determine an efficient drying method, one of the most important manufacturing processes in the preparation of C. lanceolata saengsik. No changes in the proximate compositions of all samples were observed during hot-air drying at 50 and $60^{\circ}C$ and freeze-drying. The L value in the freeze-dried sample was higher than that in the hot-air dried samples, whereas the b value in the freeze-dried sample was reduced. Dietary fiber content in the hotair dried samples were higher than that in the freeze-dried sample, whereas the total phenolic compounds and crude saponin contents were lower than those in the freeze-dried sample. The highest overall acceptability values in the sensory test for color, flavor, taste, and overall acceptability were 5.63, 5.45, 5.75, and 5.85, respectively. In conclusion, the freezedrying method was the most favorable of the tested method for the manufacture of C. lanceolata saengsik.

The Biblographical Study on the Processing Methods of Traditional Nuruk (전통누룩 제조에 대한 문헌고찰)

  • 이미경;이성우;배상만
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.1 no.3
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    • pp.277-298
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    • 1991
  • Review of Korean and Chinese traditional nuruk was performed on the longitudinal change of ingredients and method of each nuruk. Manufacturing process of common nuruk was that flour, wheat chaff, grinded green pea and smartweed were doughed, footpressed to make 凹 type, covered it with mugwort, lotus leaf and cocklebur leaf and suspended it with string for 60 days to get wild mold. This is named Beungkuk. Manufacturing process of Sankuk was that cooked rice or uncooked rice grain was scattered, mixed often for 30 days. Ryokuk and Hongkuk are called Sankuk.

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Antioxidative and nutritional characteristics of Shiitake mushrooms when cooked using different methods (경도 기반 조리 조건을 달리한 표고버섯의 산화방지 및 영양특성 연구)

  • Im, Sori;Chun, Yong-Gi;Liang, Shaoting;Han, Jung-Ah
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.50 no.1
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    • pp.8-13
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    • 2018
  • The textural and antioxidant properties, as well as the changes in functional constituents of shiitake mushrooms cooked by three different methods (boiling, steaming, and frying) were analyzed. The hardness of the mushrooms did not change significantly at the end time of cooking for each method. The antioxidant properties determined by measuring the free-radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content were the highest in the control (uncooked shiitake), and these properties were adversely affected after cooking, especially by boiling. Both the riboflavin and eritadenine contents were the highest in the control, but decreased upon cooking, in the following order: frying > steaming > boiling. The ergocalciferol content after frying was less than that in other samples. Although uncooked shiitake mushroom showed a higher concentration of functional constituents, it needs to be cooked adequately owing to its tough texture. If the hardness of the mushrooms cooked by different methods is the same, frying is considered the most acceptable method.