• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.10-14
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• 2011

This study reports on Co/$Co_2$MnSn two-phase magnets. The Co/$Co_2$MnSn two-phase magnet has Co precipitates in a $Co_2MnSn$ Heusler alloy matrix, in which the two phases are exchange-coupled at the phase boundary. The as-casted Co/$Co_2$MnSn system, which has Co-Mn solid solution precipitates in a $Co_2$MnSn Heusler alloy matrix, showed that the Co solid solution precipitates are crystallographically coherent and there is exchange coupling at the phase boundary. To form pure Co precipitates by removal of Mn solute atoms in Co-Mn solid solution, annealing was carried out 48 hours at $870^{\circ}C$. After annealing, the low $T_c$ and low magnetization phase of the Co-Mn solid solution became a high $T_c$ and high magnetization phase of hexagonal Co.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 1998

수용성 이상계에서 효율적인 추출발효를 수행하기 위해서는 생체촉매와 생성물이 서로 반대 상에 우세하게 분배되어아 한다. 일반적으로 분자량이 낮은 생성물은 양쪽상에 비슷하게 분배되므로, 상의 조성 등을 조절하여 한쪽상의 체적을 증가시켜 최대한으로 생성물을 추출하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 PEI와 HEC으로 구성된 수용성 이상계에서 L. helveticus와 젖산의 분배에 미치는 다가 음이온의 농도, pH, 배지의 농도 및 생육배지 농도 등의 영향을 검토하였다. PEI의 상대 이온으로 작용하는 phosphate, sulfate 음이온수의 증가는 PEI 상의 체적을 감소시켜 하부상에 분배되는 세포의 양(Cb)을 감소시켰으며, sulfate 농도의 영향은 phosphate에 비해 적었다. 검토한 범위에서 대략 93%이상의 세포가 HEC-rich상부상에 분배되었다. 이상계에 생육배지 농도를 달리하여 첨가했을 때 배지 중에 존재하는 phosphate와 sulfate 농도에 따라 비슷한 경향을 나타냈지만 낮은 농도로 인하여 그 영향은 크지 않았다. Phosphate 농도에 따른 젖산분배를 검토한 결과 농도가 증가할수록 분배계수는 감소하였으며, 대략 85%가량의 젖산이 PEI의 하부상에 분배되었다. 이 결과로부터 수용성 이상계에서 전하를 띤 저 분자량의 생성물의 추출은 반대 전하를 띠는 폴리머를 하나의 상형성 풀리머로 사용함으로써 증진되었음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 L. helveticus 세포는 95% 정도가 상부상에 분배되고 젖산은 85%정도가 하부상에 우세하게 분배되므로 PEI/HEC 이상계는 치즈유청으로 부터의 젖산의 추출발효에 가능성이 높은 시스템으로 응용될 수 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.1203-1210
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• 2004

It was reported recently that the pump head degradation near the best efficiency point from single-phase flow to the break-down due to air entrainment became less in a screw-type centrifugal pump than in a general centrifugal pump. In this paper, I carried out internal pressure measurements and visualizations, and investigated the various physical phenomena occurring inside a screw-type centrifugal pump operated in air-water two-phase flow. The results could give some characteristics about the degradation of pump performance on air-water two-phase flow.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.335-347
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• 2016

One of major errors in flow rate measurement for two-phase flow using an Electrical Capacitance Sensor (ECS) concerns sensor sensitivity under temperature raise. The thermal effect on electrical capacitance sensor (ECS) system for air-water two-phase flow monitoring include sensor sensitivity, capacitance measurements, capacitance change and node potential distribution is reported in this paper. The rules of 12-electrode sensor parameters such as capacitance, capacitance change, and change rate of capacitance and sensitivity map the basis of Air-water two-phase flow permittivity distribution and temperature raise are discussed by ANSYS and MATLAB, which are combined to simulate sensor characteristic. The cross-sectional void fraction as a function of temperature is determined from the scripting capabilities in ANSYS simulation. The results show that the temperature raise had a detrimental effect on the electrodes sensitivity and sensitive domain of electrodes. The FE results are in excellent agreement with an experimental result available in the literature, thus validating the accuracy and reliability of the proposed flow rate measurement system.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.224-234
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• 2008

Multi-phase machines can be used in variable speed drives. Their applications include electric ship propulsion, 'more-electric aircraft' and traction applications, electric vehicles, and hybrid electric vehicles. Multi-phase machines enable independent control of a few numbers of machines that are connected in series in a particular manner with their supply being fed from a single voltage source inverter(VSI). The idea was first implemented for a five-phase series-connected two-motor drive system, but is now applicable to any number of phases more than or equal to five-phase. The number of series-connected machines is a function of the phase number of VSI. Theoretical and simulation studies have already been reported for number of multi-phase multi-motor drive configurations of series-connection type. Variable speed induction motor drives without mechanical speed sensors at the motor shaft have the attractions of low cost and high reliability. To replace the sensor, information concerning the rotor speed is extracted from measured stator currents and voltages at motor terminals. Open-loop estimators or closed-loop observers are used for this purpose. They differ with respect to accuracy, robustness, and sensitivity against model parameter variations. This paper analyses operation of an MRAS estimator based sensorless control of a vector controlled series-connected two-motor five-phase drive system with current control in the stationary reference frame. Results, obtained with fixed-voltage, fixed-frequency supply, and hysteresis current control are presented for various operating conditions on the basis of simulation results. The purpose of this paper is to report the first ever simulation results on a sensorless control of a five-phase two-motor series-connected drive system. The operating principle is given followed by a description of the sensorless technique.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.1105-1117
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• 2023

In this study, the pressure drop behavior of single- and two-phase flows of air and water through the porous beds filled with uniform and non-uniform sized spherical particles was examined. The pressure drop data in the single-phase flow experiments for the uniform particle beds agreed well with the original Ergun correlation. The results from the two-phase flow experiments were analyzed using numerical results based on three types of previous models. In the experiments for the uniform particle beds, the data on the two-phase pressure drop clearly showed the effect of the flow regime transition with a variation in the gas flow rate under stagnant liquid condition. The numerical analyses indicated that the predictability of the previous models for the experimental data relied mainly on the sub-models of the flow regime transitions and interfacial drag. In the experiments for the non-uniform particle beds, the two-phase pressure loss could be predicted well with numerical calculations based on the effective particle diameter. However, the previous models failed to accurately predict the counter-current flooding limit observed in the experiments. Finally, we propose a relation of falling liquid velocity into the particle bed by gravity to appropriately simulate the CCFL phenomenon.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.349-356
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• 1990

In order to control DC motors for electric cars by chopper system, four quadrant operations - forward powering, forward regenerative braking, reverse powering, reverse regenerative braking - are needed. For the four quadrant operations, the separately - excited DC motors are used in this study. The conversion of each quadrant operation has been obtained by 1) adopting the two phase chopper system with combined output for the armature control, and 2) the single phase chopper system for the field control.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.636-655
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• 2010

A thermal-hydraulic code, named CUPID, has been being developed for the realistic analysis of transient two-phase flows in nuclear reactor components. The CUPID code development was motivated from very practical needs, including the analyses of a downcomer boiling, a two-phase flow mixing in a pool, and a two-phase flow in a direct vessel injection system. The CUPID code adopts a two-fluid, three-field model for two-phase flows, and the governing equations are solved over unstructured grids with a semi-implicit two-step method. This paper presents an overview of the CUPID code development and assessment strategy. It also presents the code couplings with a system code, MARS, and, a three-dimensional reactor kinetics code, MASTER.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2013

This paper presents the comparison of heat transfer and pressure drop of various secondary refrigerants (single-phase and two-phase) in the indirect refrigeration system. The main results were summarized as follows: In case of heat transfer, it is useful to use secondary refrigerants in low evaporating temperature region and the heat transfer coefficient of single-phase is larger than two-phase secondary refrigerants. In case of pressure drop, it is useful to use secondary refrigerants in high evaporating temperature region and the pressure drop of two-phase is smaller than single-phase secondary refrigerant. Also, $CO_2$ is the best useful because pressure drop of $CO_2$ among the secondary refrigerants is the smallest.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 스마트폰 내장 가속도 센서를 이용한 2단계 행위 인식 시스템을 제안한다. 제안하는 행위 인식 시스템에서는 각 행위 별 가속도 데이터의 시간적 변화 패턴을 충분히 반영하기 위해, 1단계에서는 결정트리(DT) 학습을 수행하고, 2단계에서는 1단계 분류 결과들의 시퀀스를 이용하여 은닉 마코프 모델(HMM) 학습을 수행한다. 또한, 견고한 행위 인식기를 얻기 위해, 동일한 행위에 대해 서로 사용자와 서로 다른 스마트폰 위치와 방향으로부터 수집한 다양한 대용량 데이터를 이용하여 본 시스템을 훈련하였다. 6가지 실내 행위들에 대해 수집한 6720개의 가속도 센서 데이터를 이용한 실험을 통해, 본 시스템은 앞서 설명한 설계 방식을 기초로 높은 인식 성능을 보여주었다.