• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.343-353
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• 2017

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of two representative subway map design types, namely a diagram type and a geographical type using physiological metrics, performance metrics, and self-reported metrics, which are representative usability metrics. Background: Subway maps need to be designed in order for users to quickly search and recognize subway line information. Although most cities' subway maps currently use the diagram type designed by Henry Beck, New York City's subway map has recently been changed to the subway map type combined with the geographical type designed by Michael Hertz. However, not many studies on its efficiency are found, and the studies that are available mainly depend on questionnaire surveys or take on a subjective behavioral study type based on experts' experiences. In this regard, evaluation through a more objective method is needed. Method: This study employed usability metrics as a method to evaluate the efficiency of information search targeting the diagram type and geographical type subway maps used mostly as subway maps. To this end, physiological metrics obtained through eye tracking, task completion time, representative metric of task performance, and subjective evaluation metrics were used for the suitability evaluation of subway map designs. Results: In the result of gaze movement distance analysis, no significant difference was shown in the two design types in terms of a process finding a departure station from the starting point and a process finding a transfer station between the departure station and arrival station (destination). However, the gaze movement distance in the process finding the arrival station at the departure station was significantly shorter in the geographical type, rather than in the diagram type. The analysis of task completion time showed a result similar to the gaze movement distance analysis result. Task completion time was significantly shorter in the geographical type, rather than in the diagram type, which is in the process finding the arrival station at the departure station. In other information search processes, no significant difference was shown. As a result of subjective evaluation metrics analysis, no significant difference was revealed in the two design types. Conclusion: An analysis on the two representative subway map design types was carried out via the adoption of usability metrics. As a result, although no significant difference was shown in some information search processes, it was revealed that information search was easier in the geographical type overall. Also, it was found that usability metrics can be effectively used to evaluate the design types of subway maps. Application: The study results can be used to set design direction to offer ease in information search on subway lines. The study also can be used as a method to evaluate a subway map's design type.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2013

스웨덴 식 벤치발파 설계방식에 대하여 실험계획법을 이용하여 설계인자를 분석하였다. 분석에 사용된 직교배열은 $L_9(3^4)$이었고 변수는 각각 3수준의 값을 갖는 천공직경, 화약의 종류, 공의 경사와 암석의 종류로 하였다. 분석결과 저항선 결정 영향요소는 천공직경, 화약의 종류, 암석의 종류 그리고 공의 경사 순이었으며 비장약량 영향요소는 암석의 종류, 화약의 종류 그리고 비천공장에 영향을 미치는 요소는 천공직경과 화약의 종류순이었다. 또 강건설계를 이용한 경제성 검토에서 최적인자 선택이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권12C호
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• pp.1129-1134
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• 2006

In this paper, we analyze the cycle structure of punctured finite-length RA-type LDPC codes and design interleavers which have good memory efficiency and avoid short cycles. Furthermore, we introduce the check-node merging scheme for punctured finite-length RA-type LDPC codes and design simple interleavers. Simulation results show that punctured finite-length RA-type LDPC codes using the proposed simple interleavers have better performance than those with random and S-random interleavers.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2015

스프링클러 설비의 설계방법은 크게 3가지로 분류한다. 가지관을 서로 연결하여 사다리형태로 배관을 설치하는 Grid형과 가지관은 연결하지 않고 교차배관만을 연결하는 Loop형 그리고 가장 일반적으로 사용되는 Tree형이 있다. 이 중 Grid형은 아주 간단한 것을 제외하고는 컴퓨터프로그램으로 마찰손실을 계산하여야 하지만 Loop형의 경우는 프로그램의 도움 없이 설계자가 직접 계산하여 마찰손실에 따른 필요압력과 소요유량을 산출할 수 있다. Loop형 설비의 경우 소화수 공급이 2방향으로 분리되어 마찰손실이 작아지고 헤드간 방출압력의 차이가 Tree형보다 작게 되어 살수분포가 우수하게 되며 작은 마찰손실에 의한 소구경의 배관을 사용하여 자재비와 인건비가 절감되므로 Loop형에 의한 스프링클러의 설계가 Tree형 설비에 비해 성능과 경제성에서 우수한 설계 방법이다. 하지만 Loop형 설비의 설계는 설계방법이 잘 알려져 있지 않아 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 논문에서는 Tree형 보다 우수한 Loop형 설비의 설계방법을 설명하여 많은 설계자가 성능과 경제면에서 우수한 Loop형 설계를 쉽게, 널리 사용하게 하고자 하였다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

PURPOSES : This paper focuses on strength development according to the mix design with cement type and mineral admixture from laboratory and field tests in cool weather. METHODS : Two methods evaluated the mix design of concrete pavement in cool weather. Firstly, laboratory tests including slump, air contents, setting time, strength, maturity, and freezing-thawing test were conducted. Three alternatives were selected based on the tests. Secondly, a field test was conducted and the optimum mix design in cool weather was suggested. RESULTS : It is an evident from the laboratory test that a mix with type III cement showed better performance than the one with type I cement. There was a delay in strength development of a mix with mineral admixture compared to mix design without any mineral admixture. In the field test, type III cement+flyash 20% mix design proved the best performance. CONCLUSIONS : For concrete pavement in cool weather, mix design using type III cement could overcome the strength delay due to mineral admixture. Moreover, it is possible to make sure of durability of pavement. Therefore, strength and durability problems due to cool weather would decrease.

• 한국디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디자인학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.138-139
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• 2002

• 한국신뢰성학회지:신뢰성응용연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.331-337
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is the analysis of the failure mechanisms effect of circuit design characteristics of the ballast for LED Lamp Methods: Recently, electronic circuit of ballasts for LED lamp are being occurred on various failure mechanisms (whiskers, ion migration, heat dissipation problem, switching element damage) because electronic ballast circuit design characteristics are becoming more and more diverse. Results: we analysis failure mechanisms that occurs in accordance with the circuit design characteristics The ballast for LED lamp were divided into three different types (Type A, Type B, Type C) considering circuit design characteristics (thermal design, PCB patten spacing, element material) and it was experimented in the acceleration test conditions ($85^{\circ}C$, 85% R.H). Conclusion: We confirmed that failure mechanism of the ballast for LED Lamp had occurred differently in accordance with the circuit design characteristics.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.1028-1033
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• 2008

The mount type HVAC control system is a type of an HVAC control system which is installed between a ceiling and ceiling boards of a room to control room temperature. Although the device is quite popular, design is conducted by a conventional way where engineering intuition and experiences are utilized. It is found that the design process is fairly inefficient and time-consuming because there are a lot of feedbacks. The axiomatic approach is used to investigate the design characteristics of the mount type HAVC control system and the Independence Axiom is utilized for the investigation. The Overall hierarchy is established up to the level of parts. It is found that the current design has many coupled and redundant aspects. The hierarchy is reorganized based on the Independence Axiom and a new design process is found. To exploit the new design process in practice, a design manual is made.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.566-578
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to develop a program for elementary school students' scientific experimental design knowledge generation. This study also investigated the effects of their experimental design ability, as well as the change in the type and elaborateness of their experimental design by applying the program. The subjects of this study was 4 classes in 6th grade of an elementary school located in Seoul, KOREA. The classes were divided into experimental and comparative groups. While the treatment was applied to the experimental group, the comparative group was taught using conventional methods. The pre-test and post-test for students' capability of building scientific experimental design knowledge were conducted to compare the ability of experimental design, the change in the type and elaborateness of experimental design. The findings in this study are as follows: First, the program appeared to be effective in improving experimental design ability. Furthermore, the program appeared to be more effective in generating a higher level of the experimental design type and elaborateness. Therefore, in order to improve experimental design knowledge generation ability, the program can be utilized as effective learning model in elementary school.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2005

현재 우리나라의 설계속도는 도로의 기능, 지역특성, 지형에 의해 결정하도록 규정하고 있다. 그러나 도로의 기능을 구분하는 뚜렷한 기준이 없어 적정 설계속도 결정에 설계자의 주관이 개입될 여지가 많으며, 기능분류가 단순하여 설계에 반영되지 못하는 도로기능이 존재하고, 지역분류기준 또한 모호하여 주변지역의 토지이용 특성을 제대로 반영하지 못하였다. 한편 도로가 통과하는 지역의 지형적 특성을 충분히 고려치 않고 단순히 교통소통 만을 강조하여 지나치게 높은 설계속도로 설계하여 도로의 건설비가 증가하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지방부 도로 기능분류 및 설계속도 결정에 계획교통량 규모를 반영토록 하여 설계자의 주관적 판단소지를 줄이고 경제적 효율성을 기하였으며, 도시부 기능을 세분화하여 기능분류의 단순함과 설계에 반영되지 못하는 도로의 기능이 존재하는 문제를 해결하였다. 또한 GIS의 지형고도 데이터를 이용하여 지형을 구분하는 구체적 기준을 제시하였다. 즉 기능, 지역, 지형요소를 보다 세분하여 고려하고, 보완기준으로 계획교통량을 추가한 새로운 기능분류와 설계속도 결정기준을 제시하였다.