• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.2904-2926
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• 2022

Currently, diabetes is the most common chronic disease in the world, affecting 23.7% of the population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Diabetes may be the cause of lower-limb amputations, kidney failure and blindness among adults. Therefore, diagnosing the disease in its early stages is essential in order to save human lives. With the revolution in technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI) could play a central role in the early prediction of diabetes by employing Machine Learning (ML) technology. In this paper, we developed a diagnosis system using machine learning models for the detection of type 2 diabetes among adults, through the adoption of two different diabetes datasets: one for training and the other for the testing, to analyze and enhance the prediction accuracy. This work offers an enhanced classification accuracy as a result of employing several pre-processing methods before applying the ML models. According to the obtained results, the implemented Random Forest (RF) classifier offers the best classification accuracy with a classification score of 98.95%.

• Diabetes and Metabolism Journal
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.451-464
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• 2018

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by a less intensive autoimmune process and a broad clinical phenotype compared to classical type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), sharing features with both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and T1DM. Since patients affected by LADA are initially insulin independent and recognizable only by testing for islet-cell autoantibodies, it could be difficult to identify LADA in clinical setting and a high misdiagnosis rate still remains among patients with T2DM. Ideally, islet-cell autoantibodies screening should be performed in subjects with newly diagnosed T2DM, ensuring a closer monitoring of those resulted positive and avoiding treatment of hyperglycaemia which might increase the rate of ${\beta}-cells$ loss. Thus, since the autoimmune process in LADA seems to be slower than in classical T1DM, there is a wider window for new therapeutic interventions that may slow down ${\beta}-cell$ failure. This review summarizes the current understanding of LADA, by evaluating data from most recent studies, the actual gaps in diagnosis and management. Finally, we critically highlight and discuss novel findings and future perspectives on the therapeutic approach in LADA.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.357-366
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• 2019

This study is to identify how the social support influences the impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes as structural equation analysis reflects the health behavior and psychological path. It investigates participants who give consents to participate in the Korean Health Examine Cohort (KOEX), which collects surveys and biological samples at eight university hospitals nationwide. Of the 53,767 adults over 30 years of age enrolled in the 2nd to 7th KOEX study from 2004 to 2010 (1st to 7th), 18,618 participants with a history of chronic diseases related to type 2 diabetes, the main variable, were excluded. The number of participants were 34,316 with enough data on social support and diabetes, which are the main variables. The results show that social support affects health behaviors and lowers fasting blood sugar. Therefore, not only the management of risk factors of individuals, but also the practice of healthy behavior with the attention of social relations such as social support, etc., can prevent type 2 diabetes.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.154-159
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• 2007

This study was conducted to find obesity, biochemical indices and nutrient intakes in type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus with hypertension in Gwangju area. Subjects were divided into two groups based on the status of hypertension. Duration of 139 normotensive type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus was $49.8{\pm}80.2$ months while that of hypertensive type Ⅱ diabetes was $79.7{\pm}95.5$ months. Anthropometric measurement revealed that subjects in both groups were in overweight determined by BMI, though there was no significant difference between two groups. Contrastingly, obesity rate and subscapular fat distribution were a good predictor to identify hypertensive group due to the significant differences between two groups, regardless of sex. Hypertensive type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus is significantly associated with more elevated cholesterol and fasting blood glucose level. Triglyceride level in the hypertensive female was prominent. Significant gender differences were shown in energy, carbohydrate, protein, Ca, Zn, vitamin $B_{6}$ and cholesterol intakes. Nutrient intakes of female normotensive group were higher than those of female hypertensive group except for riboflavin. However, different pattern on nutrient intakes in male was noted. Thus, sex is a great determinant to influence nutrient intakes in subject. Effective nutrition education program targeting type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus, especially hypertensive type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus should be developed and implemented to control blood glucose and lipidemia. It might be suggested to consider the importance different approaches of nutrition education program to both genders.

• 대한조현병학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of type 1 diabetes in patients with schizophrenia and their total medical costs and risk of hospitalization. Methods: This study used Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service data in Korea. To examine total medical costs and risk of hospitalization, we selected 1,510 subjects with schizophrenia (half with and half without type 1 diabetes) that were 1:1 matched via propensity score matching. In health care system perspective, total medical costs included out-of-pocket and insurer's costs. Logistic regression models were used to examine the risk of hospitalization. Results: The prevalence of type 1 diabetes in patients with schizophrenia was 3.87 per 1,000 person year. Among patients with schizophrenia, the amount of total average medical costs and hospitalization costs in patients with type 1 diabetes was 1.49 and 1.59 times higher than those in patients without it, respectively. The odds of hospitalization were higher among patients with type 1 diabetes compared with those without it (odds ratio, OR=1.97 ; 95% CI 1.60-2.43). Conclusion: This study showed that medical costs and risk of hospitalization were higher in schizophrenia patients with type 1 diabetes. Therefore, these individuals may require specific care programs.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2021

Objectives: Ongoing, proactive, planned, and patient-centered diabetes education is the cornerstone of care for all persons with diabetes. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the information needs of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients receiving insulin treatment in North-East Ethiopia. Methods: The study was conducted from July 2019 to January 2020 using a qualitative enquiry (phenomenological approach) with purposive sampling. Face-to-face in-depth interviews were used to collect data until reaching theoretical saturation. The participants were type 2 diabetes patients receiving insulin treatment. They were identified from the diabetes patients' registration book at the diabetes clinic and interviewed at their appointment time, and were selected to include wide variations in terms of socio-demographic characteristics. Twenty-four participants (11 men and 13 women), with a median age of 57 years, were interviewed. The data were organized using QDA Miner Lite version 2.0.7 and analyzed thematically using narrative strategies. Results: Most participants had not heard of diabetes before their diagnosis. They had limited knowledge of diabetes, but ascribed different connotations for it in the local language (Amharic). The needs reflections of patients were categorized into diabetes education and participants' recommendations. Diabetes education was totally absent at hospitals, and patients received education primarily from the Ethiopian Diabetes Association and broadcast and digital media. Thus, the major concern of patients was the availability of diabetes education programs at health institutions. Conclusions: Patients' main concern was the absence of routine diabetes education, which necessitates urgent action to implement diabetes education programs, especially at health institutions.

• Integrative Medicine Research
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.4-10
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• 2014

Green tea and coffee consumption have been widely popular worldwide. These beverages contain caffeine to activate the central nervous system by adenosine receptor blockade, and due to the caffeine, addiction or tolerance may occur. In addition to this caffeine effect, green tea and coffee consumption have always been at the center of discussions about human health, disease, and longevity. In particular, green tea catechins are involved in many biological activities such as antioxidation and modulation of various cellular lipid and proteins. Thus, they are beneficial against degenerative diseases, including obesity, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and various inflammatory diseases. Some reports also suggest that daily consumption of tea catechins may help in controlling type 2 diabetes. However, other studies have reported that chronic consumption of green tea may result in hepatic failure, neuronal damage, and exacerbation of diabetes, suggesting that interindividual variations in the green tea effect are large. This review will focus on the effect of green tea catechins extracted from the Camellia sinensis plant on type 2 diabetes and obesity, and the possible mechanistic explanation for the experimental results mainly from our laboratory. It is hoped that green tea can be consumed in a suitable manner as a supplement to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes and obesity.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2016

Background: Glycemic control is an effective way to reduce the cardiovascular complications of diabetes, but more than half of the adults with diabetes in Korea are improperly controlling their glycemic levels. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors associated with poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: This study analyzed 1,261 subjects ${\geq}30years$ old diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who participated in the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2012). Poor glycemic control rates were defined as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level ${\geq}7%$. To shed light on the causes of poor glycemic control, socio-demographics, diabetes severity, health status, and health behavior factors were adjusted and logistic regression was done. Results: Of the total 1,261 patients, 53.0% of patients with type 2 diabetes had HbA1c ${\geq}7%$. After running a logistic regression model, the odds ratio of poor glycemic control was higher in high school graduates than elementary school graduates; in people living in Chungcheong and Jeolla/Jeju than those living in Seoul; in the group with diabetes for over 5 years had diabetes less than 5 years; in a group with insulin and oral hypoglycemic agent treatment than non-treatment; in a group with hypertriglyceridemia than without hypertriglyceridemia; and in the group with slept less than 6 hours slept 7-8 hours. Conclusion: We need a comprehensive public health policy to reduce the poor glycemic control rates in type 2 diabetes patients. We should recognize the education levels, duration of diabetes, diabetes treatment, hypertriglyceridemia, and sleep duration were associated with poor glycemic control.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권11호
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• pp.1239-1243
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• 2005

목 적 : 체내에 축적된 철은 간에서 인슐린제거를 늦게 해 고인슐린혈증을 유발하며, 인슐린 작용을 저해시키고 이로 인해 당신생이 증가해 이차적으로 당뇨병을 유발할 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 체내의 저장 철을 알 수 있는 가장 좋은 지표인 ferritin을 측정해 2형 당뇨병 발생과의 연관성을 조사하기 위한 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 연세의료원에서 진료받고 있는 1형 당뇨 환자군 36명, 2형 당뇨 환자군 8명, 내당능 장애군 18명을 대상으로 하였으며, 2004년 학교 신체 검사에서 정상 대조군 29명을 선정하여, ferritin과 기타 혈청학적 및 임상적 검사를 실시하였다. 결 과 : 1) 정상대조군, 내당능 장애군, 2형 당뇨 환자군에서 평균 Log ferritin은 각각 $1.33{\pm}0.32$, $1.63{\pm}0.19$, $1.90{\pm}0.30$였으며 정상 대조군에 비해 내당능 장애군(P<0.01)과 2형 당뇨 환자군(P<0.01)에서 유의하게 증가되어 있었다. 2) Log ferritin과 각 변수인자와의 상관관계는 체질량 지수(P<0.01), 수축기 혈압(P<0.01), 공복시 혈당(P<0.01), 공복시 인슐린(P<0.01)과 유의한 관계를 보였다. 결 론 : 정상 대조군에 비해 내당능 장애군과 2형 당뇨 환자군에서 ferritin이 의미 있게 높았으며 ferritin의 증가는 인슐린 저항성과 2형 당뇨병 발생의 유발인자로서의 가능성을 시사한다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.409-421
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and bacterial load of 6 main periodontal pathogens between pairs of periodontal patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans genotypes were also investigated. Methods: Twenty patients affected by chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes were retrospectively selected and matched to 20 patients without diabetes on the basis of the degree and severity of periodontal disease. Microbiological data of subgingival biofilms were analysed and compared for the examined pathogens: A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Tannerella forsythia. Results: The pairs were balanced in terms of demographic and clinical parameters, except for bleeding on probing and suppuration. In the microbiological test sites (4 for each patient), the mean probing pocket depth was 6.34±1.63 mm in patients with diabetes and 6.41±1.78 mm in patients without diabetes. No significant difference between pairs in the prevalence of P. gingivalis or the distribution of its genotypes was recorded. Patients with diabetes had a significantly greater amount of total bacterial load, P. gingivalis, T. denticola, T. forsythia, and F. nucleatum (P<0.05). Moreover, patients with diabetes had a higher number of sites with a greater cell count than patients without diabetes. When compared to the total bacterial load, only T. forsythia maintained its relative load in patients with diabetes (P=0.001). Conclusions: This retrospective matched study supports the hypothesis that microbiological differences exist among periodontal patients with and without diabetes mellitus.