• Applied Microscopy
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.243-250
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• 2003

Ultrastructural changes of the male germ cells and structure of spermatozoa in Paralichthys olivaceus were examined by means of the light and transmission electron microscopes. The spermatogonium has a large nucleus with a single nucleus with a single nucleolus in the interphase. Primary spermatocytes are identified by the formation of the synaptonemal complex in the karyoplasm. The secondary spermatocytes are more concentrated and contains numerous cell organelle in the cytoplasm. The nucleus of spermatid in spermiogenesis is more condensed in the karyoplasm, and show spherical structure in shape. Mitochondria of the spermatids are observed in the lower portion of the nucleus. The spermatozoon consists of the head, mid piece and tail. The acrosome is not observed in the head. Axial filaments of the flagellum consists of nine pairs of the peripheral microtubules and one pair of the central microtubules.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.331-339
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of periodic acid thiocarbohy-drazide silver proteinate, physical development (PA-TCH-SP, -PD) stain to the seminiferous tubules for the ultrastructural studies of Sertoli cell column and Sertoli cell processes. In the Sertoli cell cloumn and Sertoli cell processes, high concentration of the reactive granules were observed under transmission electronmicroscope (TEM) after PA-TCH-SP-PD stain. Also some reactive granules were seen in the spermatogonium cytoplasm, clearly. These reactive granules specifically stained with PA-TCH-SP, -PD make the Sertoli cell column, Sertoli cell processes and spermatogonium cytoplasm easy to distinguish from nucleus of the germ cells, spermatocyte, spermatid and residual body which did not contain the reactive granules. This result indicates that the PA-TCH-SP, -PD stain is superior to other traditional electronic double stain methods for the ultrastructural studies of Sertoli cell.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-74
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• 1994

This study was carried out to determine effects of electrical stimulation on the soleus, target muscle of the sciatic newt, of white rat normal muscles. The biometric, histochemical, ultrastructural observations were made. The following results were obtained. A daily electrical stimulation of the skeletal muscle of the normally-functioning rat caused an increase of girth and weight of the muscle fibers for 2 weeks. No noticeable change was observed afterwards. More specifically, the density of volume of the red muscle fiber increased. whereas the density of the white muscle fiber decreased. The electrical stimulation group(experimental group) showed hypertrophy of the muscle fibers and narrowing of the space between perimysium and endomysium. Normally, glycogen granules are accumulated regardless of classification of muscle fibers. In addition, the NADH-TR reaction results were in agreement with the biometric findings, in that the red muscle fibers significantly increased. The ultrastructural observations revealed that mitochondria was formed in the red muscle fiber parallel to the muscle fibers of normal muscle, while mitochondria was observed in the sarcomere region of the white muscle fiber. However, activation of mitochondria took place in the sarcolemma region of the muscle fiber, and generation of mitochondria was observed in the sarcomere region of the white muscle fiber.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.501-510
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• 1992

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of pretreatment with coenzyme {{{{ { Q}_{10 } }}}} on adriamycin-induced myocardial ultrastructural changes in rats. Except control group 6 treat-ments included three levels of dietary conenzyme {{{{ { Q}_{10 } }}}} (0, 0.1 or 0.5g/kg diet) and two levels of ADR(1.0 or 2.0mg/kg B.W/week) Adriamycin treatment significantly decreased growth perfo-rmance of rats. But this decrement was not modified by dietary supplementation of coenzyme{{{{ { Q}_{10 } }}}} Electron microscopic examination revealed a progression of myocardial lesions were depen-dent upon the level of ADR injection. The most frequently observed fin structural alterations in rat myocardium were mitochondrial swelling dilation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the appearance of a perinuclear vacuolication. But these structural changes were somewhat reduced by dietary supplementation of coenzyme {{{{ { Q}_{10 } }}}}.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2016

Ultrastructural studies of oocyte development and vitellogenesis associated with the follicle cells in female Phacosoma japonicus were investigated by electron microscope observations. Vitelloogenesis in the oocytes occured by way of endogenous autosynthesis and exogenous heterosynthesis: vitellogenesis occurred through a process of endogenous autosynthesis, which involves a combined activity of the Golgi complex, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. However, the process of exogenous heterosynthesis involved endocytotic incorporation of extraovarian precursors into the basal region of the early vitellogenic oocytes. In this study, follicle cells, which attached to the previtellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes, were easily found. In particular, the follicle cells were involved in the development of previtellogenic oocytes by the supply of nutrients, and vitellogenesis in the early and late vitellogenic oocytes by endocytosis of yolk precursors. The functions of follicle cells, which attached to mature oocytes, accumulate reserves of lipid granules and glycogen particles for vitellogesis in the cytoplasm of the follicle cells.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2004

In the present study, attempts were made to cryopreserve sea urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina sperm in liquid nitrogen, to evaluate the effects of various cryoprotectants and freezing rates on motility, survival rate and fertilization rate of the post-thawing sperm, and the ultrastructural changes of sperm after cryopreservation were observed. The highest values of sperm motility (motility index: 3.3$\pm$0.37) and survival rate (72$\pm$3.5%) were obtained with 15% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and these values were significantly higher than those of sperm preserved with glycerol. Comparisons of motilities and survival rates between treatments of difference freezing rates showed that there was no difference between procedures (a) 5$0^{\circ}C$/min to -8$0^{\circ}C$ (motility index: 3.3$\pm$0.31 ; survival late 70$\pm$2.7%) and (b) 3$0^{\circ}C$/min to -8$0^{\circ}C$ (motility index: 3.1$\pm$0.29; survival rate 69$\pm$3.7%), while the results of (c) 1$0^{\circ}C$/min to -8$0^{\circ}C$ were significantly lower than the others (motility index: 2.2$\pm$0.33 ; survival rate 42$\pm$4.6%). There was no significant difference in fertilization rate between fresh sperm and sperm preserved with 15% DMSO as cryoprotectant and freezing rate (3$0^{\circ}C$/min to -8$0^{\circ}C$). Some ultrastructural changes of sperm, such as the detachment of plasma membrane, the destruction of mitochondria, and the flagellum rolling up head, were observed after cryopreservation. Morphological normality of the sperm in 15% DMSO frozen at the ratio of 5$0^{\circ}C$/min to -8$0^{\circ}C$ was better than the others.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.495-500
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• 1998

Ultrastructural changes of the isolated and cultured protoplasts from ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) callus were studies with electron microscopy. In the 3-day-cultured protoplasts, the cell organelles such as rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, Golgi complex, mitochondria, proplastid increased in number and observed microtubules. Many vesicles derived from the Golgi complex were evenly distributed in the cytoplasm. Some of such vesicles protruded the outer surface of the plasmalemma, and formed the protuberances. Vacuole derived from endoplasmic reticulum included Golgi vesicles by the invagination of vacuoles. These vacuoles migrated toward the plasmalemma by a fusion process (exocytosis), after fusing the plasmalemma the cell wall materials released from the outer surface of the plasmalemma, and lastly deposited on the plasmalemma. Proplastids containing many starch grains, and microtubules parallel to the plasmalemma were observed near the plasmalemma. Connected fibrils which were observed on the outer surface of the 3-day-cultured protoplast were interpreted as the component of cellulose.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.855-864
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• 1999

Hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes are lymphoid organs that share morphologic and functional characteristics of lymph nodes and spleens. The aim of the present study was to obtain new informations on the distinct morphological structures of hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes according to ages, and to get the basic data for their functions in Korean native goats. Goats were divided into 5 groups, consisting of 3 animals aged 1, 3, 6, 10 and 12 months, respectively. Ultrastructural features of the organs were observed by transmission and scanning electron microscopes. The sinuses of hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes were lined by endothelial-like reticular cells which had euchromatin-rich nuclei and many cytoplasmic processes, surrounding collagen fibrils. Macrophages containing phagocytosed erythrocytes were often noted in the diffuse lymphatic tissues of hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes. Some mast cells were in contact with the plasma cells near the blood vessel. Hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes had venous sinusal-like vessels which were different from the deep sinus. The lymph vessels with valves were observed in the capsule of the hemolymph node. There were no ultrastructural differences of the organs in the age different groups of the animals. These results suggest that hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes may take part in hemopoiesis, blood filtration and immune reaction in Korean native goats.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.66-74
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• 1992

In an attempt to produce transgenic amphibia, bacteriophage ${\lambda}-DNA$ was microinjected into fertilized eggs of Xenopus laevis, and the effect on early embryogenesis and the ultrastructural behavior of exogenous DNA were investigated. The effect of microinjected gene on embryonic development showed differences according to the concentration of injected DNA and the incubation temperature. Various concentrations of ${\lambda}-DNA$ were tested. Among those, microinjection of 1-2 ng DNA dissolved in 20 nl TE buffer was not shown to disturb normal embryonic development and was recorded the highest survivability to the late tadpole stage (Stage 43); however, injection of increased concentrations of DNA than above provoked irregular cleavages or abnormal appearances, which resulted in reduced survivability. When the injected embryos were incubated at low temperatures (e.g., $12^{\circ}C$), 54.5% of the embryos developed to Stage 43, whereas 42.4% survived when incubated at room temperature. The survivability showed also differences according to the injection site. 58.0% of the embryos developed to Stage 43 when microinjected into the vegetal pole, whereas 44.9% survived when microinjected into the animal pole. To understand the structural fate or behavior of injected DNA a combined light and electron microscopical study was applied. The nucleus-like structure was observed in the ${\lambda}$ DNA-injected embryos, which was quite a similar to the interphase nuclei of normal Xenopus laevis. The nucleus-like structure showed the typical double-layered nuclear membrane and nuclear complexes; however, it consisted of unusual structures such as furrows of nuclear envelope into the nucleoplasm.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.21-38
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• 1998

The present study was performed to determine the effect of cold stress on myocardium of aging rat. Control groups, which aged 6, 12 and 24 months, were compared with age-matched experimental groups that were exposed to moderate cold stress for a hours daily in a week at laboratory cold room $(4{\pm}1^{\circ}C)$. The histological, histochemical and ultrastructural changes of myocardium were observed. The results were summarized as follow: 1. Age-dependent histological change of control groups was observed the formation of contraction band in 24months aged group. The experimental groups submitted to cold stress showed a similar change pattern as seen in control groups. However, the degree of change in the experimental groups was significantly larger than that of control groups. In the 34 months aged group the formation of hypercontraction band was observed. 2. Regarding age-dependent histochemical changes of control groups, we observed the increase activities of PAS and Masson's trichrome. In experimental groups the activities of PAS and Masson's trichrome were also increased with age. Compare with control group, the activities of PAS was increased but the activities of Masson's trichrome was decreased. 3. Age-dependent ultrastructural changes on vacuolization, lysosome were observed. In control groups the structural changes occur at 12 months. The accumulation of lipofuscin, contraction band, hypercontraction band and a component of connective tissue were observed in 24 months. However, the degree of change in the experimental groups was significantly larger than that of control groups. In contract, the myelin body in intercalated discs was observed in 24 months of experimental groups.