• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.275-289
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• 2013

The cross sections of multi-span beams are sometimes suddenly increased at the interior support of continuous beams to resist high negative moment. An earlier study on elastic lateral torsional buckling of stepped beams was conducted to propose new design equations. This research aims to continue the earlier study by considering the effect of inelastic buckling of stepped beams subjected to pure bending and general loading condition. A three-dimensional finite element-program ABAQUS and a statistical program MINITAB were used in the development of new design equations. The inelastic lateral torsional buckling strengths of 36 and 27 models for singly and doubly stepped beams, respectively, were investigated. The general loading condition consists of 15 loading cases based on the number of inflection point within the unbraced length of the stepped beams. The combined effects of residual stresses and geometrical imperfection were also considered to evaluate the inelastic buckling strengths. The proposed equations in this study will definitely improve current design methods for the inelastic lateral-torsional buckling of stepped beams and will increase efficiency in building and bridge design.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.393-411
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• 2013

In the analysis and design of reinforced concrete frames beam-column joints are sometimes assumed as rigid. This simplifying assumption can be unsafe because it is likely to affect the distributions of internal forces and moments, reduce drift and increase the overall load-carrying capacity of the frame. This study is concerned with the relevance of shear deformation of beam-column joints, in particular of exterior ones, on the quasi-static behavior of regular reinforced concrete sway frames. The included parametric studies of a simple sub-frame model reveal that the quasi-static monotonic behavior of unbraced regular reinforced concrete frames is prone to be significantly affected by the deformation of beam-column joints.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2010

Vinyl house is a simple agricultural structure that is installed economically and easily. In contrast, every year the farmers have spent a lot of money because of the collapse of this structure caused by the external forces such as strong wind and heavy snow. To prevent this damage due to frequent heavy snow and strong wind, it would be necessary to design it again. But getting rid of former vinyl house and reconstructing is unreasonable. It would be very economic if the former vinyl house is strengthened simply. This paper covers the investigation of the effect of the bracing systems that are additionally inserted inside the ordinary single frames as well as unbraced multiple frames that resisting only the strong wind load.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.453-469
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• 2004

In this article, a genetic algorithm based optimum design method is presented for non-linear steel frames with semi-rigid connections. The design algorithm obtains the minimum weight frame by selecting suitable sections from a standard set of steel sections such as European wide flange beams (i.e., HE sections). A genetic algorithm is employed as optimization method which utilizes reproduction, crossover and mutation operators. Displacement and stress constraints of Turkish Building Code for Steel Structures (TS 648, 1980) are imposed on the frame. The algorithm requires a large number of non-linear analyses of frames. The analyses cover both the non-linear behaviour of beam-to-column connection and $P-{\Delta}$ effects of beam-column members. The Frye and Morris polynomial model is used for modelling of semi-rigid connections. Two design examples with various type of connections are presented to demonstrate the application of the algorithm. The semi-rigid connection modelling results in more economical solutions than rigid connection modelling, but it increases frame drift.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.407-420
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• 2005

This study presents the strength of braced and unbraced cold-formed steel wall frames consisting of several wall studs acting as columns, top and bottom tracks, and bracing members. The strength and the buckling mode of steel wall frames were found to be different due to the change of bracing type. In addition, the spacing of wall studs is a crucial factor to the strength of steel wall frames. The comparisons were made between the test results and the predictions computed based on AISI Code. The related specifications do not clearly provides the effective length factors for the member of cold-formed steel frame under compression. This paper proposes effective length factors for the steel wall frames based on the test results. A theoretical model is also derived to obtain the modulus of elastic support provided by the bracing at mid-height of steel wall frames in this research.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제85권3호
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• pp.353-367
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• 2023

An extended parametric study based on nonlinear finite element analyses is performed to assess the key factors affecting the shear behaviour of exterior beam-column joints of unbraced reinforced concrete frames. Extensive results are presented, the major conclusion being that the few shear behaviour models for exterior reinforced concrete beam-column joints available in the literature do not properly account for some of the most influential factors. The present results are also compared with recently published results for interior joints, showing that while some factors have a similar influence on interior and exterior joints others are relevant for only one of these types of joints. This also confirms, numerically, that some resisting mechanisms of exterior joints differ from those of interior joints.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.577-585
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• 2023

횡비틀림 좌굴은 가설 중 붕괴 사고 등의 안전사고를 유발할 수 있기 때문에 설계단계에서 좌굴에 대한 정확한 안전성 검토가 이루어져야 한다. 횡비틀림 좌굴을 방지하기 위한 방안으로 단부 보강을 통해 거더의 뒤틀림 강도 증가시키거나 크로스 프레임 설치를 통해 비지지길이를 감소하는 방법 등이 있다. 크로스 프레임은 바닥판 합성 이후 구조적 역할이 적은 반면 재료비와 설치비에 따른 인건비 비중이 매우 크며, 용접부의 피로 균열로 인해 유지관리 성능을 감소시키는 요인으로 작용할 수 있다. 콘크리트 충전 반원기둥보강재를 통한 단부 보강 공법은 반원기둥 형태의 보강재를 통해 플레이트 거더의 단부를 보강하는 공법으로 거더 자체의 뒤틀림 강성을 증가시켜 횡비틀림 좌굴 강도를 증가시킨다. 이 연구에서는 콘크리트 충전 반원기둥보강재가 적용된 플레이트 거더의 뒤틀림 강도 증가로 인한 횡비틀림 좌굴 강도의 영향을 검토하기 위하여 설계식에 의한 결과와 유한요소해석의 결과를 비교하였고 실물재하실험을 통해 검증하였다. 설계식은 경계조건의 구속과 관련된 유효길이계수를 적용하고 있는 Eurocode의 설계식을 사용하였으며 결과를 검증하기 위하여다양한 단면의 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 이후 횡방향 하중을 통해 뒤틀림을 받는 거더의 실물재하실험을 수행하여 콘크리트 충전 반원기둥보강재의 성능을 확인하였다. 그 결과 CFHPS가 적용된 플레이트 거더는 기존 판형 보강재가 적용된 플레이트 거더와 비교하여 뒤틀림 강도가 증가하였으며 그로 인해 횡비틀림 좌굴 강도가 증가하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2020

Geometric nonlinearity can significantly affect load-carrying capacity of slender columns. Dependence of structural stability on columns necessitates the consideration of second-order effects in the design process of columns, appropriately. On the whole, the design codes present a simplified procedure for second order analysis of slender columns. In this approximate method, the end moments of columns resulted from linear analysis (first-order) are multiplied by the recommended moment amplification factors of codes to achieve magnified moments of the second-order analysis. In the other approach, the equilibrium equations are directly solved for the deformed configuration of structure, so the resulting moments and deflections contain the influence of slenderness and increase more rapidly than do loads. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of moment amplification factors of Iranian national building code whose provisions are similar to the ACI requirement. Herein, finite element method is used to achieve magnified end moments of reinforced concrete moment resisting frames, and the outcomes are compared with the moments acquired based on the proposed approximate method by Iranian national building code. The results show that the approximate method of Iranian code for calculating magnified moments has significant errors for both unbraced and braced columns.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.209-222
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• 2002

This paper describes the buckling phenomenon of a tubular truss with unsupported length through a full-scale test and presents a practical computational method for the design of the trusses allowing for the contribution of torsional stiffness against buckling, of which the effect has never been considered previously by others. The current practice for the design of a planar truss has largely been based on the linear elastic approach which cannot allow for the contribution of torsional stiffness and tension members in a structural system against buckling. The over-simplified analytical technique is unable to provide a realistic and an economical design to a structure. In this paper the stability theory is applied to the second-order analysis and design of the structural form, with detailed allowance for the instability and second-order effects in compliance with design code requirements. Finally, the paper demonstrates the application of the proposed method to the stability design of a commonly adopted truss system used in support of glass panels in which lateral bracing members are highly undesirable for economical and aesthetic reasons.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제15권4호통권65호
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• pp.457-466
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• 2003

본 연구의 목적은 실험적 방법을 통하여 P-${\Delta}$ 효과를 고려한 기둥항복형 강구조 골조의 안정성을 고찰하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 3개의 1층 1스팬 기둥항복형 강구조 비가새 골조에 대한 가력실험을 실시하였다. 실험의 변수로는 기둥의 강성과 축력비를 적용하였다. 실험결과 기둥의 강성 감소는 P-${\Delta}$효과를 증가시켜 골조의 안정성에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 보항복형 골조와 비교하여 최대내력 도달 이후의 내력자하 현상이 다소 급격하게 나타났다. 이것은 기둥의 강성이 낮은 기둥항복형 골조의 경우 P-${\Delta}$효과의 영향이 골조의 안정성에 미치는 영향이 증가되어 나타난 현상으로 사료된다.