• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

In orchard or crop-growing environments, pesticides are sprayed using various nozzles to prevent pests and improve productivity. Nozzles currently in use are restricted for use in multi-purpose environments, thus, it is necessary to develop new nozzles. In this study, new two-phase nozzles are proposed to improve the performance of the nozzle (flow rate, spray angle, spray particle size). The performance of the two-phase nozzles are predicted through the CFD analysis and the performance of the nozzles is compared with the experiment. The experimental results showed that the proposed two-phase nozzles are available at relatively low operating pressure condition and are capable of extensive spray particle size control. Thus, the proposed nozzles are expected to be available in various orchard environments.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.12a
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• pp.301-308
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• 1999

The present study investigates numerically particle laden flow through compressor cascades and a rocket nozzle. Engines are affected by various particles which are suspending in the atmosphere. Especially in the case of aircraft aviating in volcanic, industrial and desert region including many particles, each components of engine system are damaged severely. That damage modes are erosion of compressor blading and rotor path components, partial or total blockage of cooling passage and engine control system degradation. Numerical prediction and experimental data, erosion rates are predicted for two materials - ceramic, soft metal - on compressor blade surface. Aluminum oxide ($Al_2O_3$) Particles included in solid rocket propelant make ablative the rocket motor nozzle and imped the expansion processes of propulsion. By the definition of particle deposition efficiency, characteristics of particles impaction are considered quantitatively Stoke number is defined over the various particle sizes and particle trajectories are treated by Lagrangian approach. Particle stability is considered by definition of Weber number in rocket nozzle and particle breakup and evaporation is simulated in a rocket nozzle.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.20-26
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• 2017

The two-fluid equations are widely used to simulate two-phase flows in a nuclear reactor. For the two-fluid momentum equation, the wall and interfacial drag terms play an important role in predicting a two-phase flow behavior. Since the bubble density is much smaller than the water density, the bubble accelerates faster than the liquid in a nozzle. As a result, the bubble phase becomes faster than the liquid phase in the nozzle. In contrast, the opposite phenomena occur in the diffuser. The purpose of our study is to experimentally show these behaviors in an area-varying channel such as nozzle and diffuser. Experiments were made of turbulent bubbly flows in an area-varying horizontal channel. The velocities of the bubble and liquid phases were measured by the PIV technique. It was shown that the two-phase velocities were no longer close to each other in the area-varying regions. The bubble was faster than the liquid in the nozzle; in contrast, the bubble was slower than the liquid in the diffuser. Code simulations were also performed using the MARS code. By replacing the original wall drag model in the MARS code with Kim (1)'s wall drag partition model, we obtained the simulation results being consistent with experimental observations.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1529-1538
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• 1995

In this study, a liquid sheet type co-axial nozzle has been used to investigate the turbulent atomization characteristics which could result in the experimental data to be used in designing a jet nozzle with high performance. Image processing technique and immersion sampling method were employed to measure droplet size. In atomizing characteristics, droplet size distributions and absolute droplet sizes, SMD(Sauter Mean Diameter) have been investigated in the wide ranges of flow field depending upon the air-water mass ratios. And the comparisons between the present data and the semi-empirical curves have been conducted semi-empirical correlation for SMD has been derived in the present analysis.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.7-8
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• 2006

The governing equations for high-speed lateral atomizing injector nozzle flow based on the LES-VOF model in conjunction with the CSF model are presented, and then an integrated parallel computation are performed to clarify the detailed atomization process of a high speed nozzle flow and to acquire data which is difficult to confirm by experiment such as atomization length, liquid core shapes, droplets size distributions, spray angle and droplets velocity profiles. According to the present analysis, it is found that the atomization rate and the droplets-gas two-phase flow characteristics are controlled by the turbulence perturbation upstream of the injector nozzle, hydrodynamic instabilities at the gas-liquid interface, shear stresses between liquid core and periphery of the jet. Furthermore, stable and a high-resolution computation can be attained in the high density ratio (pl/ pg = 554) conditions conditions by using our numerical method.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2009

A study was performed to investigate the characteristics of two-phase jet injected into subsonic cross-flow using the external mixed gas blast two-phase nozzle. The shadowgraph method was adopted for the cross-flow jet visualization and PDPA system was used to measure droplet size, velocity, and volume flux. The atomization of two-phase jet is initially determined according to gas to liquid mass flow-rate ratio and the Reynolds number of cross-flows. The highest penetration trajectories of two-phase jet injected into cross-flow are governed by the momentum ratio at subsonic cross-flow. As GLR of two-phase jet injected into cross-flow increases, the droplet size decreases and the distribution area of volume flux increases. The distribution of volume flux that influenced by the counter vortex pair at the downstream of cross-flow is symmetric in shape of horseshoe.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.7-13
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• 2008

The cavitating flow simulation is of practical importance for many engineering systems, such as pump, turbine, nozzle, Infector, etc. In the present work, a solver for two-phase flows has been developed and applied to simulate the cavitating flows past hydrofoils. The governing equation is the two-phase Navier-Stokes equation, comprised of the continuity equation of liquid and vapor phase. The momentum and energy equation is in the mixture phase. The solver employs an implicit, dual time, preconditioned algorithm using finite difference scheme in curvilinear coordinates. An experimental data and other numerical data were compared with the present results to validate the present solver. It is concluded that the present numerical code has successfully accounted for two-phase Navier-Stokes model of cavitation flow.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.78-81
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• 2008

A numerical study of the unsteady flow in an over-expanded thrust optimized contour and compressed truncated perfect rocket nozzle is carried out in present paper. These rocket nozzles are subject to flow separation in transient phase at engine start-up and/or engine shut-down. The separation flow structures at different pressure ratios are observed. The start-up process exhibits two different shock structures such as FSS (Free Shock Separation) and RSS (Restricted Shock Separation). For a range of pressure ratios, hysteresis phenomenon occurs between these two separation patterns. A three-dimension compressible Navier-Stokes solver is used for the present study. One equation Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model is selected. The computed nozzle wall pressures show a good agreement with the experimental measurements. Present results have shown that present code can be used for the analysis of the transient flows in nozzle.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.237-243
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• 2016

It is necessary to investigate the input power as well as the mass transfer characteristics of the aeration process in order to improve the energy efficiency of an aerobic water treatment. The objective of this study is to experimentally investigate the effect of orifice nozzle design and input power on the flow and mass transfer characteristics of a vertical two-phase flow. The mass ratio, input power, volumetric mass transfer coefficient, and mass transfer efficiency were calculated using the measured data. It was found that as the input power increases the volumetric mass transfer coefficient increases, while the mass ratio and mass transfer efficiency decrease. The mass ratio, volumetric mass transfer coefficient, and mass transfer efficiency were higher for the orifice configuration with a smaller orifice nozzle area ratio. An empirical correlation was proposed to estimate the effect of mass ratio, input power, and Froude number on the volumetric mass transfer coefficient.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 1997

The characteristics of the flow and energy conversion in OMACON liquid-metal MHD system are investigated. Numerical simulation of two-phase flow in the OMACON system without magnetic field was carried out by the Phoenics code and the energy conversion characteristics are studied in association with the fact that the mechanical energy loss at the nozzle of the OMACON system are to be converted into electrical energy. In this system, working fluid (gas) is injected through the mixer located at the bottom of the riser, and is mixed with hot liquid metal. Therefore in the riser two-phase flow is developed under the influence of the gravity. In this study, the interaction between the gas and liquid is considered by the use of IPSA(InterPhase Slip Algorithm) where standard drag coefficient has been used. It has been assumed that in the flow regime the liquid is continuous and the gas is dispersed. For the liquid and gas, the continuity equations, momentum equations and energy equations are solved respectively in association with void fraction in the flow field. In order to calculate the energy conversion efficiency, firstly the ratio of the mechanical energy loss of liquid metal flow at the nozzle to the input thermal energy is considered. Secondly flow pattern of liquid metal in the generator has been analyzed, and the characteristics of the conversion of the mechanical energy into the electrical energy has been investigated. For an representative case where Hartmann number is 540 and magnetic field is 0.35 T, the present analysis shows that the energy conversion efficiency is 0.653. This result is considered to be reasonable in comparison with published experimental results.