• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.508-515
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• 2002

The characterization of adhesive property in multi-layer materials has been hot issue for a long time. In order to evaluate adhesive properties, we constructed fully automated system for the backward radiation of leaky Lamb wave. The backward radiation profiles were obtained for the bare steel plate and plates with rubber-loading. The rf waveforms and frequency spectra of backward radiation show the characteristics of involved leaky Lamb wave modes. As the thickness of rubber-loading increased, the amplitude of profile at the incident angle of $13.4^{\circ}$ exponentially decreased. Scanning the incident position over the partially rubber-loaded specimen shows good agreement with the actual rubber-loading. The backward radiation of leaky Lamb wave has great potential to evaluate the adhesive condition as well as material properties of plates.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.170-176
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• 2002

Nonlinear acoustic effect has been considered as an effective tool for the evaluation of material degradation. In this paper, the applicability of nonlinear acoustic effect to the evaluation of degraded 2.25Cr-1Mo steel is investigated. Firstly, artificial aging was performed to simulate the microstructural degradation in 2.25Cr-1Mo steel arising from long time exposure at $540^{\circ}C$. Secondly, ultrasonic nonlinear parameter was quantitatively measured by bi-spectrum and power spectrum. Nonlinear acoustic parameter from bi-spectrum was found to be clearly sensitive to the aging time.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.549-555
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• 2001

Ultrasonic is a powerful nondestructive technique for getting the information of flaws and material properties of in-services facilities. We prepared 4 different 1Cr-1Mo-0.25V specimens by Isothermal aging at $630^{\circ}C$. We evaluated material degradation using ultrasonic parameters, velocity, attenuation and harmonic generation. Attenuation and nonlinear parameter derived from harmonic generation efficiency increased as degradation. Especially the second harmonic of the fundamental wave in the 1,820h aging material was observed to exceed 20dB more than that in the un-aged material. But velocity remained virtually the same for all specimens. We concluded that nonlinear parameter and attenuation are sensitive to material degradation, but velocity was not. It'll be a good parameter for evaluating the material degradation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.234-240
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• 1997

We studied the resolution enhancement of a novel scanning laser acoustic microscope (SLAM) using transverse waves. Mode conversion of the ultrasonic wave takes place at the liquid-solid interface and some energy of the insonifying longitudinal waves in the water will convert to transverse wave energy within the solid specimen. The resolution of SLAM depends on the size of detecting laser spot and the wavelength of the insonifying ultrasonic waves. Science the wavelength of the transverse wave is shorter than that of the longitudinal wave, we are able to achieve the high resolution by using transverse waves. In order to operate SLAM in the transverse wave mode, we made wedge for changing the incident angle. Our experimental results with model 2140 SLAM and an aluminum specimen showed higher contrast of the SLAM image in the transverse wave mode than that in the longitudinal wave mode.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.9-17
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• 1994

It is well recognized recently that ultrasonic technique is one of the most widely used methods of nondestructive evaluation to characterize material properties of nonconventional engineering materials. Therefore it is very important to understand physical phenomenon on propagation behavior of elastic wave in these materials, which is directly associated with ultrasonic signals in the test. In this study, the theoretical analysis on multi-scattering of harmonic elastic wave due to the particulate with interface between matrix and fiber in metal matrix composites(MMCs) was done on the basis of Lax's quasi-crystalline approximation and extinction theorem. SiC particulate (SiCp) reinforced A16061-T6 composite material was chosen for this analysis. From this analysis, frequency dependences of phase velocity and amplitude attenuation of effective plane wave due to the change of volume fraction of SiC particulate were clearly found. It was also shown that the interface condition between matrix and fiber in MMCs gives a direct effect on the variation of phase velocity of plane wave in MMCs.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.362-368
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to image the harmonic wave generated by contact acoustic nonlinearity in obliquely incident ultrasonic wave for early detection of closed cracks. A closed crack has been simulated by contacting two aluminum block specimens producing solid-solid contact interfaces and then acoustic nonlinearity has been imaged with contact pressure. Sampling phased array(SPA) and synthetic aperture focusing technique(SAFT) are used for imaging techniques. The amplitude of the fundamental frequency decreased with appling pressure. But, the amplitude of second harmonic increased with pressure and was a maximum amplitude at the simulation point of closed crack. Then, the amplitude of second harmonic decreased. As a result, harmonic imaging of contact acoustic nonlinearity is possible and it is expected to be apply for early detection of initial cracks.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 2015

Traditional moxibustion therapy can cause severe pain and leave scarring burns at the moxibustion site as it relies on the practitioner's subjective and qualitative treatment. Recently, ultrasound therapy has received attention as an alternative to moxibustion therapy owing to its objectiveness and quantitative nature. However, in order to convert ultrasound energy into heat energy, there is a need to precisely understand the ultrasound-focusing characteristics of the acoustic lens. Therefore, in this study, an FEM simulation was performed for acoustic lenses with different geometries a concave lens and zone lens as the geometry critically influences ultrasound focusing. The acoustic pressure field, amplitude, and focal point were also calculated. Furthermore, the performance of the fabricated acoustic lens was verified by a sound pressure measurement experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2015

The present study investigated the influence of thick cortical endplates on the ultrasonic properties of trabecular bone in a femur with a high fracture risk. Twelve trabecular bone samples were prepared from bovine femurs, and acrylic plates with thicknesses of 1.25, 1.80, and 2.75 mm were manufactured to simulate the cortical endplates using acrylic with a density and a sound speed similar to cortical bone. Although the thickness of the acrylic plates attached to the two sides of the trabecular bone increased, high correlations were observed between the speed of sound and the apparent bone density of the trabecular bone, with Pearson's correlation coefficients of 0.80-0.86. High correlations were also observed between the attenuation coefficient at 0.5 MHz and the apparent bone density of the trabecular bone, with Pearson's correlation coefficients of 0.84-0.91. These results suggest that the speed of sound and attenuation coefficient at a specific frequency measured in a femur with relatively thick cortical endplates compared to the calcaneus could be used as indices for predicting the bone mineral density of the femur.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 1999

In order to ultrasonically evaluate creep cavities pure copper samples were subjected to creep test and their microstructures were examined. Ultrasonic velocities. frequency-dependent magnitude spectra and attenuations were measured on a series of copper samples obtained from the different stages of creep test. Velocities measured in three directions with respect to the loading axis decreased and their anisotropy increased as a function of the creep-induced porosity. The anisotropic behavior could be attributed to the progressive change of pore shape and preferred orientation as the creep advanced. The 2% porosity by volume decreased the longitudinal and shear wave velocities by 11% and 4%, respectively. Furthermore, both velocities decreased nonlinearly with the porosity. As the creep damage developed, the magnitude spectra lost high frequency components and their central frequencies shifted to lower values. The attenuation showed almost linear behavior in the frequency range used. Normalized velocity, central frequency shift and attenuation slope were selected as nondestructive evaluation parameters. These results were presented and showed good relations with the porosity content.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.424-430
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• 2000

In order to develop an ultrasonic evaluation method for properties degradation of high temperature materials, a number of Cr-Mo-V steel samples were heat-treated and their damage mechanism was examined. Ultrasonic parameters such as velocity, attenuation, and more recently developed nonlinear acoustic parameter were measured. The nonlinear acoustic parameter was found to be most sensitive to material degradation mainly attributed to the precipitation of impurities in grain boundaries. When compared to the electrical resistivity results, the nonlinear parameters showed similar behavior. There existed a relatively good correlation between the nonlinear parameter and the fracture appearance transition temperature (FATT) obtained by Charpy V-notch impact test. Based on the relationship between the FATT and the fracture toughness ($K_{IC}$), correlation between the nonlinear parameter and $K_{IC}$ was established.