• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.248-254
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• 1992

The initial growth of Clostridium acetobutylicum was not inhibited by 1 atm of H$_2$ while H$_2$ reduced glucose consumption in a solventogenic culture of a phosphate limited 2-stage chemostat. Under 1 atm of H$_2$, a solventogenic culture consumed hydrogen, but an acidogenic culture produced hydrogen. H$_2$ consumption by the solventogenic culture was enhanced by the addition of 5 mM neutral red, an artificial electron carrier with a redox potential of -325 mV. Hydrogenase activity, measured in both directions of production and consumption, showed that activity coupled with methyl viologen is higher in an acidogenic culture than in a solventogenic culture, and that the two cultures have similar activities for methylene blue reduction. The solventogenic culture showed a higher activity coupled with neutral red than the acidogenic culture. From these results, it is hypothesized that hydrogen producing hydrogenase activity is high during the acidogenic phase, and decreases as solventogenesis starts, and that the solventogenic culture produces a second hydrogenase which uses an electron carrier other than ferredoxin. This hypothesis was supported by the fact that enzyme activities involved in electron flow can be coupled to neutral red, indepedent of ferredoxin, and that neutral red addition to the fermentation system increased butanol yield, with a decrease in production of less reduced fermentation products, and $H^2$.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.181-186
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to investigate effects of the two different in vitro production systems, serumcontaining system (IVM, IVF and IVC; TCM199, TALP and CR1aa) and serum-free system (IVM, IVF and IVC; IVMD101, IVMD100 and IVMD101), on the development of in vitro fertilized or DNA-microiniected embryos. We also examined the effect of DNA dosage and its expression pattern in embryos. The DNA used for microinjection was a green fluorescence protein gene. The development rates to $\geq$ 2cell, 8cell and blastocyst stage were significantly higher in vitro fertilized embryos than those in DNA-microinjected embryos. The development rate to the 8-cell stage was significantly higher in serum-free system than in serum-containing system (p<0.05; $3.3\%\;vs.\;15.5\%\;and\;21.4\%$, respectively). The development rates to the blastocyst stage of in vitro fertilzed or DNA-microinjected embryos between two different culture system ($2.7\%\;vs.\;2.3\%\;and\;23.0\%\;vs.\;23.6\%$, respectively) were not different. The development rates of embryos injected 2 ng/uL DNA was higher. than those of embryos injected 4 or 8 ng/uL DNA. The GFP expression rate of 1-cell embryos was significantly higher than that of 2-cell and 4-cell embryos, whereas the rates were not different between 4-cell and blastocyst-stage embryos.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1979.04a
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• pp.115.2-115
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• 1979

By employing a two-stage continuous culture system, some of important physiological parameters involved in cellulase bicsynthesis have been evalua-ted with an ultimate objective of detigning an op-timally controlled tellulase process. Volumetric and specific cellulase productivities obtained were 90 IU/liter/hr and 8IU/g biomass/hr respectively. The maximum specific enzyme productivity observed was 14.8 IU/g hiomass/hr. The optimal dilution rate in the second stage which corresponded to the maximum enzyme productivity was 0.026-0.028 hr$^{-1}$ , and the specific growth rate in the second stage ihat suported maximum specific enzyme productivity was equal to orslightly less than zero. The maintenance coefficients deter-mined for oxygen and for carbon source are M$_{o}$=0.85mmmole/g biomass/hr and M$_{c}$=0.14 mmole hexose/g bio mass/hr respectively. The yield constants determined are; Y(x/o) =32.3g biomass/mole oxygen, Y (x/c) =1.1g bio-mass/g carbon or 0.44g biomass/g hexose, Y(x/n) = 19.6g biomass/g nitrogen for the enzyme produc-tion stage and 12.5g biomass/g nitrogen for the cell growth stage.e.e.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

The adventitious root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is regarded as an efficient alternative to cell culture or hairy root culture for biomass production due to its fast growth and stable metabolite production. To determine optimal culture conditions for the bioreactor culture of ginseng roots, experiments have been conducted on physical and chemical factors such as bioreactor type, dissolved oxygen, gas supply, aeration, medium type, macro- and micro-elements, medium supplement during culture period, sucrose concentration, osmotic agents, medium pH and light. Elicitation is a key step to increase ginsenoside accumulation in the adventitious roots but biomass growth is severely inhibited by elicitor treatment. To obtain high ginsenoside content with avoiding biomass decrease, we applied two-stage bioreactor culture system. Ginseng adventitious roots were cultured for 40 days to maximize biomass increase followed by elicitation for 7 days to enhance ginsenoside accumulation. We also experimented on types and concentrations of jasmonate to determine optimal elicitation methods. In this paper, we discussed several factors affecting the root propagation and ginsenoside accumulation. Based on the results obtained from previous experiments we have established large-scale bioreactor system (1 ton-10 ton) for the efficient production of ginseng adventitious roots and bioactive compounds including ginsenoside. Still, experiments are on going in our laboratory to determine other bioactive compounds having effects on diet, high blood pressure, DPPH elimination and increasing memories.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.248-261
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• 2021

Scientific and technological performances (e.g., patents and publications) made through R&D play a pivotal role for national economic growth. National governments encourage academia-industry cooperation and thereby pursue continuous development of science technology and innovation. Increasing R&D-related investments and manpower are crucial for national industrial development, but evidence of poor performance in business performance, efficiency, and effectiveness has recently been found in Korea. This study evaluates performance efficiency of the 6T sector (Information Technology, Bio Technology, Nano Technology, Space Technology, Environment Technology, Culture Technology), which is considered a high-potential promising industry for the next generation growth and currently occupies two thirds of the national R&D projects. The study measures the relative efficiency of R&D in a comparative perspective by employing the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The result reveals overall low efficiency in basic R&D (0.2112), applied R&D (0.2083), development R&D (0.2638), and others (0.0641), confirming that economic performance and efficiency were relatively poor compared to production efficiency. Efficient R&D needs policy makers to create strategies that can increase overall efficiency by improving productivity performance and quality while increasing economic performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.84-84
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• 2002

The advantages of the OPS techniques(Vajta G et al, Mol Reprod Dev 51: 53-58,1998) give 1) high survival rates of various types of eggs, 2) quick and simple process, 3) inexpensive equipment and reduced chilling injury. The efficiency of IVM/IVF technique in the porcine species is relatively lower than that obtained in other species such as ruminants. Two experiments were designed to investigate the effects of in-vitro fertilization of porcine oocytes matures using different OPS protocol for chilling and warming of vitrification. Porcine oocytes from ovaries collected at abattoir were matured for 44 hours in TCM199 Earle's salt supplemental with pyruvate, pff, L-cysteine, hormones and gentamycin. Oocytes were denuded and fertilized with frozen boar semen by common method. Porcine embryos produced routinely by in-vitro culture system of NCSU23 medium. The vitrification and the warming were conducted by OPS method with the glass micropipette instead of straw vessels and modified the protocol of G.Vajta(1999). In Exp 1, Chilling/Warming:Holding Medium(HM)+EG+DMSO/HM +sucrose Medium(SM) at 39$^{\circ}C$ warm stage. In Exp 2, : PBS+CS+EG+Ficoll+ Trehalose/PBS+Trehalose at 25$^{\circ}C$ stage. Filling, freezing, packing, thawing out and further culturing were performed to follow the basic protocol of G Vajta. During IVM-lVC and post-warming, fertilization parameter and developmental potential were compared to and statistically analysed. It was not significantly different from Exp 1 and Exp 2 but 25$^{\circ}C$ of stage was slightly higher on the morula/blastocyst forming rate and better atmosphere for worker than that at 39$^{\circ}C$ stage.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.292-295
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• 2002

A chromate-resistant white rot fungus, Inonotus cuticularis, abundant in oak trees, was isolated for chromate removal and detoxification of chromate. Inonotus cuticularis was also investigated for an optimal waste treatment system. The screened cells were able to reduce an initial chromate concentration of as high as 1,300 ppm. Cell growth kinetics showed that the optimum culture conditions in flasks were at $33^{\circ}C$ and pH 4.2. Furthermore, the cells were able to remove $54\%$ of the initial chromate by a two-stage operation based on the combination of a fermentor and airlift reactor.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.161-169
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• 1997

This study was conducted to compare the insemination time of bovine oocytes and determine the effects of glucose(1.5 mM) on the development of bovine embryos at early cleavage stage. Oocytes were matured for 24 h, followed by exposure to sperm and cultured in modified Tyrode's media drops or with bovine oviduct epithelial cell monolayer prepared in TCM199(BOECM). Insemination time and culture system were varied in each experiment. In experiment 1, to investigate the developmental capacity of bovine embryos after different time of exposure to sperm, bovine ova and sperm were co-incubated for 18, 30 or 54 h, respectively. The development to blastocysts of 30 and 54 h insemination groups were significantly higher(P<0.05) than 18 h group, and in case of blastocysts of cleaved embryos, 30 h group were significantly higher(P<0.05) than other groups. In experiment 2, we investigated the effect of glucose on early bovine embryos. After 18 h insemination, in vitro fertilized oocytes were separated following 3 groups ; G+0, C+24 and C+48. Oocytes of G+0 group were cultured in glucose added Tyrode's medium after fertilization, oocytes in C+24 and C+48 groups were cultured in glucose free Tyrode's medium after fertilization. After 24 h culture, G+24 group was moved to glucose added medium. All oocytes of 3 groups were moved to BOECM after 48 h culture. The rates of cleavage and development to blastocysts in G+0 group were significantly lower than other groups. In experiment 3, we determined the effects of glucose exposure from 8 to 20 h after insemination on the cleavage and development of oocytes. The oocytes in glucose added group had high capacity of cleavage and further development. This study shows that in bovine oocytes, the optimal exposure to sperm is 30 h and glucose exposure to bovine one-cell embryos is detrimental to their first cleavage and further development in vitro but there has no evidence of detrimental effect of glucose(1.5 mM) exposure to bovine embryos over the two-cell stage in vitro.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.224-241
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• 2021

According to data from the National Police Agency, 75.5 percent of dead traffic accidents in Korea are truck accidents. About 1,000 people die in cargo truck accidents in Korea every year, and two to three people die in cargo truck accidents every day. In the survey, Korean cargo workers answer poor working conditions as an important cause of constant truck accidents. COVID 19 is increasing demand for non-face-to-face logistics. The inefficiency of the Korean transportation system is leading to excessive work burden for small logistics The inefficiency of the Korean transportation system is causing excessive work burden for small individual carriers. The inefficiency of the Korean transportation system is also evidenced by the number of deaths from logistics industry disasters that have risen sharply since 2020. Small and medium-sized Korean Enterprises located in CIPs (Connected Industrial Parks) often do not have smart access certification systems. And as a result, a lot of transportation time is wasted at the final destination stage. In the logistics industry, time is the cost and time is the revenue. The logistics industry is the representative industry in which time becomes money. The smart access authentication system architecture proposed in this paper allows small logistics private carriers to improve legal stability, and SMEs (Small and Medium-sized Enterprises) in CIPs to reduce logistics transit time. The CIPs smart access system proposed in this paper utilizes the currently active Mobile OTP (One Time Password), which can significantly reduce system design costs, significantly reduce the data capacity burden on individual cell phone terminals, and improve the response speed of individual cell phone terminals. It is also compatible with the OTP system, which was previously used in various ways, and the system reliability through the long period of use of the OTP system is also high. User customers can understand OTP access systems more easily than other smart access systems.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1999

Large-scale cultures of plant cell, tissue, and organ have been achieved by using BTBB. When different sized BTBBs (5 L, 20 L, 100 L, 300 L, and 500 L) were tested for the culture of yew cells (Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc.), cell growth increment reached to 94.5% in SCV after 24 days of culture with 30% of inoculation cell density. However, there were some variations in the production of taxol and its derivatives among the BTBBs of different size. Approximate 4 ㎎/l of taxol and 84 ㎎/l of total taxanes were obtained by using a 500L BTBB after 6 weeks of culture. With a 20L BTBB, about 20,000 cuttings of virus-free potatoes (cv. Dejima) could be obtained by inoculating 128 explants and maintaining 8 weeks under 16 hr light illumination. The frequency of ex vitro rooting of the cuttings revealed as more than 99% under 30% shade. By incorporating two-stage culture process consisting of multiple bulblet formation in solid medium and bulblet development in liquid medium, mass propagation of lily through bioreactor seemed to be possible. In the case of 'Marcopolo', the growth of mini-bulblets in BTBB was nearly 10 folds faster than that of the solid medium. Time course study revealed that maximum MAR yield of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) in a 5 L and 20 L BTBB after 8 weeks of culture was 500 g and 2.2 ㎏, respectively. By cutting the MAR once and/or twice during the culture, the yield of root biomass could be increased more than 50% in fresh weight at the time of harvest. With initial inoculum of 500 g of sliced MAR in a 500 L BTBB, 74.8 ㎏ of adventitious root mass was obtained after 8 weeks of culture. The average content of total ginseng saponin obtained from small-scale and/or pilotscale BTBBs was approximately 1% per gram dry weight. Based on our results, we suggest that large-scale cultures of plant cell, tissue, and organ using BTBB system should be quite a feasible approach when compared with conventional method of tissue culture.