• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2006

We examined the relationship between the basic characteristics and types of leisure activities according to blood types. It was based on questionnaires answered by 441 collegians in public health departments and 282 in non-public health departments in Daegu Health College in March, 2005. The frequency of leisure activity of once or twice a week or less during weekdays was the most common.: The most common frequencies for all blood types were between 1 and 2 hours on weekdays and between 3 and 5 hours on the weekends or holidays. As far as the type of leisure activities during the weekdays was concerned, in the case of public health departments, blood type A was interested in computer games and then watching TV, blood type B was attracted to watching TV and listening to music, blood type AB was into watching TV, computer games, and listening to music, and blood type O was keen on watching TV and computer games in that order. The type of leisure activity according to blood types in public health departments was shown to be significantly different (p<0.05). The type of future leisure activity was shown to be significantly different between public health departments and non-public health departments (p<0.05). The type of present leisure activity preferred by collegians, according to the study, was entertainment such as computer games for most blood types. The type of future leisure activities was related to the field of tourism and sports. The collegians need to have more advanced and positive leisure activities.

• 천문학회보
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.48.1-48.1
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• 2015

We investigate the role of small-scale and large-scale environments in triggering nuclear activity of the local galaxies using a volume-limited sample with $M_r$ < -19.5 and 0.02 < z < 0.0685 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7. To fix the mass of the supermassive black hole in its host galaxy, we limit the central velocity dispersion of the sample galaxies. The active galactic nuclei (AGN) host sample is composed of Type II AGNs identified with flux ratios of narrow emission lines with S/N > 6. In this study, we find that the AGN fraction of late-type host galaxies are commonly larger than of early type galaxies. The AGN fraction of host galaxy with late-type nearest neighbor starts to increase as the host galaxy approaches the virial radius of the nearest neighbor (about a few hundred kpc scale). Our result may support the idea that the hydrodynamic interaction with the nearest neighbor plays an important role in triggering the nuclear activity of galaxy. The early-type galaxies in high density regions show decline of AGN activity compared to ones in lower density regions, whereas the direction of the environmental dependence of AGN activity for late-type galaxies is rather opposite. We also find that the environmental dependence of star formation rate is analogous to one of AGN activity except in the high density region.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2004

An author has been known that A-type zeolite supported with silver ions has excellent antibacterial activity. However, it is no research of concern in the antibacterial activity of eluted silver ions. This study tested the elution of silver ions from A-type zeolite silver ions in deionized distilled water and NaNO$_3$ aqueous solution. In NaNO$_3$ aqueous solution of 74mM to 588mM, it was found that the concentration of silver ions and electric conductivity increased with the increasing concentration of sodium ions, and equilibrated at 15 min, and the ion exchange equilibrium coefficient, k, is 1.3${\times}$10$\^$-3/. However, deionized distilled water is not equilibrated to pass 6 months. A-type zeolite sodium ions showed no antibacterial activity. It was found that antibacterial activity was exhibited even at the concentration of 10 nM of eluted silver ions, and E-coli died with the incorporation of 2.43${\times}$10$\^$8/ Ag ion/cell. antibacterial activity of A-type zeolite silver ions were mainly attributed to hydroxyl radical.

• BMB Reports
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.179-183
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• 2000

The glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities of S-type and L-type thioltransferases (TTases), which are purified from the seeds and leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively, were identified and compared. The S-type and L-type TTases showed $K_m$ values of 9.72 mM and 3.18mM on 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), respectively, indicating the L-type TTase has higher affinity for CDNB. The GST activity of the L-type TTase was rapidly inactivated after being heated at $70^{\circ}C$ or higher. The GST activity of the S-type TTase remains active in a range of $30-90^{\circ}C$. $Hg^{2+}$ inhibited the GST activity of the S-type TTase, whereas $Ca^{2+}$ and $Cd^{2+}$ inhibited the GST activity of the L-type TTase. Our results suggest that the GST activities of two TTases of Arabidopsis thaliana may have different catalytic mechanisms. The importance of the co-existence of TTAse and GST activities in one protein remains to be elucidated.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.263-273
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of electrical stimulation on vestibular compensation following ULX in rats. Electrical stimulation (ES) with square pulse ($100{\sim}300uA$, 1.0 ms, 100 Hz) was applied to ampullary portion bilaterally for 6 and 24 hours in rats receiving ULX. After ES, animals that showed the recovery of vestibular symptoms by counting and comparing the number of spontaneous nystagmus were selected for recording resting activity of type I, II neurons in the medial vestibular nuclei (MVN) of the lesioned side. And then the dynamic neuronal activities were recorded during sinusoidal rotation at a frequency of 0.1 Hz and 0.2 Hz. The number of spontaneous nystagmus was significantly different 24 hours (p<0.01, n=10), but not 6 hours after ULX+ES. As reported by others, the great reduction of resting activity only in the type I neurons ipsilateral to lesioned side was observed 6, 24 hours after ULX compared to that of intact labyrinthine animal. However, the significant elevation (p<0.01) of type I and reduction (p<0.01) of type II neuronal activity were seen 24 hours after ULX+ES. Interestingly, gain, expressed as maximum neuronal activity(spikes/sec)/maximum rotational velocity(deg/sec), was increased in type I cells and decreased in type II cells 24 hours after ULX+ES in response to sinusoidal rotation at frequencies of both 0.1 Hz and 0.2 Hz. This result suggests that accompanying the behavioral recovery, the electrical stimulation after ULX has beneficial effects on vestibular compensation, especially static symptoms (spontaneous nystagmus), by enhancing resting activity of type I neurons and reducing that of type II neurons.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.586-594
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• 2017

Mitochondrial activity affects skeletal muscle energy metabolism and phenotype. To address whether mitochondrial activity can modulate muscle phenotype in vitro, protein expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) in C2C12 muscle cell lines was investigated after treated with antimycin A, an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Fully differentiated C2C12 myotubes were administrated with different concentration of antimycin A including 0, 100, 200, 500, 700, and 1000 ng/mL. After 72 h treatment, myosin heavy chain isoform expression and related enzyme activity (lactate dehydrogenase; LDH and creatine kinase) were analyzed. Administration of antimycin A changed expression of MyHC in C2C12 myotubes showing a shift from slow to fast twitching muscle type. Protein expression of MyHC type 2b (fast twitching muscle type) was decreased (P < 0.05) by antimycin A treatment (500, 700, and 1000 ng/mL) when compared with control group. Administration of antimycin A (1000 ng/mL), however, decreased (P < 0.05) MyHC type I (slow twitching muscle type). Interestingly, LDH activity was increased (P < 0.05) by antimycin A treatment. Results from our current study proposed a possibility that skeletal muscle phenotype, including MyHC and LDH activity, can be shifted from slow to fast twitching type by inhibiting the mitochondrial activity in C2C12 myotubes.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.528-532
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• 2011

This study was designed to investigate the collagen metabolism and tyrosinase activity of Meretrix extracts (ME). The effect of ME on type I procollagen production and collagenase activity in human normal fibroblasts HS68 after UVB (312 nm) irradiation was measured by ELISA method. The tyrosinase activity after treatment of ME was measured as well. Type I procollagen production was recovered by ME in UVB damaged HS68 cells. The increased collagenase activity after UVB damage was significantly recovered by ME. The tyrosinase activity and L-DOPA oxidation were significantly reduced as well. However, the effects on tyrosinase activity and L-DOPA oxidation were not powerful enough to be used as whitening agents. ME showed the anti-wrinkle effects and some whitening effects in vitro. These results suggest that ME may be a useful drug as an anti-wrinkle treatments.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.217-222
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• 1995

Several acyclonucleoside analogues of pyrimidine base and N$^1$-derivatives of 5-fluorouracil have been synthesized and evaluated for their biological effects. When tested with in vitro Lekemia L1210 cells, the 5-fluorouracil derivatives exhibited slightly higher antitumor activity than the parent 5-fluorouracil. When tested against Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 and type 2 cultured in the Vero cell, the 5-fluorouracil derivatives showed weak antiviral activity.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.298-307
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of physical activity on glycemic control among Koreans with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A total of 215 patients with type 2 diabetes (82 male and 133 female) were recruited (mean age = $59.0{\pm}9.7$ years). The amounts of physical activity was assessed using the physical activity scale for elderly (PASE). Fasting blood glucose (FBG), Hemoglobin A1c ($HbA_1c$), and 2 hours post-prandial glucose (2hrPG) were measured. Results: The highest PASE score was housework-related physical activity. However, the amounts of walking was significantly higher in good FBG level (Z = 1.39, p=.041) and the amounts of leisure-time physical activity was higher in good HbA1 and 2hrPG level than in the poor glycemic control group (Z = 2.29, p<.001; Z = 1.99, p=.001). A logistic regression analysis showed that patients with leisure-time physical activity in the top quartile more likely presented with good glycemic control in $HbA_1c$, OR=3.84 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.65~8.95) and in 2hrPG, OR=4.06 (95%CI = 1.77~9.27), compared to patients in the lowest quartile. Conclusion: Leisure-time physical activity is effective for controlling the glucose levels, especially $HbA_1c$ and 2hrPG among type 2 diabetic patients. It is suggested that health providers need to more focus on providing aggressive recommendations on physical activity considering physical activity patterns by individuals.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.546-558
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• 1996

The purpose of this vitro study was to evaluate the activity of human pulpal cells to adhesive glycoprotein-coated and non-coated culture dishes. Well known adhesive glycoproteins were used, such as type I collagen, type IV collagen, fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin. Each adhesive glycoproteins applied onto the culture dishes. In this study, the protein coated and non-coated dishes were classified as each groups. Human pulpal cells cultured onto each groups. After 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours incubation time, radioactivity with scintillation counter for evaluation of the activity of human pulpal cells. The results as follows : 1. After 24 hours incubation time, activity of human pulpal cells were best in laminin-coated group among groups. Then fibronectin, type I collagen group were better, and all proteins were better than control. 2. After 48 hours incubation time, activity of human pulpal cells were best in fibronectin coated group. 3. After 72 hours incubation time, activity of human pulpal cells were not significantly different in all of adhesive glycoproteins. 4. After 24 hours incubation time, activity of human pulpal cells were best in fibronectin and laminin coated group. Activity of human pulpal cells in type I collagen coated group were better after 24 hours incubation time then 48 hours incubation time.