• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1563-1571
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• 2003

This paper is the second part of several companion papers which compare the method of Air-fuel ratio(AFR) determination. In the previous paper, Eltinge chart was applied to the arbitrary fuel composition and the charts for gasoline, diesel, methanol, M85, liquefied petroleum gas(LPG), natural gas(NG), propane and butane were illustrated. In Eltinge chart, however, unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) is not used for determination of AFR. For improving accuracy, Eltinge suggested UHC compensation after the AFR reading in the chart. This compensation reduced the difference between real and reading value. In the compensation, however, the correction of oxygen and carbon dioxide is uncertain and there might be a mistake in conversion of UHC reading value. Therefore, the error is overestimated comparing with Spindt one which is most widely used. In addition, there is no comparison of the value with other useful methods. In this paper, the compensation of unburned HC was performed in Eltinge chart and the compensated value was compared with Spindts formula over wide range of AFR. The objects of investigating fuel are gasoline, methanol, NG and LPG. The result shows that Eltinge and Spindt method is flawlessly compatible and the difference between the two methods is under 0.3% in a λrange from 0.9 to 1.7. The method fur debugging instrumentation error is also presented.

• 에너지공학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 탄소 균형 및 1차식에 의한 공연비 산정방법을 대체연료에 적용하여 그 결과를 비교하였다. 이전의 연구에서는 Eltinge 차트의 확장, 미연탄화수소의 보상 및 다양한 방법으로부터 계산한 결과를 비교하였다. 또한 Eltinge 방법은 현재 공연비를 산정하는 방법 중 가장 일반적인 식이라는 것을 확인하였다. 그러나 최근 지구온난화 방지를 포함하여 환경 보호와 에너지보존에 대한 요구가 증가하면서 내연기관에 대체연료를 사용이 도입되기 시작하면서 이러한 대체연료들에 대한 공연비의 정확한 산정이 필요하게 되었다. 특히, 산소를 포함하는 연료에서는 Eltigne방법을 제외하고 모든 공연비 산정법들이 다시 유도되어야한다. 이 연구에서는 이미 그 정확성이 확인된 탄소균형식을 이용하여 대체연료의 공연비를 산정하기 위해 다시 유도하였고, 각 대체 연료에 실제로 적용이 가능한 1차식을 새로이 제시하였다. 평가 결과, 탄소균형식으로 계산한 공연비는 가솔린 연료와 비교하여 다소 오차가 증가하였지만, 그 정확도는 다양한 대체 연료들에 적용하기에 충분하다는 결론을 얻었다. 또한, 제시된 1차식은 $\lambda=1.2$이하에서는 그 정확도가 매우 높았다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1147-1154
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• 2004

This paper is the third of several companion papers which compare the method of Air-Fuel ratio determination. In the previous works, Eltinge chart was expanded to arbitrary fuel composition as a reference exhaust composition. The compensation of unburned hydrocarbon in Eltinge chart and comparison of Spindt and Eltinge method were also discussed. In addition to Eltinge and Spindt's one, however, there are many methods which calculate Air-Fuel ratio from exhaust emission. Among these methods, carbon balance and oxygen balance are widely used in practice. In some applications, linear formula from statistical method is being used in the field due to its simplicity and convenience. In this paper, these various methods are evaluated and compared with Eltinge results and new linear formula is proposed for the gasoline fuel. The results show that the corrected carbon balance equation has excellent agreement with Eltinge and Spindt's one. On the other hands, the oxygen-balanced formula has a limitation according to the mixture state and AFR. For gasoline fuel, newly proposed linear equation has good compatibility with Eltinge and Spindt up to AFR 17.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1548-1562
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• 2003

This paper is the first of several companion papers which compare the methods of Air-fuel ratio determination. There are many methods which calculate Air-Fuel ratio from exhaust emission. Most of them are based on the simple chemical equations, which use balance of atom, and the error of the calculation is negligible as far as the instrumentation accuracy is guaranteed. They assume homogeneous mixture and complete combustion to the extent of oxygen availability. Because of these simple assumptions, they cannot offer the information about the fuel distribution state and the malfunction of instrument. For these limitations, Eltinge offered new one based on stricter mathematical model. This result coincides with the others very well and gives more information about the mixture state and instrumentation. Consequently this might be a general solution for Air-fuel ratio determination and exhaust composition. The objects of the calculation, however, were not commercial fuels except gasoline and the compensation method of unburned hydrocarbon was not appropriate to recent analyzer. Moreover he did not consider the fuel which contains oxygen, such as methanol, ethanol and blend of gasoline-alcohol. In this paper, Eltinge chart is expanded to the arbitrary fuel composition as the reference exhaust compositions for the purpose of further discussions about Air-fuel ratio determination methods and the charts fur gasoline, diesel, methanol, M85, liquefied petroleum gas(LPG), natural gas(NG), propane, butane are illustrated.