• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.491-501
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• 2011

국내에서 널리 사용되는 500 MW급 미분탄 화력발전에서 2개의 PM (pollution minimum) 버너의 최적 운전 범위를 확인하기 위하여 DPM (discrete phase model)을 활용하여 수치계산을 수행하였다. 본 연구는 저가의 아역청탄의 활용 증진을 위하여 다양한 조건에서 탄 종별로 연구를 수행하는데 그 목적이 있다. 탄 종별로 미분탄의 질량 유량, 1차 공기의 질량 유량, 그리고 미분탄의 입자 크기 분포를 달리하여 공기/석탄의 분배비의 영향을 조사하였다. 이러한 매개변수에 관하여 PM 버너에서의 공기/석탄의 분배비의 최적운전조건을 도출하고 이에 대해 논의하고자 한다.

• 태양에너지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 1991

파라핀 왁스에 열에너지를 저장하기 위해 열전달 기구로 원판형 핀이 달린 열싸이폰을 사용하였다. 실험은 4, 6, 8개의 핀에 대해 수행되었으며 각각의 경우 왁스의 초기온도와 주입열량을 변화시키면서 실험을 반복하였다. 실험을 통하여 특히 잠열 축열계의 전열경로의 주요지점에서의 열전달 특성을 규명하고자 하였으며 주요 결론은 다음과 같다. (1) 열싸이폰의 열관류율과 총합열관류율은 핀의 수가 증가함에 따라 커지나 핀과 왁스사이의 열전달계수는 감소하였다. (2) 핀에 의해 열전달이 촉진됨으로서 핀이 없는 열싸이폰에서 일어나는 dry-out 현상이 제거되었다. (3) 수평형의 핀은 왁스의 큰 규모의 대류를 억제하며 핀의 수가 증가함에 따라 핀 사이에서의 국소대류도 더욱 억제되었다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.125-130
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• 2001

Experimental and analytical researches have been conducted on the twin-fluid atomizers for better droplet breakup during the past decades. But, the studies on the disintegration mechanism still present a great challenge to understand the drop behavior and breakup structure. In an effort to describe the aerodynamic behavior of the sprays issuing from the internal mixing counter-swirling nozzle, the spatial distribution of axial (U) radial (V) and tangential (W) components of droplet velocities are investigated across the radial distance at several axial locations of Z=30, 50, 80, 120 and 170mm, respectively. Experiments were conducted for the liquid flow rates which was kept constant at 7.95 g/s and the air injection pressures were varied from 20 kPa to 140 kPa. Counter-swirling internal mixing nozzles manufactured at angles of $15^{\circ},\;30^{\circ},\;45^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ the central axis with axi-symmetric tangential-drilled holes was considered. The distributions of velocities and turbulence intensities are comparatively analyzed. PDPA is installed to specify spray flows, which have been conducted along the axial downstream distance from the nozzle exit. Ten thousand of sampling data was collected at each point with time limits of 30 second. 3-D automatic traversing system is used to control the exact measurement. It is observed that the sprays with all swirl angle have the maximum SMD for on air injection pressure of 20 kPa and 140 kPa with centerline, respectively. The nozzle with swirl angle of $60^{\circ}$ has vest performance.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.821-830
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• 2007

Feedwater heaters of many nuclear power plants have recently experienced severe wall thinning damage, which will increase as operating time progresses. Several nuclear power plants in Korea have experienced wall thinning damage in the area around the impingement baffle-installed downstream of the high pressure turbine extraction steam line- inside number 5A and 5B feedwater heaters. At that point, the extracted steam from the high pressure turbine is two phase fluid at high temperature, high pressure, and high speed. Since it flows in reverse direction after impinging the impingement baffle, the shell wall of the number 5 high pressure feedwater heater may be affected by flow-accelerated corrosion. This paper describes the comparisons between the numerical results using the FLUENT code and the down scale experimental data on effect of geometry of the impingement baffle plate on the shell wall thinning. Additionally, a new type impingement baffle plate was installed above the impingement baffle plate in the feedwater heater and then the numerical and experimental study were performed in the same progress.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2010

알루미나 입자가 포함된 KSLV-I KM 고공 플룸 유동을 연소실에서 노즐 출구의 고공 팽창과정을 해석하였다. 알루미나 입자 및 플룸 가스의 물성치 및 분포를 달리하여 해석한 결과 연소가스 비열비를 1.2로 알루미나 입자의 직경 분포를 7가지로 가정하면 노즐 내부 유동 특성이 평형유동 해석 결과와 비교적 일치하였다. 입자의 팽창각은 가스유동보다 작으며 입자 직경이 클수록 팽창각은 더 작았다. 알루미나 입자의 광학 열물성을 변화시키며 KM TVC 분배기 위치의 복사열을 계산한 결과 알루미나 입자의 방사율이 0.1일 때 비행시험 결과와 비슷한 수준을 예측하였다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2009

Molten iron with 2 mass % carbon content was decarbonized at 1823 K~1923 K by bubbling $Ar+O_2$ gas through a submerged nozzle. The reaction rate was significantly influenced by the oxygen partial pressure and the gas flow rate. Little evolution of CO gas was observed in the initial 5 seconds of the oxidation; however, this was followed by a period of high evolution rate of CO gas. The partial pressure of CO gas decreased with further progress of the decarbonization. The overall reaction is decomposed to two elementary reactions: the decarbonization and the dissolution rate of oxygen. The assumptions were made that these reactions are at equilibrium and that the reaction rates are controlled by mass transfer rates within and around the gas bubble. The time variations of carbon and oxygen contents in the melt and the CO partial pressure in the off-gas under various bubbling conditions were well explained by the mathematical model. Based on the present model, it was explained that the decarbonization rate of molten iron was controlled by gas-phase mass transfer at the first stage of reaction, but the rate controlling step was transferred to liquid-phase mass transfer from one third of reaction time.

• 에너지공학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.333-340
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• 1999

과냉수에서의 난류 증기응축 제트에 대한 수치해석 연구가 수행되었다. 증기와 과냉수 사이에 국부 균질유동을 가정하고 난류 특성은 난류 확산화염에서 사용되는 $textsc{k}$-$\varepsilon$-g 모델을 사용하여 증기응축 유동 현상에 대한 물리적 모델을 제안하였다. 즉, 난류는 난류 운동 에너지와 운동 에너지 소멸률로 모사되고 증기와 과냉수의 혼합률비에 대한 평균값과 변동량에 대한 미분 방정식을 추가하여 직접 풀고 혼합률비에 확률분포 함수를 적용하여 열역학 변수의 평균값을 구한다. 증기 질량 유속, 과냉수 온도와 노즐 직경을 변화시키며 증기응축제트의 특성을 해석하였다. 본 해석에 사용된 모델을 평가하기 위해 기존의 실험 데이터를 사용해서 수치해석 결과와 실험치를 비교하여 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

Feedwater heaters of many nuclear power plants have recently experienced severe wall thinning damage, which will increase as operating time progresses. Several nuclear power plants in Korea have experienced wall thinning damage in the area around the impingement baffle - installed downstream of the high pressure turbine extraction steam line - inside number 5A and 5B feedwater heaters. At that point, the extracted steam from the high pressure turbine is two phase fluid at high temperature, high pressure, and high speed. Since it flows in reverse direction after impinging the impingement baffle, the shell wall of the number 5 high pressure feedwater heater may be affected by flow-accelerated corrosion. This paper describes the comparisons between the numerical analysis results using the FLUENT code and the down scale experimental data in an effort to determine root causes of the shell wall thinning of the high pressure feedwater heaters. The numerical analysis and experimental data were also confirmed by actual wall thickness measured by an ultrasonic test.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2004

Feedwater flowing tube side of number 5 high pressure feedwatrr heaters was heated by extracting steam from high pressure turbine and draining water from moisture separators and number 6 high pressure feedwater heaters and supplied into steam generators. Because the extracting steam from the high pressure turbine is two phase fluid of high temperature, high pressure, and high speed and flows to inverse direction after impinging to impingement baffle. the shell wall of the number 5 high pressure feedwater heater may be affected by flow accelerated corrosion. On May 14, 1999, Point Beach Nuclear Plant (PBNP) with operating at full power experienced a steam leak from rupture of shell side of number 4B feedwater heater. Also, d domestic nuclear power plant experienced a severe wall thinning of shell side of number 5A and 5B feedwater heaters. This paper describes the fluid mixing analysis study using PHOENICS code in order to get at the root of the shell wall thinning of the feedwater heaters. The sections included in the fluid mixing analysis model are around the number 5h feedwater heater shell including the extracting pipeline. To identify the relation between the local velocities and wall thinning. the local velocities according to the analysis results were compared with the distribution of the shell wall thickness by ultrasonic test.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.758-763
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• 2001

This paper presents twin spray characteristics of two impinging F-O-O-F type injectors in which fuel and oxidizer impinge on each other to atomize under the various conditions. The droplet size and velocity in the impinging spray flow field were measured using a PDPA. The droplet size and velocity were investigated at mixture ratios of 1.5, 2.0, 2.47 and 3.0 for four injectors in which two single F-O-O-F injectors were arranged at intervals of 20.8, 31.2, 41.6 and 62.4mm respectively. In general, the arithmetic mean diameter, SMD and standard deviation of droplet size in the interaction area (X=0 and Y=0mm) were smaller. The axial velocity in the interaction area was slightly higher. Considering the behavior of impinged droplets using the We number calculated by using the axial velocity instead of the relative velocity in line C in Fig. 1(b) for four injectors, it is consumed that the We number over 500 had the possibility to disintegrate, and the We number below 500 had it to cohere after impingement of twin spray. The results of this study can be used for the design of a nozzle for liquid propellant rockets.