• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.111-114
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• 2013

A 4-year-old spayed female Miniature Pinscher was presented with a 3.5-year history of elevated liver enzymes level. Continuous elevation of liver enzymes was found on repeated blood examinations and the dog was referred for further evaluation. The abdominal ultrasonography revealed that the gallbladder could not be visualized in any plane. The absence of gallbladder was suspected on ultrasonography. Computed tomography (CT) confirmed gallbladder agenesis (GBA). This is the first reported case of diagnosis of GBA in Miniature Pinscher by using CT.

• Korean journal of dermatology
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• v.56 no.9
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• pp.556-560
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• 2018

Congenital hemangioma (CH) is a fully formed benign vascular tumor at the time of birth and do not proliferate in postnatal life. CH must be differentiated from infantile hemangioma. CH has three subtypes that are recognized based on their natural history: Rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma (RICH), non-involuting congenital hemangioma (NICH), and partially involuting congenital hemangioma (PICH). It is important to distinguish RICH from NICH because RICH spontaneously regresses but NICH does not. Herein, we report two patients diagnosed with RICH and NICH, respectively. We presented the clinical features as well as ultrasonographic and histologic findings to distinguish congenital from infantile hemangioma.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2024

A two-year-old, intact female Golden Retriever had previously been diagnosed with a portosystemic shunt (PSS) during an ultrasonographic examination at a local animal hospital. The serum biochemistry revealed elevated liver enzymes and bile acid levels. The abdominal radiographic examination revealed mild serosal detail loss and microhepatica, while abdominal ultrasonography revealed mild ascites and high-velocity flow to the caudal vena cava (CVC) suspected as a PSS. The gallbladder was not observed within the hepatic parenchyma during ultrasonography. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an absent gallbladder and dilation of the common bile duct (CBD). Dilations of the gastroduodenal, splenic, colic and renal veins were also observed. A dilated left phrenico-abdominal vein that entered the CVC was previously misinterpreted as a PSS on the ultrasound examination. Based on the imaging examinations, the dog was diagnosed with congenital gallbladder agenesis associated CBD dilation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.193-196
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• 2017

A 14-year-old, castrated male, domestic shorthair cat was referred for gastrointestinal (GI) signs, including nausea, regurgitation, anorexia, and weight loss. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed thickening of the wall of the gastric and proximal duodenum, moderately enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, and coarse echotexture of the splenic parenchyma. The results of the feline leukemia virus test were positive. Based on gastrointestinal endoscopic characteristics and histopathological examinations, low-grade alimentary lymphoma was identified in multiple regions of the gastrointestinal tract. The patient was treated with oral prednisolone and chlorambucil chemotherapy, and the clinical signs resolved gradually. During serial follow-up, ultrasonographic findings demonstrated decreases in the duodenal wall thickness and size of the abdominal lymph nodes over a period of 550 days. Survival time was 886 days with prednisolone and chlorambucil chemotherapy. This report describes clinical features, imaging findings, endoscopic characteristics, histopathological features, and long-term management with chlorambucil chemotherapy in a case of feline low-grade alimentary lymphoma.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.518-527
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• 2021

Purpose: The incidence of hepatic steatosis among children has been increasing; however, data distinguishing simple steatosis from a more complex disorder are lacking. Methods: This study identified the etiologies resulting in hepatic steatosis through a retrospective review of pediatric liver biopsies performed in the last 10 years. A total of 158 patients with hepatic steatosis proven by histopathological evaluation were enrolled in the study, and baseline demographic features, anthropometric measurements, physical examination findings, laboratory data, ultrasonographic findings, and liver histopathologies were noted. Results: The two most common diagnoses were inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) (52.5%) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH) (29.7%). The three most common diseases in the IEM group were glycogen storage disorders, Wilson's disease, and mitochondrial disease. The rates of consanguineous marriage (75.6%; odds ratio [OR], 26.040) and positive family history (26.5%; OR, 8.115) were significantly higher (p=0.002, p<0.001, respectively) in the IEM group than those in the NAFLD/NASH group. Younger age (p=0.001), normal anthropometric measurements (p=0.03), increased aspartate aminotransferase levels (p<0.001), triglyceride levels (p=0.001), and cholestatic biochemical parameters with disrupted liver function tests, as well as severe liver destruction of hepatic architecture, cholestasis, fibrosis, and nodule formation, were also common in the IEM group. Conclusion: Parents with consanguinity and positive family history, together with clinical and biochemical findings, may provide a high index of suspicion for IEM to distinguish primary steatosis from the consequence of a more complex disorder.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.918-928
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• 1998

The present study was done with two aims. First, to evaluate the radiographic measurements of liver volumes in normal and hepatomegaly dogs induced by carbon tetrachloride. Second, to investigate quantitative tissue echo pattern by ultrasonography. Gray level histogram of the normal liver and the kidney were estimated with carbon tetra-chloride intoxication. In normal, r-square for liver volume to body weight was 0.93372, and this showed direct linear regression. Gray level histograms of the normal liver and the kidney were $19.150{\pm}2.490$(mean${\pm}$SD) and $13.175{\pm}2.686$(mean${\pm}$SD) respectively(p < 0.01). Liver parenchymal echogenicity was more hyperechogenic than kidney cortex echogenicity. Liver/Kidney ratio was $1.504{\pm}0.313$ and it can be used relative comparison of liver and kidney parenchymal echogenicity. In carbon-tetrachloride($CCl_4$) intoxication, changes of liver volume appeared to increase up to 24 hours after administration (p < 0.05), and decreased gradually to normal level after 2~5 days. Gray level histogram of liver parenchyma decreased up to 24hours (p < 0.01) after intoxication and then gradually increased to normal level. But that of kidney cortex had no significant change. Liver/Kidney ratio also decreased by 2 days(p < 0.01) and then gradually increased to normal level. On histopathologic features of hepatic tissues in carbon tetrachloride intoxication, both coagulative necrosis of hepatic cell and hemorrhage of centrilobular & midzonal area were identified. Conclusively, plain radiography is a useful diagnostic method for evaluating liver volume in mild hepatomegaly. Especially, it is considered that an adequate numerical processing of the liver length, depth and thoracic width and depth measurement would be helpful. Using gray level histogram, ultrasonographic evaluation was useful objective methods in early diagnosis of diffuse hepatic disease.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.169-172
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• 2012

A 12-year-old castrated male Shih-tzu dog presented with vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss. The patient's medical history and hematological, radiographic, ultrasonographic, and endoscopic findings were used for diagnosis. The patient's medical history showed that he was being treated for chronic kidney disease since a few weeks. The serum biochemical analysis showed moderate azotemia. However, abdominal radiographic and ultrasonographic findings showed the presence of a mass in the pylorus area of the stomach. On gastrointestinal endoscopic examination, the proliferative mass was found in the pyloric antrum. The histopathological results of the endoscopic biopsy specimen indicated that it was strongly suspected a gastric adenoma; therefore, we surgically excised the pyloric outflow region via a Y-U pyloroplasty. The histopathological examination of the surgically excised specimen also indicated that the mass was a gastric adenoma. After surgical treatment, the patient's condition improved gradually, and the clinical symptoms diminished in approximately 3 weeks after surgery. The patient's condition was well controlled until recently, i.e., 18 months after surgery. This case report describes the clinical findings, imaging characteristics, endoscopic findings, and histopathological features of a gastric adenoma in the pyloric outflow tract of a dog.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2013

The Korean Thyroid Association recommends fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) for nodules more than 0.5 cm in diameter. But nodules, smaller than 0.5 cm have been found in papillary carcinomas of the thyroid (PTC) at the health promotion center at SMC. We wanted to evaluate the ultrasonographic findings according to size of nodule in proven PTCs by FNAB, especially less than 0.5 cm. All nodules were classified into three groups by their longest diameter : less than 0.5 cm, more than 0.5 cm but less than 1 cm, and more than 1 cm. Sonographic findings suggesting malignancy were analyzed according to their size groups. Of 288 malignant nodules, 21.5 % (62/288) were less than 0.5 cm, 54.9 % (158/288) were more than 0.5 cm but less than 1 cm, 23.6 % (68/288) exceeded 1 cm. A taller-than-wide shape was observed in 90.3 % (56/62) of nodules less than 0.5 cm, and 48.5 % (33/68) of nodules exceeding 1 cm (p<0.001). There were no well-defined smooth nodules among nodules less than 0.5 cm, and spiculated or irregular margin nodules increased as the size increased (p=0.024). Nodules of size less than 0.5 cm did not showed hyper or isoechogenicity. Hypoechogenicity was greater than the marked hypoechogenicity in each group (p=0.034). Micro- or macro-calcifications were not founded in 77.4 % (48/62) of the nodule group sized less than 0.5 cm. From the small size of the group, micro- or macrocalcifications were observed 21.0 % (13/62), 48.1 % (76/158), 64.7 % (44/68), so the number of nodules containing micro- or macro-calcification increased as size increased (p<0.001). PTCs less than 0.5 cm in size on ultrasonography had taller than-wide shape, spiculated or irregular and ill-defined margins, and exhibited hypo and markedly hypoechogenicity, but microor macro-calcifications were not common. These ultrasonographic features of nodules less than 0.5 cm can be useful in reporting and guiding FNABs or follow-up exams.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.19
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• pp.8447-8450
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• 2014

Background: To evaluate factors for predicting the granulosa cell tumor of the ovary (GCTO) pre-operatively. Materials and Methods: This retrospective designed study was conducted on 34 women with GCTO as the study group and 76 women with benign ovarian cysts as the control group. Data were recorded from the hospital database and included age, body mass index (BMI), parity, serum estradiol ($E_2$) levels, diameter of the mass, ultrasonographic features, serum CA125 level, risk of malignancy index (RMI), duration of menopause, postoperative histopathology result, and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Results: The demographic parameters showed no statistically significant difference between the groups. Preoperative diameter of the mass, CA125, duration of menopause, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were significantly different between the groups. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that diameter of the mass, serum estradiol and Ca125 levels, RMI and NLR may be discriminative factors in predicting GCTO preoperatively. Conclusions: In conclusion, we think that a careful preoperative workshop including diameter of the mass, serum estradiol ($E_2$) and Ca125 levels, RMI and NLR may predict GCTO and may prevent incomplete approaches.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.176-181
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• 2014

Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) of the breast is a very rare disease, and the mammographic and ultrasonographic findings of breast lymphoma are variable. There are several reports of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in patients with breast lymphomas; however, few reports have described the findings observed on MR spectroscopy or the features of diffusion weighted (DW) imaging. The authors report the findings of classical MR imaging, MR spectroscopy and DW imaging of a 48-year-old woman and a 40-year-old woman with primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of breasts. Mammography and breast ultrasonography revealed a mass with circumscribed margin. The mass showed strong enhancement after contrast injection on MR imaging. DW imaging showed reduced diffusion and high-amplitude choline (Cho) peak at 3.22 ppm was detected by single voxel MR spectroscopy which was consistent with malignancy.