• Title/Summary/Keyword: uncertain environment

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A Strategy to Integrated Emission Trading System for Greenhouse Gas with that of Air Pollutants (대기오염물질과 온실가스 배출권 거래제 연계 방안)

  • Lee Kyoo-Yong;Lee Jae-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.561-571
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    • 2005
  • To introduce an emissions trading system for GHG that currently have no reduction requirements, the following should be considered as priorities: eliciting the participation of the industrial sector and linking GHG emission trading systems to the emissions trading system (implemented from July 2007) that has become part of national policy with the enactment of the Special Act. Two directions can serve as viable alternatives in that regard. One is a baseline-and-credit method based on incentive auctioning. This has the advantage of inducing participation through economic incentives without a reductions commitment. The downside of this method is that it requires vast investments, as well as the fact that reaching an agreement between participants and the government to decide an objective baseline is difficult. On the other hand, the cap-and-trade method set forth in the Special Act is attractive in that it can be integrated with the air pollutant emissions trading system, but it would be difficult to elicit the participation of the industrial sector in the absence of GHG emission reduction requirements. In the current situation, it would be preferable for the government to induce the participation of the industrial sector by devising a wide variety of incentives because taking part in the emissions trading system before reducing GHG emissions offers large incentives through learning by doing. The timing of GHG reduction commitments and emissions trading system implementation may be uncertain but their Implementation will be unavoidable. Thus the government needs to facilitate preparations for emissions trading of GHG in the future and continuously review its operation in integration with the air pollutant emissions trading system to maximize adaptation and teaming by doing effect in the industrial sector.

A Study on the Evaluation of Importance of Factors Affecting the Vessel Value (선박가치 변화요인에 관한 중요도 평가 연구)

  • Choi, Jung-Suk;Namgung, Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.91-99
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    • 2022
  • The shipping industry is a service industry that operates its business by transporting cargo on ships and receiving freight. Therefore, large-scale capital investment is required for ship operation, and if the value of the ship is uncertain, the risk of shipping management increases. This study aims to identify the factors affecting changes in ship value and to analyze the importance of each variable. To achieve the goal, the factors affecting changes in ship value were identified and structured using the techniques of text mining and topic modeling, and classified into three main factors and 12 sub-factors. This study used AHP analysis to examine the relative importance of each factor. Results indicated that the main factor influencing the change in the vessel value was the shipping factor, followed by the investment factor and the environment factor. Other auxiliary factors that substantially affect the ship value include the volatility of the shipping market and of shipping freight.

Wisdom Definition Categorization and Wisdom Management as Characteristics of the Modern Business Environment (현대 경영환경의 특징에 따른 지혜 정의 분류와 '지혜경영' 제안)

  • Kim, Joo-Won;Lee, Byong-Jae;Park, Yong-Seung
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.13 no.7
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    • pp.63-71
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    • 2015
  • Purpose - The characteristics of the modern management environment in Korea clearly involve the limitations of knowledge management, globalization, changes in industrial structures, polarization of the economy, consumption, and education, and the demand for creative management. To achieve a continuous competitive advantage for individuals as well as organizations, Wisdom Management can be said to be a paradigm for the current environment. The Research is an alternative to environmental management in the early study of the need to conceptualize the theoretical approach to wisdom management. In other words, it presents a new management paradigm for a business environment of uncertainty and unpredictability. Furthermore, it aims to propose Wisdom Management as an alternative in the modern management environment as well as a topic of discourse. Its purpose is to provide basic knowledge to people who study and practice in this field to strengthen the competitiveness of individuals and companies. Research design, data, and methodology - This paper first provides six characteristics of the current management environment at home and abroad. It then attempts to emphasize the necessity of wisdom based on such characteristics by classifying wisdom according to recent management study research. This allows the derivation of definitions of wisdom management, suggesting its components and properties. Results - The six characteristics of the modern business environment are: 1) limits of knowledge, 2) intensifying globalized competition, 3) changes in industry structure - IoT (Internet of all Things) trend, 4) serious polarization and social unrest diffusion, 5) personal and organizational competitiveness creativity requirements, and 6) domestic special national and social situations. Therefore, accordingly, wisdom can be defined and classified as: wisdom that offers potential integration beyond knowledge, practicing and maintaining knowledge wisdom as an efficient strategy for an organization wisdom as a decision-making process that addresses ambivalence wisdom as the pursuit of common goods based on ethics; and, wisdom as creativity that involves intuition and insight. This paper attempts to define Wisdom Management in accordance with these definitions of wisdom. Wisdom Management is a management system that is awareof the current environment given in the multidimensional perspective, achieves the efficiency of the organization and the goals of common good through an uncertain decision-making process, based on the organization of individual and organizational knowledge, and the internal experiences and resources. Wisdom Management components include human beings, virtue, knowledge, creativity, and ambivalent thinking. Its properties include intentionality, self-destructiveness, creative and ethical reflexivity, complexity, insight, unpredictability, ambivalence, and wholeness. Conclusions - Since all organizations face the limitations of their environment, crises, and opportunities, applying wisdom in management to develop as Wisdom Management can be an inevitable alternative to the uncertainties of the management environment faced by modern society. The conceptualization of Wisdom Management forms a valuable context to further advance knowledge management theory into practice. It is also a cornerstone of strategic management and can provide insight into its potential for success and implementation.

Goal-oriented Geometric Model Based Intelligent System Architecture for Adaptive Robotic Motion Generation in Dynamic Environment

  • Lee, Dong-Hun;Hwang, Kyung-Hun;Chung, Chae-Wook;Kuc, Tae-Yong
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2005.06a
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    • pp.2568-2574
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    • 2005
  • Control architecture of the action based robot engineering can be divided into two types of deliberate type - and reactive type- controller. Typical deliberate type, slow in reaction speed, is well suited for the realization of the higher intelligence with its capability to forecast on the basis of environmental model according to time flow, while reactive type is suitable for the lower intelligence as it fits to the realization of speedy reactive action by inputting the sensor without a complete environmental model. Looking at the environments in the application areas in which robots are actually used, we can see that they have been mostly covered by the uncertain and unknown dynamic changes depending on time and place, the previously known knowledge being existed though. It may cause, therefore, any deterioration of the robot performance as well as further happen such cases as the robots can not carry out their desired performances, when any one of these two types is solely engaged. Accordingly this paper aims at suggesting Goal-oriented Geometric Model(GGM) Based Intelligent System Architecture which leads the actions of the robots to perform their jobs under variously changing environment and applying the suggested system structure to the navigation issues of the robots. When the robots do perform navigation in human life changing in a various manner with time, they can appropriately respond to the changing environment by doing the action with the recognition of the state. Extending this concept to cover the highest hierarchy without sticking only to the actions of the robots can lead us to apply to the algorithm to perform various small jobs required for the carrying-out of a large main job.

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Obstacle avoidance of Mobile Robot with Virtual Impedance (가상임피던스를 이용한 원격 이동로봇의 장애물회피)

  • Jin, Tae-Seok
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.451-456
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    • 2009
  • In this paper, a virtual force is generated and fed back to the operator to make the teleoperation more reliable, which reflects the relationship between a slave robot and an uncertain remote environment as a form of an impedance. In general, for the teleoperation, the teleoperated mobile robot takes pictures of the remote environment and sends the visual information back to the operator over the Internet. Because of the limitations of communication bandwidth and narrow view-angles of camera, it is not possible to watch certain regions, for examples, the shadow and curved areas. To overcome this problem, a virtual force is generated according to both the distance between the obstacle and the robot and the approaching velocity of the obstacle w.r.t the collision vector based on the ultrasonic sensor data. This virtual force is transferred back to the master (two degrees of freedom joystick) over the Internet to enable a human operator to estimate the position of obstacle at the remote site. By holding this master, in spite of limited visual information, the operator can feel the spatial sense against the remote environment. It is demonstrated by experiments that this collision vector based haptic reflection improves the performance of teleoperated mobile robot significantly.

Development of Strategic Environment Assessment Model in Urban Development Plan - In case of Metropolitan Plan - (도시개발 행정계획의 전략환경평가 모델개발 - 광역도시계획에의 사례적용 -)

  • Choi, Hee-Sun;Song, Young-Il
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.381-396
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    • 2010
  • It is essential to consider strategies, spatial planning, and reflection of sustainability for the creation of sound urban spaces. To this end, there is a need for plans that can secure better sustainability through strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of plans. This study examined the literature and available precedent to develop a SEA model for administrative plans for urban development including metropolitan plans, urban master plans and urban management plans. In the course of development of the model, environmental issues associated with the urban plans were analyzed by classifying them into ten categories, including "spatial planning," "conservation planning," "greenbelt systems," "habitats." and etc. according to their rank. Furthermore, those issues were reflected on the development of environmental evaluation indices for the plans. Overall and detailed environmental indices that can be applied to the administrative plans for urban development including metropolitan plans, urban master plans and urban management plans were devised for five stages: (1) Establishment of development goals and strategy, (2) Analysis of current status and characteristics, (3) Conceptualization of spatial structure, (4) Planning for each department, and (5) Execution and management. Sub plans are more detailed and concrete. Criteria based on the evaluation indices, when performing evaluations on plans based on each environmental assessment index in reference to experts and the literature, were used to forecast their effects, i.e. whether they had a positive, negative, or no effect or relationship, or whether their effects was uncertain. Based on the forecasts, this study then presents means to establish more improvable plans. Furthermore, by synthesis of the effects according to each index and integration of the process, plans were analyzed overall. This study reflects the characteristics of the present time period based on issues in the SEA process and techniques in upper level administrative plans being newly established, and presents them according to the stage of each plan. Furthermore, by forecasting the effect of plans by stage, this study presents proposals for improvement, and in this aspect, can be meaningful in promoting plan improvements through SEA.

TV Drama Producers' Changing Adaptive Behaviors in Terms of Genre Variety (환경특성이 TV 드라마 제작자의 장르 다양성 수준에 미치는 영향)

  • Limb, Seong-Joon;Lee, Choonkeun;Choo, Seungyoup
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.13 no.7
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    • pp.168-180
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    • 2013
  • Based on the strategic contingency theory, this study empirically examines Korean TV drama producers' changing adaptive behaviors in terms of genre variety given different levels of environmental uncertainty. The extant literature has suggested that firms tend to increase product variety in order to cope with increasing environmental uncertainty. This study attempted to verify the hypothesis that TV drama producers would employ wider variety of genre in the period with more uncertain environment(2003-2009) than the period with stable environment(1994-2002). Empirical results support the hypothesis, implying that TV drama producers tend to repeatedly produce dramas with the same genre in order to pursue efficiency in stable environment whereas they tend to employ a variety of different genre in order to cope with increasing environmental uncertainty.

Uptake and Translocation of Ethoprophos Mixed with Soil for Cultivation of Preceding Crop into Succeeding Crop (전작물 재배를 위해 토양에 혼화처리된 Ethoprophos의 후작물 흡수이행)

  • Kwak, Se-Yeon;Lee, Sang-Hyeob;Kim, Hyo-Young;Shin, Byung-Gon;Kim, Jang-Eok
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.92-98
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    • 2021
  • BACKGROUND: Unintentional residual pesticide in soil derived from preceding crops and the transfer to succeeding crops was considered a critical barrier for positive list system (PLS). Thus, an uncertain risk is predicted for ethoprophos applied at cultivation of preceding crop (Korean cabbage) to succeeding crop (spinach). METHODS AND RESULTS: Ethoprophos was treated on soil following the recommended dose and 5 times dose according to the safe use guidelines for Korean cabbage after seeding. On the 4 days after harvesting of preceding crop, spinach was sowed. The initial residual amounts of ethoprophos on soil (7.081-19.493 mg/kg) were decreased to 3.832-7.218 mg/kg until the harvest of Korean cabbage, and then finally decreased to 0.011-0.079 mg/kg after spinach cultivation. The uptake rates of ethoprophos from soil by Korean cabbage were 0.01-0.03% and distributed to root (0.150-0.903 mg/kg) and shoot (0.021-0.151 mg/kg), respectively. The residual amounts of uptake and translocation from preceding crop cultivated soil to spinach edible part were found to be below LOQ. CONCLUSION: The plant back internal (PBI) for ethoprophos is not recommended during sequential cultivation of leafy vegetables, since the residual amounts of ethoprophos in spinach were less than MRL (0.02 mg/kg).

Survey on the contamination of listeria sp In meats which was collected in Kyongbuk province (경북지역에서 수거된 식육의 listeria sp 오염실태 조사)

  • 조종숙;김유정;김성숙;도재철;김석환;이창우;김인성;정종식
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.341-348
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    • 2000
  • Nowadays we continue to face challenges to the safety of our foods. It seems clear that contaminated meats provide the major route of listeria monocytogenes transmission from the environment to humans. L monocytogenes is the most important species associated with disease in humans among the listeria sp. The current incidence of symptomatic listeriosis caused by L monocytogenes is uncertain. Although the number of reports in the literature on listeriosis are increasing, it is likely that they are actually unrecognized or underreported because of a lack of awareness on the part of some laboratory workers who fail to isolate or identify these organisms. To get the information of sanitary development, we survey various meats (beef, pork, etc) in Kyongbuk area. Samples were collected from local meat shop at Kyongbuk area. Total sixty six case were isolated and identified from one hundreds and seven samples. L innocua was the most abundant in listeria sp. Among U isolates, the number of isolated L innocua was 43 (65.2%). The numbers of isolated L murrayi, L welshimeri, L monocytogenes and L seeligeri were 12(18.2%), 7(10.6%), 3(4.5%) and 1(1.5%), respectively, but L grayi, L iuanouii were not Isolated.

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The Effect of the Carbon Tax on Steel Industry using System Dynamics (시스템다이내믹스를 이용한 탄소세 부과가 철강 산업에 미치는 효과 분석)

  • Jeong, Suk-Jae;Song, Jae-Ho;Kim, Kyung-Sup;Park, Jin-Won
    • Korean System Dynamics Review
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.115-140
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    • 2007
  • Changes in material use, energy use and emissions profiles of steel industry are the result of complex interrelationships among a multitude of technological and economic drivers. To better understand and guide such changes requires that attention is paid to the time-varying consequences that technology and economic influences have on an industry's choice of inputs and its associated outputs. We briefly review the range of policy issues in our paper and assess the impact that climate-change policies may have on energy use and carbon emissions in Korea steel industry. We then present the models of Korea steel industry's energy and product flow regarding environmental regulations by using system dynamics simulation methodology(SD). Time series data and engineering information are combined to endogenously specify changes in technologies, fuel mix, and production processes within dynamic simulation model. Through a various scenario, ramifications that the convention of climate change would to steel industry is analyzed, and based on the study results, strategies against environment changes is contemplated in various perspectives to contribute to minimize the risks concerning the uncertain future and to be conducive to Korea steel industry's sustainable development.

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