• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.833-846
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• 1988

본 연구에서는 후래시현상과 가열이 동시에 존재하면서 증발을 일으키는 수직 증발관내에서의 유동양식에 대해서, 우선 전기 프로우브를 이용하여 관내의 유동양식 에 따른 전기적 신호를 얻고, 시진실험 방법(photographic experimental method)을 통 하여 이를 확인한다. 또한, 전기 프로우브를 통하여 얻은 신호는 적절한 해석과정을 통해 수직 증발관내의 유동에 따른 기공률을 측정하는데 적용된다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.712-716
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• 2003

In the present study, the gas injection system based on air-water model was designed to investigate the behavior characteristics of bubbles injected into a ladle. The parameters such as gas volume fraction and bubble rise velocity were exprementally measured in a gas-liquid flow region. To measure gas volume fraction, an electo-conductivity probe was used and bubble rise velocity was obtained by a high speed CCD camera. Gas volume fraction was symmetric to the axis of nozzle secured on the bottom of a ladle. The bubble rise velocity was calculated for two different experimental conditions. That is, gas flow conditions were following two case: 1) Q = $0.63{\times}10^{-4}$ $m^{3}/s$, 2) $1.26{\times}10^{-4}$ $m^{3}/s$. As a gas injected into the liquid ladle, the liquid-phase region is circulated by bubbles' behavior. The bubble rise velocity was influenced of the circulation flow of liquid phase. As a result, the bubble rise velocity was appeared higher middle region of ladle than near the nozzle.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2016

Concerning the numerical simulation of high-speed water jet with intensive cavitation this paper presents a practical compressible mixture flow method by coupling a simplified estimation of bubble cavitation and a compressible mixture flow computation. The mean flow of two-phase mixture is calculated by URANS for compressible fluid. The intensity of cavitation in a local field is evaluated by the volume fraction of gas phase varying with the mean flow, and the effect of cavitation on the flow turbulence is considered by applying a density correction to the evaluation of eddy viscosity. High-speed submerged water jets issuing from a sheathed sharp-edge orifice nozzle are treated when the cavitation number, ${\sigma}=0.1$, and the computation result is compared with experimental data The result reveals that cavitation occurs initially at the entrance of orifice and bubble cloud develops gradually while flowing downstream along the shear layer. Developed bubble cloud breaks up and then sheds downstream periodically near the sheath exit. The pattern of cavitation cloud shedding evaluated by simulation agrees experimental one, and the possibility to capture the unsteadily shedding of cavitation clouds is demonstrated. The decay of core velocity in cavitating jet is delayed greatly compared to that in no-activation jet, and the effect of the nozzle sheath is demonstrated.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.385-388
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• 2002

The researches of a two-phase atomizers have been carried out in the field of automotive and aerospace industries in order to improve the atomization performance of the liquid droplets ejecting from these nozzles. The smaller droplets have the advantages of the reduction of environmental pollution matter and effective use of energy through the improvement of heat and mass transfer efficiency. Thus, to propose the basic information of two-phase flow, an internal mixing atomizer was designed, its shape factor was 0.6 and the liquid feeding hole was positioned at the center of the mixing tube which was used to mix the air and liquid. The experimental work was performed in the field after the nozzle exit orifice. The measurement of the liquid droplets was made by PDPA system. This system can measure the velocity and size of the droplets simultaneously. The number of the droplets used in this calculation was set to 10,000. The flow patterns were regulated by ALR (Air to Liquid mass Ratio). ALR was varied from 0.1024 to 0.3238 depending on the mass flow rate of the air. The analysis of sampling data was mainly focused on the spray characteristics such as flow characteristics distributions, half-width of spray, RMS, and turbulent kinetic energy with ALR.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.795-801
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• 1999

An experimental investigation has been conducted with the objective of studying the mixing mechanism near the nozzle exit in a tone-excited jet diffusion flame. The fuel jet was pulsed by means of a loudspeaker-driven cavity. The excitation frequencies were chosen for the two cases of the non-resonant and resonant frequency identified as a fuel tube resonance due to acoustic excitation. The effect of tone-excitations on mixing pattern near the nozzle exit and flame was visualized using various techniques, including schlieren photograph and laser light scattering photograph from $TiO_2$ seed particles. In order to clarify the details of the flame feature observed by visualization methods, hotwire measurements have been made. Excitation at the resonant frequency makes strong mixing near the nozzle. In this case, the fuel jet flow in the vicinity of nozzle exit breaks up into disturbed fuel parcels. This phenomena affects greatly the combustion characteristics of the tone excited jet and presumably occurs by flow separation from the wall inside the fuel nozzle. As a result, in the resonant frequency the flame length reduces greatly.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

When the steam is used as working fluid in fluid machinery, different from other gases as air, phase transition (steam condensation) can occur and it affects not only the flow fields, but also machine performance & efficiency. Therefore, considering phase transition phenomena in CFD calculation is required to achieve accurate prediction of steam flow and non-equilibrium wet-steam model is needed to simulate realistic steam condensing flow. In this research, non-equilibrium wet-steam model is implemented on in-house code(T-Flow), the flow fields including phase transition phenomena in convergent-divergent nozzle are studied and compared to results of advance researches.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.121-129
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• 1981

많은 기존 공식중 세계의 가장 우수한 최대 유량공식을 찾아, 그 세개의 한계유량공식의 개요와, 냉각재상실사고시 격납용기격리에 실패하는 경우를 특정지을 수 있는 구멍의 크기와 격납용기의 압력 및 온도 등이 주어진 상태하에서 격납용기로부터 외부대기로 방출되는 개략적인 핵분열생성물의 양을 추정하기 위한 계산절차를 제시하였다. 이상기체의 임계유량공식과 이상유(two-phase flow)의 최대유량을 산출하기 위한 무디(Moody)의 도표를 이용하여 계산실예를 제시하였으며, 그 결과를 콘뎀프트-앨티(CONTEMPT-LT) 전산코드의 질량유출공식을 콘버징 노즐(converging nozzle)을 통과하는 음속류(sonic flow)의 경우에 적용하여 산출한 값과 비교하여 보았다. 이리하여 이상 기체의 임계유량공식은 무디(Moody)의 공식이 주는 값과 거의 비슷한 결과를 줌을 입증하였다. 또한 냉각재상실 사고시 격납용기로부터의 유출율을 추정하기 위해서는 콘템프트-앨티(CONTEMPT-LT)의 질량유출공식을 사용하는 것보다 이상 기체의 최대유량공식을 사용하는 것이 더 보수적인 방법임을 보여 주었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1350-1362
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• 1997

An experimental study has been performed on vortex pairing under fundamental and subharmonic forcing with controlled initial phase differences through hot-wire measurements and a multi-smoke wire flow visualization. For the range of St$_{D}$ < 0.6, vortex pairing was controlled by means of fundamental and subharmonic forcing with varying initial phase differences. Much larger mixing rate was achieved by two-frequency forcing with a proper phase difference than one frequency forcing. As St$_{D}$ decreased, vortex pairing was limited to a narrow region of the initial phase difference between two disturbances and higher amplitudes of the fundamental and its subharmonic at the nozzle exit were required for more stable pairing. As the amplitude of the subharmonic at the nozzle exit increased for fixed St$_{D}$ and fundamental amplitude, the distribution of the subharmonic mode against the variation of the initial phase difference changed from a sine function form into a cusp-like form. Thus, vortex pairing can be controlled more precisely for the former case. For St$_{D}$ > 0.6, non-pairing advection of vortices due to the improper phase difference was sometimes observed in several fundamental forcing amplitudes when only the fundamental was applied. However, when its subharmonic was added, vortex pairing readily occurred. As the initial amplitude of this subharmonic increased, the position of vortex pairing moved upstream. This was thought to be due to the fact that the variation of the initial phase difference between the fundamental and its subharmonic has less effects on vortex pairing in the region of fundamental-only vortex pairing.pairing.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 12th Asian Congress of Fluid Mechanics
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• pp.62.3-62.3
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• 2008

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.817-824
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• 2015

본 논문은 수직 오리피스 노즐의 유동 및 물질전달 특성에 대한 실험적 연구를 목적으로 한다. 구동유체 및 부유체의 유량, 용존산소 농도 그리고 소비 전력을 측정하였으며, 고속 카메라를 이용한 직접 촬영 기법으로 수직 혼합유동의 가시화 이미지를 획득하였다. 측정자료를 이용하여 질량비, 총괄 산소전달 계수 그리고 물질전달 성능계수를 도출하였다. 구동압력이 증가하면 질량비는 약간 감소하는 반면에, 산소전달 계수와 소비전력은 증가하였다. 구동압력이 증가하고 질량비가 작아지면, 기포의 미세화가 촉진되고 확산도가 증대되기 때문에 산소 전달율이 증가하였다.