• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.684-691
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• 2006

Abdominal obesity (AO) is a strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, which has shown a remarkable increase in Korea. This study aimed to identify prevalence of AO and related risk factors in Korean adults. A total of 5,132 men and women aged 20-85 years old from the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in the analyses. AO was defined as waist circumference >=90 cm in men and >=85 cm in women as proposed by Korean Society of Obesity. Multiple logistic regression was carried out to identify risk factors for AO. Three models were specified: (i) demographic and socioeconomic factors (model 1: age, education, poverty income ratio, employment), (ii) lifestyle factors and covariates (model 2: physical activity, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary quality, type 2 diabetes, co-morbidity) and (iii) demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors (model 3). The prevalence of AO was 24.1 % in men, 23.5% in women. High poverty income ratio in men and low education attainment in women were risk factors for AO in model. 1. There was a significant association of AO with alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and dietary quality in men, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking in women. These factors except alcohol consumption in men became insignificant in model 3. This findings underscore the importance of developing AO prevention programs in Korea that target the at risk groups identified in this study. A program focusing on low income men or less educated women would be more efficient.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.457-465
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• 2017

Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced murine models of type 1 diabetes have been used to examine ER stress during pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell apoptosis, as this ER stress plays important roles in the pathogenesis and development of the disease. However, the mechanisms linking type 1 diabetes to the ER stress-modulating anti-diabetic signaling pathway remain to be addressed, though it was recently established that ERK5 (Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 5) contributes to the pathogeneses of diabetic complications. This study was undertaken to explore the mechanism whereby ERK5 inhibition instigates pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell apoptosis via an ER stress-dependent signaling pathway. STZ-induced diabetic WT and CHOP deficient mice were i.p. injected every 2 days for 6 days under BIX02189 (a specific ERK5 inhibitor) treatment in order to evaluate the role of ERK5. Hyperglycemia was exacerbated by co-treating C57BL/6J mice with STZ and BIX02189 as compared with mice administered with STZ alone. In addition, immunoblotting data revealed that ERK5 inhibition activated the unfolded protein response pathway accompanying apoptotic events, such as, PARP-1 and caspase-3 cleavage. Interestingly, ERK5 inhibition-induced exacerbation of pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell apoptosis was inhibited in CHOP deficient mice. Moreover, transduction of adenovirus encoding an active mutant form of $MEK5{\alpha}$, an upstream kinase of ERK5, inhibited STZ-induced unfolded protein responses and ${\beta}$-cell apoptosis. These results suggest that ERK5 protects against STZ-induced pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell apoptosis and hyperglycemia by interrupting the ER stress-mediated apoptotic pathway.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2007

Objective : The authors attempted to confirm the risk factors for recurrent chronic subdural hematoma[CSDH] after simple burr-hole drainage. Methods : A total of 302 patients with CSDH who were treated at our hospital between January 1998 and May 2005 were studied. Various parameters considered for analysis of factors associated with CSDH recurrence; demographic and clinical findings [age, sex, history of seizures, diabetes, vascular diseases], initial and perioperative CT findings [hematoma density, location of catheter tip, post operative intracranial air, intracranial hematoma extension, hematoma width, hematoma site]. Results : Twenty-four patients [7.9%] experienced recurrence, whereas 278 patients [92.1%] did not. Five major risk factors should be considered : 1) layered type by hematoma density, 2) type I, II by location of catheter tip, 3) presence of postoperative intracranial air, 4) cranial base type of intracranial hematoma extension, 5) greater hematoma width. Conclusion : In this study, we report that the incidence of postoperative CSDH recurrence can be reduced by the examination of the hematoma characteristics on initial and perioperative CT findings and by preventing subdural air accumulation during operation. In addition, the location of the catheter tip can be used as a helpful factor in reducing the recurrence.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.63-78
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• 1998

The decrease of muscle power and muscle size between twenties and seventies was about 30% and 40% respectively. The loss of muscle mass by aging resulted in the decrease of muscle power. The loss of muscle mass was due to the decrease of number of Type I fiber and Type II fiber and size of each muscle fiber. The aging skeletal muscle didn't show the loss of glycolysis capacity but showed 20% decrease of the oxidative enzymes and muscle vascularization. The vigorous endurance exercise training with graded intensity played a role in the vascular proliferation, increase of activity of oxidative enzymes and improvement of $VO_2$ max. The graded resistance exercise also played a role in the muscle hypertrophy and increase of muscle power, if it performed with adequate intensity and period. The exercise adaptation of aging skeletal muscle prevented it from sarcopenia, provided the activity of daily living with great effect and provided the aging related disease, that is Type II diabetes mellitus, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, osteoporosis and obesity, with great effect.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.283-294
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• 2017

Purpose: This study primarily aimed to investigate the short- and long-term remission rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in patients who underwent surgical treatment for gastric cancer, especially patients who were non-obese, and secondarily to determine the potential factors associated with remission. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients with T2D who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer, from January 2008 to December 2012. Results: T2D improved in 39 out of 70 (55.7%) patients at the postoperative 2-year follow-up and 21 of 42 (50.0%) at the 5-year follow-up. In the 2-year data analysis, preoperative body mass index (BMI) (P=0.043), glycated hemoglobin (A1C) level (P=0.039), number of anti-diabetic medications at baseline (P=0.040), reconstruction method (statistical difference was noted between Roux-en-Y reconstruction and Billroth I; P=0.035) were significantly related to the improvement in glycemic control. Unlike the results at 2 years, the 5-year data analysis revealed that only preoperative BMI (P=0.043) and A1C level (P=0.039) were statistically significant for the improvement in glycemic control; however, the reconstruction method was not. Conclusions: All types of gastric cancer surgery can be effective in short- and long-term T2D control in non-obese patients. In addition, unless long-limb bypass is considered in gastric cancer surgery, the long-term glycemic control is not expected to be different between the reconstruction methods.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2008

Protein phosphorylation at tyrosine residues is a key regulatory event that modulates insulin signal transduction. We studied the PTPN1 gene with regard to susceptibility to Korean type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its related quantitative traits. A total of seven SNPs [g.36171G>A (rs941798), g.58166G>A (rs3787343), g.58208A>G (rs2909270), g.64840C>T (rs754118), g.69560C>G (rs6020612), g.69866G>A (rs718050), and g.69934T>G (rs3787343)] were selected based on frequency (>0.05), linkage disequilibrium (LD) status, and haplotype tagging status. We studied the seven SNPs in 483 unrelated patients with type 2 diabetes (age: $64{\pm}2.8$ years, onset age: $56{\pm}8.1$ years; 206 men, 277 women) and 1138 nondiabetic control subjects (age: $64{\pm}2.9$; 516 men, 622 women). The SNP rs941798 had protective effects against T2DM with an odds ratio of 0.726 (C.I. $0.541{\sim}0.975$) and p-value=0.034, but none of the remaining six SNPs was associated with T2DM. Also, rs941798 was associated with blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, insulin sensitivity. rs941798 also has been associated with T2DM in previous reports of Caucasian-American and Hispanic-American populations. This is the first report that shows an association between PTPN1 and T2DM in the Korean as well as Asian population.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.54-65
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop healthy, appetizing high-protein snacks with enhanced isolated soy protein for diabetic patients and determine the blood glucose and insulin response after being consumed by these patients. MATERIALS/METHODS: Thirty adult patients aged between 30 and 75 years, with a ≤ 10-year history of type 2 diabetes and hemoglobin A1c of < 7.5%, were enrolled in this study. They made 3 clinical visits at one-week intervals. The control group consumed 50 g carbohydrates (white bread), whereas the test groups consumed high-protein grain (HP_G) or high-protein chocolate (HP_C) after an 8-hrs fast. Blood (2 ㎤) was drawn at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min before and after consumption to analyze the blood glucose and insulin concentrations. RESULTS: Compared to the commercial snacks, the developed high-protein snacks had below-average calorie, carbohydrate, and fat content and a 2.5-fold higher protein content. In diabetic patients who consumed these snacks, the postprandial blood glucose increased between 15 min and 2 h after consumption, which was significantly slower than the time taken for the blood glucose to increase in the patients who consumed the control food product (P < 0.001). Insulin secretion was significantly lower at 45 min after consumption (P < 0.05), showing that the high-protein snacks did not increase the blood glucose levels rapidly. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC), which indicated the degree of blood sugar and insulin elevation after food intake, was higher in the control group than the groups given the 2 developed snacks (P < 0.001), and there was no significant difference in insulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the postprandial blood glucose and insulin response suggest that high-protein snacks are potential convenient sources of high-quality protein and serve as a healthier alternative for patients with type 2 diabetes, who may have limited snack product choices. Such snacks may also provide balanced nutrition to pre-diabetic and obese individuals.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.98-110
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• 2020

Precise detection and modulation of electrical signal patterns passing through peripheral nerves connecting organs and brainstems, referred to as electroceuticals or bioelectronic medicines, have emerged as a new type of treatments for neural disorders and chronic diseases. With the rapid advancements in neural interface technologies, electroceuticals are the focus of treatments for these disorders or diseases. In this paper, we introduced electroceuticals as an extension of neuromodulation for the treatment of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, and bladder dysfunction, without side effects that are unavoidably elicited when conventional drugs are taken. Further, this paper reviewed the anatomy of the peripheral nervous system, treatment examples for chronic diseases, technological demands for peripheral nerve interfacing, global R&D programs and market trends for electroceuticals, and prospects on electroceuticals.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7499-7503
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• 2014

Physical inactivity has reached epidemic levels in developed countries and is being recognized as a serious public health problem. Recent evidence shows a high percentages of individuals worldwide who are physically inactive, i.e. do not achieve the WHO's present recommendation of 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity per week in addition to usual activities. Living in sedentary lifestyle is one of the leading causes of deaths and a high risk factor for several chronic diseases, like cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes type 2, and osteoporosis. This article summarizes evidence for relative risk of the civilization diseases attributable to physical inactivity and the most important conclusions available from the recent investigations computing the economic costs specific to physical inactivity. The findings provide health and economic arguments needed for people to understand the meaning of a sedentary lifestyle. This may be also useful for public health policy in the creation of programmes for prevention of physical inactivity.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2003

Animals possess a highly sophisticated mechanism of storing energy in adipose tissue inside their bodies. However, in humans it has been clarified that adipocyte (fat cell), which composes the body fat (adipose) tissues, development and the extent of subsequent fat accumulation are closely associated with the occurrence and advancement of various common diseases (e.g., type-2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and hypertension) resulting from obesity. Recent exciting progress in clinical and biochemical studies of adipocytes has rapidly clarified the functions of adipocytes and adipose tissue. Interesting findings are the function of white adipocytes as "secreting cells" and the molecular mechanism undelying adipocyte differentiation at the transcriptional level in relation to nuclear receptors. Consequently, the adipose tissue is being targeted for the prevention or treatment of many common diseases. In this review, I will focus on recent information on characteristics of adipocytes and the relationship between obesity and common obesity-related diseases. diseases.