• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.295-310
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• 2010

Since wall paintings in Maitreya Hall of Geumsan-sa temple had displayed a serious state of damage and deterioration, a detailed examination such as structural analysis of the wall, cause of damage, and the state of deterioration have been thoroughly conducted before the conservation treatment has commenced. The most seriously deteriorated part of the wall paintings was the south wall of the building in particular in its painted and surface layer. The painted layer had formed its own layer of thick, which has been separation from the surface layer. As such problem developed the whole surface layer has been separated from the wall. The problem has been caused by two reasons: 1. the heavy weight of the roof section and it caused cracks and damage on the wall; 2. the loss of function of consolidating material and it caused discolouring and the separation of surface layer from the wall. The cause of damage on the painted and surface layers can be assumed in two ways: 1. its surrounding environment such as the change of temperature and humidity level and ultraviolet rays ; 2. the loss of mechanical function of consolidating material, synthetic resin which had been applied in the past conservation treatment. The separation of layers from the wall and cracks was caused by the mistake in choosing an applicable consolidating material and dismantling technique which had ignored a different characteristic of the wall painting of Korean buddhist temples.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.4 s.46
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• pp.313-323
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• 2005

XRD, XRF, EPMA, FT-IR, and SEM-CL studies were carried out in order to characterize gemological features of corundum from Tanzania. Fluorescence reaction of the Tanzanian corundum to short and long wave ultraviolet rays was weakly detected. Inclusions in Tanzanian corundum are divided into five types, Type I is fluid-rich inclusion, Type II is gas-rich inclusion, Type III is liquid $CO_{2}$ inclusion, Type IV is solid-rich inclusion, and Type V is a mixture of fluid and solid inclusion and daughter minerals. SEM-CL images show twin structure with growth texture, microphenocryst of spinel solid inclusions, massive and growth texture. Ruby and sapphire from Tanzania are distinctly distinguished by concentrations of Fe and Cr, and plotted in the particular field at $Al_{2}O_{3}/100-Cr_{2}O_{3}-Fe_{2}O_{3}$ diagram. According to FT-IR analysis, all corundum specimens from Tanzania showed the similar patterns, and absorption peaks of $455.09\~459.23\;cm^{-1},\;603.15\~611.71\;cm^{-1},\;1509.00\~1655.05\;cm^{-1}\;and\;3436.41\~3468.87\;cm^{-1}$. These distinctive characteristics mentioned above can be used to identify the locality and source of corundum stones from Tanzania.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.515-521
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• 2010

This paper dealt with the design and fabrication of an energy saving light emitting diode (LED) fishing lamp. Most fishes such as a squid, horse mackerel, mackerel, sardine and scabbard fish have characteristics for phototaxis and fishing lamps have promoted the fishery efficiency using their photo-reaction. In these days, metal halide lamp (MHL) as the fishing lamp, which consumes 1.5 kW and radiates harmful ultraviolet rays are mainly used. To develop the LED-fishing lamp, the penetration depth in sea water and the photo-reaction of a squid as light wavelength were studied. The experimental results showed the both characteristics were existed in blue color around 470 nm. Based on the results, we manufactured a 160 W and blue LED-fishing lamp which is consume about one-nine of 1.5 kW MHL. As energy saving effect, the use of LED-fishing lamp can reduce 128 kWh per an hour which is correspond to $CO_2$ of 86 kg for a 22ton-fishing boat equipped with 80-1.5 kW MHL. Now, the prototype LED fishing lampsare being evaluated on two fishing boats.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.299-306
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• 2016

In this study, new hydroxyapatite powder surface composites were investigated for protective effects against ultraviolet rays. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is biocompatible and does not cause nebula phenomenon on skin. We investigated the surface modification of hydroxyapatite to improve UV block and skin usage. Dimethicone, lauroyl lysine, triethoxycaprylylsilane and silica were used as coating agents for the surface modification of HAp. To prepare the composite complex of the modified surface, the dimethicone, lauroyl lysine and triethoxycaprylylsilane were prepared by a dry process, and silica by a hydrothermal synthesis method. The HAp-silica was chosen as the best composite powder when measuring its sun protection levels. We investigated the characteristics of the surface of HAp-silica by SEM, particle size analyzer and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Additionally, the stability in the formulation, UV block effect, and safety in BB creams were investigated. In conclusion, HAp-silica prepared by the modification of HAp complex surface improved the skin usage and UV block effect by enhancing the white cloudy phenomenon. These results indicate that HAp-silica may be used for UV block cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.1138-1150
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• 2020

In this study, an experiment was conducted to develop a sunscreen with antioxidant effects by simultaneously investigating the antioxidant and UV protection capabilities of various plant extracts. First, to investigate the UV-blocking ability of 33 kinds of plant extracts, the absorbance spectrum between the UV wavelength of 280 to 400 nm was investigated. Arrowroot, graviola, wheat sprout, sangbaek skin, thorn meal, lacquer, etc. 11 species were selected. The total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the selected plant extracts are measured to examine the degree of antioxidant activity, and from this, it is a plant extract that has excellent UV protection and antioxidant activity at the same time. The species was selected. A gel-shaped cream is prepared by mixing the selected gold, hops, and licorice extracts in a ratio of 1:1:1, and the UV protection effect of this cream is measured when the cultured cells are irradiated with UV rays. Determined by the method. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the selected mixture of plant extracts complemented each other in terms of ultraviolet absorption ability and increased cell damage protection effect. Through these results, it was confirmed that it was possible to develop a sunscreen with an antioxidant effect if the antioxidant and sunscreen capabilities of various plant extracts were determined at the same time.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.813-820
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• 2013

Monoterpenoids were recently found as main biologically active compounds which is responsible for various physiological effect in goat's beard (Aruncus dioicus). Ethyl acetate extract of A. dioicus (ADE) was treated to B16F10 melanoma cells for the examination of whitening activity. MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell toxicity and the result showed that slight cell toxicity (> 10%) by over $500{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$. Thus, 0, 5, 10, or $50{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ ADE was used for further experiments. We found that tyrosinase activity was decreased according to ADE concentration, and the total melanin content was also dramatically reduced. Especially with $50{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ ADE treatment tyrosinase activity was reduced to 35.6%, and 58.8% of melanin content was lowered. In addition, whitening related proteins including tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP1), TRP2, microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF) and cAMP and protein kinase A (PKA) were reduced by ADE treatment. It caused decreased phosphorylation of cAMP response binding protein (CREB) but increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal related kinase (ERK). Therefore, in this paper we would like to suggest the potent usage of A. dioicus natively grown in Ulleungdo, Korea as materials of functional cosmetics by confirming whitening activity related with melanin content.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1385-1391
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• 2012

The authenticity of a document is recognized only when sealing on the document can be recognized to be the same as the original seal of a person who drew up the document. But forge in various ways is prevalent; forge through stamp-copy, forge through photocopying, forge through computer seal sculpture machine, forge through photosensitive resin, etc. Among the methods above, a method of making a forged seal with photosensitive resin panels, which is one of the easiest forging methods, enables making a forged seal the same as the original seal through the work of projecting ultraviolet rays on a resin panel on which negative film is stuck after making it using the original seal. But as research into this reality has not been sufficiently carried on, it is difficult to identify forged sealing through photosensitive resin seals, indeed. For this reason, unless regulations about making forged seals using resin machine for print are enforced, crimes related to forged seals using photosensitive resin are expected to increase in the future. Thus, after stamping 10 resin seals made based on an original seal carved of thick and thin strokes of characters, this paper intends to clarify that there are differences between original sealing and forged sealing through sealing identification method. Consequently, we verified the significant difference in the statistics between original sealing and forged sealing.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1445-1453
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• 2013

Human skin is constantly exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, polluted air, and chemical products. UV rays, in particular, will affect the skin in a variety of ways, including causing wrinkles, fine lines, rough skin, and xeroderma, thereby resulting in skin aging. This study aimed to investigate the whitening effects of Juniperus rigida Sieb., which is a cedar tree that is found throughout the world. The whitening efficacy that was measured by tyrosinase inhibition revealed 49.4% efficacy in water extract and 80.0% efficacy in ethanol extract. Among the B16F10 black cells, the effect of the ethanol extract was higher than the effect of the water extract in the restrain creation of melanin pigment, tyrosinase, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2). Thus, the results of these studies demonstrated that the ethanol extract had greater efficacy than the water extract and Juniperus rigida Sieb. Ethanol extracts could be utilized as materials for functional cosmetics, such as whitening products.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.529-534
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• 2008

The reactive oxygen species generated by ultraviolet rays causes various types of cutaneous damage, such as lipid peroxidation and denaturation of the extra-cellular matrix. The accumulation of such damage contributes to skin aging, especially the formation of wrinkles. This study was carried out to develop functional cosmatic by using Oriental herb supercritical extracts (OHSE) for prevention of skin. Effects of OHSE on anti-oxidation, collagenase inhibition and collagen synthesis in normal human fibroblast were investigated. OHSE showed antioxidative activity as high as vitamin C, trolox and DL-penicillamine. Also OHSE showed promotive effect on collagen synthesis and inhibitory effect on collagenase activity. From this results, we conclude that OHSE may have the potential to be conveniently used as an additive in cosmetics for prevention and improvement of skin aging.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.833-839
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• 2003

Quantitaties of flavonoids were determined by HPLC in three different ethanol extract (50, 70 and 95%, v/v) from Korean cherry. Antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract and its solvent fraction (ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions) against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228) was evaluated using MIC and disk test. Additionally, UV protective effect was also determined. The highest flavonoid quantity was found in 70% ethanol extract of Korean cherry. The quantities of quercitrin were 12.7 mg% and 2.1 mg% in ethyl acetate fraction and in buthanol fraction, respectively. In addition, the flavonoid in 70% (v/v) ethanol extract of Korean cherry included 14.9 mg% of quercitrin, 6.0 mg% of tannic acid and 5.2 mg% of catechin. Therefore, it was confirmed that main flavonoid of Korean cherry was quercitrin. For antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of Korean cherry against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Staphylococcus epidemidis (ATCC 12228), MIC and disk test using ethyl acetate fraction and butanol fraction were carried out. As a result, ethyl acetate fraction with higher quantity of flavonoid showed higher antimicrobial activity. Therefore, it was confirmed that the higher antimicrobial activity was brought about by flavonoid in Korean cherry. For UV protective effect of Korean cherry, ethanol extract showed the absorption zone of ultraviolet rays in 210∼380 nm including 290∼320 nm that is the wave length of UV-B harmful to the skin of human body. The pattern is the same as the absorption zone of 220∼300 nm in catechin and 210∼400 nm in quercitrin. Then, the functionalities of catechin and quercitrin were anticipated. It is expected that quercitrin in Korean cherry has the antimicrobial effect and UV protective effect related to the skin.