• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.II
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• pp.446-459
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• 2000

This study was carried out in order to find out an effective machinery utilization strategy by conducting a survey on utilization and maintenance of agricultural machinery. The survey showed that the no. of utilization hours for power tiller in a year was 190.2hrs, 208.6hrs for tractor, 59.1hrs for rice transplanter, 74.0 hrs for combine, 44.6 cultivator and 254.4hrs for 4.4hrs for grain dryer. The period covered the time the machine was until it became unserviceable. The results are as follows: 10.0yrs for power tiller, 7.5yrs for tractor, 7.4yrs for rice transplanter and 5.4yrs for combine. This indicate that the actual period of use for power tiller and rice transplanter was longer than the expected period of duration years so there is a need for adjustment. The factors considered by the farmers for purchasing agricultural machine were: farm size(32%), machine operation (26.0%), performance(l4.0%) and post or after sales service(12.6%), according to the survey. It showed that repair cost rate in a year was classified into major agricultural machine; 4.8% for combine; 3.9% for tractor; 3.5% for rice transplanter; 2.0% for power tiller; 1.6% for grain dryer; and 1.2% for cultivator. The reasons for poor maintenance were insufficient after sales service(25%) and difficulty in buying parts(75%) because of the unavailability of parts in local shops(55%), imported models(30%) and outmoded model(15%).

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권10B호
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• pp.891-899
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• 2006

일반적으로 무선 네트워크는 일정한 크기의 셀 단위로 구성된다. 통신 중인 단말은 이러한 셀 사이를 이동하게 되고, 셀과 셀 사이를 이동하는 것을 핸드오프라고 한다. 최근의 셀 크기는 보다 많은 사용자를 수용하기 위해 피코 셀 단위로까지 작아지고 있다. 이렇게 셀 단위가 작아지면, 더욱 빈번한 핸드오프가 일어나게 된다. 한편, 증가 추세에 있는 멀티미디어 서비스에 대한 만족도를 높이기 위해 QoS를 보장하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 빈번한 핸드오프로 인한 연결 실패율을 줄이고자 지리적 정보를 토대로 이동성을 예측하고, 그 예측 결과를 사용하여 이동 단말의 속도에 따라 대역폭 예약을 다르게 하는 방식을 제안한다. 이 방식은 이동 단말의 속도와, 셀 내의 도로 사정, 도로 사정에 따른 다음 셀 이동 확률 등을 이용하여 대역의 예약범위와 예약 대역폭 량을 결정한다. 이러한 방법으로 좀 더 확실한 이동성 예측과 예약 대역폭 미사용에 따른 대역폭 낭비를 줄이는 효과가 나타날 것이다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.1479-1495
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• 2012

Spectrum scarcity seems to be the most challenging issue to be solved in new wireless telecommunication services. It is shown that spectrum unavailability is mainly due to spectrum inefficient utilization and inappropriate physical layer execution rather than spectrum shortage. Daily increasing demand for new wireless services with higher data rate and QoS level makes the upgrade of the physical layer modulation techniques inevitable. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) which utilizes multicarrier modulation to provide higher data rates with the capability of flexible resource allocation, although has widely been used in current wireless systems and standards, seems not to be the best candidate for cognitive radio systems. Filter Bank based Multi-Carrier (FBMC) is an evolutionary scheme with some advantages over the widely-used OFDM multicarrier technique. In this paper, we focus on the total throughput improvement of a cognitive radio network using FBMC modulation. Along with this modulation scheme, we propose a novel uplink radio resource allocation algorithm in which fairness issue is also considered. Moreover, the average throughput of the proposed FBMC based cognitive radio is compared to a conventional OFDM system in order to illustrate the efficiency of using FBMC in future cognitive radio systems. Simulation results show that in comparison with the state of the art two algorithms (namely, Shaat and Wang) our proposed algorithm achieves higher throughputs and a better fairness for cognitive radio applications.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2007

Purpose: Inadequate hospital stocking and unavailability of essential antidotes is a worldwide problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the adequacy of antidote stocks in Korean hospitals based on a modified version of US antidote stocking guidelines. Methods: Both written and telephone surveys to collect information on hospital demographics and antidote stocking were given to the emergency departments or hospital pharmacies of 117 hospitals with emergency medical centers. The twenty antidotes included in the survey were taken from year 2000 US antidote stocking guidelines, except for activated charcoal and black widow spider antivenin. Antidote stocks were compared by hospital size, geographic location, and type of emergency medical center. Results: Complete responses were received from all hospitals. A mean of $12.4{\pm}2.9$ antidotes were adequately stocked per hospital. All hospitals stocked atropine, $CaCl_2$ naloxone, and sodium bicarbonate. However, digoxin Fab fragment (16%), cyanide kits (15%), EDTA (10%), BAL (9%), and fomepizole (1%) were not uniformly stocked. Large and teaching hospitals were significantly more likely to stock greater numbers of antidotes. Conclusions: Korean hospitals as a group do not have adequate antidote stocks. Korean stocking guidelines and an antidote management system are recommended in order to correct these deficiencies.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

2004년부터 정부는 기존 산업의 고도화를 위해 RFID/USN활용 지원사업을 단계적으로 추진해 왔다. 최근들어 일부 대기업을 중심으로 RFID/USN활용 성과들이 확인되고 있으나, 추가적인 산업정책 및 지원을 위한 기본적인 정책 자료가 부족한 실정이다. 이에 2008년도 시행된 27개의 시범사업을 대상으로 실 수혜기관의 만족도를 조사하여 RFID/USN의 구축단계, 활용단계(기술적 품질), 활용단계(업무적 품질), 그리고 유지보수단계 등 4단계에서의 만족도를 평가하고, 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, RFID/USN 기술의 안정성은 상당한 수준에 도달하였으나. 활용 및 확산을 위한 유지보수단계의 만족도가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 정책적 시사점으로 태그 및 기기의 저렴한 제공, 서비스 신뢰성 및 지속성을 위한 유지보수 컨소시엄 구성, RFID/USN 활용을 위한 수혜기업의 내부역량 강화 등 RFID/USN 유지보수 단계의 구체적인 정책지원등을 제시하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제39C권3호
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• pp.264-274
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• 2014

수중음향 네트워크를 이용한 다양한 수중 어플리케이션에서 노드들은 서로 통신을 통하여 협업 또는 자율 독립적으로 동작하기 때문에 노드들 간 시간 동기화 문제는 중요한 이슈가 되고 있다. 또한, 수중 음향네트워크에서는 육상 네트워크에서와 달리 GPS 사용불가, 긴 전파지연, 해류에 의한 노드의 이동, 제한적 전력소비, 낮은 전송속도 등의 고유의 제약 사항이 있어 수중 노드들의 시간 동기화를 위해서는 이러한 제약 들이 반드시 고려된다. 본 논문에서는 수중음향 네트워크를 위해 보다 효율적인 시간 동기화 프로토콜 개발을 위해, 현재까지 개발되었던 수중 동기화 프로토콜의 특징을 비교 분석하여 현재 (state-of-the-art) 수중 음향 네트워크 동기화 연구 동향의 흐름을 정리한다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.934-940
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• 2010

The reduction of [$Os_3(CO)_{11}P(OMe)_3$] and subsequent ionic coupling of the reduced species with $[Ru({\eta}^5-C_5H_5)(CH_3CN)_3]^+$ resulted in the formation of [$Os_3(CO)_{11}P(OMe)_3(Ru({\eta}^5-C_5H_5))_2$] which can be converted to spiked tetrahedral cluster, [$HOs_3(CO)_{11}P(OMe)_3Ru_2({\eta}^5-C_5H_5)(C_5H_4)$] via the intramolecular hydrogen transfer. Due to the unavailability of a suitable single crystal, the PW91/SDD and LDA/SDD density functional methods were used to predict possible structures and the available spectroscopic information (IR, NMR) of [$Os_3(CO)_{11}P(OMe)_3(Ru({\eta}^5-C_5H_5))_2$]. The most probable geometry found by constrained search is the isomer (a2) in which the phosphite, $P(OMe)_3$, occupies an axial position on one of the two osmium atoms that is edge bridged by the $Ru(CO)_2({\eta}^5-C_5H_5)$ unit. By using the most probably geometry, the predicted infrared frequencies and $^1H$, $^{13}C$ and $^{31}P$ NMR chemical shifts of the compound are in the same range as the experimental values. For this type of complex, the LDA/SDD method is appropriate for IR predictions whereas the OPBE/IGLO-II method is appropriate for NMR predictions. The activation energy and reaction energy of the intramolecular hydrogen transfer coupled with the structural change of the transition metal framework were estimated at the PW91/SDD level to be 110.32 and -0.14 kcal/mol respectively.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 5G 시스템에서 저지연 통신들을 위한 효율적인 세션 관리 기법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서의 효율적인 세션 관리 기법은 저지연 통신들을 위한 세션 설정 실패 시 불필요한 재시도 제어 오버헤드를 방지, 단말의 배터리 소모를 막고 네트워크 리소스 낭비를 방지할 수 있도록 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 만약 단말이 네트워크 실패 혹은 리소스 부족으로 인하여 5G 시스템과의 저전력 통신을 위한 Always-on PDU 세션 설정이 실패했을 때, 5G 네트워크로부터 실패 관련 특정 정보를 포함한 NAS 메시지에 의하여 단말의 Always-on PDU 세션 재설정을 제한한다. 실험 결과, 현재 3GPP 5G 시스템에서의 세션 관리 방안과 비교하여 제안하는 ESMS는 불필요한 제어 오버헤드를 최소화하고, 단말의 배터리 효율성을 향상시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.219-232
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• 2020

The slip-weakening model developed by Ohnaka and Yamashita is extended over the breakdown zone by equating the scaling relationships for the breakdown zone and the whole rupture area. For the extension, the study uses the relationship between rupture velocity and radiation efficiency, which was derived in the theory of linear elastic fracture mechanics, and the definition of f_max given in the specific barrier model proposed by Papageorgiou and Aki. The results clearly show that the extended scaling relationship is governed by the ratio of rupture velocity to S wave velocity, and the velocity ratio can be determined by the ratio of characteristic frequencies of a Fourier amplitude spectrum, which are corner frequency, f_c, and source-controlled cut-off frequency, f_max, or vice versa. The derived relationship is tested by using the characteristic frequencies extracted from previous studies of more than 130 shallow crustal events (focal depth less than 25 km, M_W 3.0~7.5) that occurred in Japan. Under the assumption of a dynamic similarity, the rupture velocity estimated from f_max/f_c and the modified integral timescale give quite similar scale-dependence of the rupture area to that given by Kanamori and Anderson. Also, the results for large earthquakes show good agreement to the values from a kinematic inversion in previous studies. The test results also indicate the unavailability of the spectral self-similarity proposed by Aki because of the scale-dependent rupture velocity and the rupture velocity-dependent f_max/f_c; however, the results do support the local similarity asserted by Ohnaka. It is also remarkable that the relationship between the rupture velocity and f_max/f_c is quite similar to Kolmogorov's hypothesis on a similarity in the theory of isotropic turbulence.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.163-177
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• 2014

This study aimed to investigate the perception, consumption, and acceptability of convenience mealsin low-income female elderly attending a lunch program at a community well fare center. Using in-depth interviews, qualitative data were collected 11 elderly females ($62.5{\pm}11.2y$) living in Seoul. Participants tried to eat various foods in small-portionsat home, although they ate out what they were offered. Elderly females preferred lunch box-type meals containing a bowl of rice served with toppings, gruel, or Bibimbop due to the growing unavailability of cooking or preparing a meal. Side-dish type convenience mealswere also preferred among elderly females since boiled rice can be easily prepared according to individual preferences. In addition, participants preferred healthy foods. Convenience meal planning and production, appropriate kinds of foods, cooking methods, menus, and packaging should be selected based on the elderly's functional atrophy in chewing, swallowing, digestion, and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, food preferences and comfort foods among the elderlyneed to be identified and characterized. Therefore, more information, including bite size, cutting size, and food texture, should be provided to understand and develop convenience meals for the elderly.