• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.269-280
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• 2001

The objective of this paper is to provide a model for effective implementation of costing RAM management in the design and procurement of production facility considering the system cost-performance trade-off. This research proposes a two-step approach of costing RAM design and test of system RAM for production facility. In Step 1, a static model is proposed to find an initial system configuration to meet the required performance based on system RAM and LCC and analyzes the trade-off relationships between various factors of RAM and LCC. In the second Step, we developed time and failure truncated models for system reliability test and analysis. For the computational purpose, we developed computer programs and have shown the sample results. By the sample test run, the proposed model has shown the possibilities to provide a good method to analyze system performance evaluation for both design and operational phase, This model can be applied to a wide variety of systems not only for costing RAM of the production facilities but also for the other kinds of equipment.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.629-637
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• 2002

Shapiro and Wilk(1972) developed a test for exponentiality with origin and scale unknown. The procedure consists of comparing the generalized least squares estimate of scale with the estimate of scale given by the sample variance. However the test based on the statistic is inconsistent Kim(2001a) proposed a modified Shapiro-Wilk's test statistic using the ratio of two asymptotically efficient estimators of scale. In this paper, we study the consistency of the proposed test.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.193-205
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• 1999

An approximate Bayes criterion for Behrens-Fisher problem (testing equality of means of two normal populations with unequal variances) is proposed and examined. Development of the criterion involves derivation of approximate Bayes factor using the imaginary training sample approachintroduced by Spiegelhalter and Smith (1982). The proposed criterion is designed to develop a Bayesian test criterion having a closed form, so that it provides an alternative test to those based upon asymptotic sampling theory (such as Welch's t test). For the suggested Bayes criterion, numerical study gives comparisons with a couple of asymptotic classical test criteria.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.877-887
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• 2002

In this paper, behaviors and properties of p-values for goodness-of-fit test are investigated. With some findings on the p-values, we consider some applications to determine sample size of a survey research using the regression equation based on a pilot study data. Regression equations are obtained by the well-known least squared method, and we find that regression lines could be formulated with only two data points, alternatively. For further studies, this works might be extended to t distributions for testing hypotheses about population mean in order to determine sample size of a prospective study. Also similar arguments could be explored for F test statistics.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

The central purpose of the current research is to identify how 12-week bodybuilding exercise affects muscle dysmorphia. The research subjects consisted of an experimental group and a control group, each with 16 freshmen at college. MDI(muscle dysmorphic inventory), developed by Schlundt, Woodford, Brownlee(2000) was utilized to collect relevant data, which was analyzed by PASW 18.0. An independent two sample t-test was conducted to see whether there exists any significant difference between the two groups in the pre- and the post-tests. A paired t-test, in turn, was performed to identify whether there is any difference between the two tests for each group. The statistical significance level was set at p<.05. It was found that the experimental group marked a higher level of muscle dysmorphia than the control group in the pre-test. It was also found that muscle dysmorphia of the experimental group increased in the post-test, while no significant difference was manifested in the control group in the post-test.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.120-127
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• 2009

Purpose: In the literature power analysis in experimental studies is often executed and reported falsely. This descriptive study was done to promote the correct application of the Cohen(1988)'s power analysis method. Method: Articles of experimental studies from a nursing journal were selected and reviewed to examine the uses of and the reports on the power analysis process. Also, the appropriate power analysis process was discussed with an example of the most common experimental design, an independent two-group design with t test analysis plan. Result: Around half the experimental studies examined reported that they carried out power analysis. Cohen's method was the most frequently utilized but with accuracy in question. Conclusion: Power analysis to estimate sample size is the interplay between alpha, power, and effect size, and other factors in the case of t test analysis. Researchers should have a clear understanding of how to apply the Cohen's power analysis method so they do not produce poorly estimated sample sizes.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.211-224
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• 2003

Good's lambda test, a permutation test used to detect the changes of microorganism composition under two pathological conditions, has been quite popular for studying the micro-flora responsible for periodontal disease. A vast number of different micro-flora in the mouth renders the traditional chi-square test inapplicable. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the power of this test so that the sample size can be determined at the design stage. The robustness of this test and its comparison to two other intuitive tests are also presented. It is found that a permutation test based on likelihood ratio is more powerful than the lambda test in our simulated cases.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-24
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• 2005

Objective : The aim of this was to investigate the effect of warming acupuncture therapy on patients who had suffered from low back pain. Methods : The 42 person who had hospitalized in Jaseng hospital were rendomized into two groups. We treated 22 persons by warming acupuncture on every other day. The others were treated by only traditional acupuncture therapy alone. VAS(Visual Analogue Scale), ODI(Oswestry Disability Index) and the angle of SLR(Straight Leg Raising test) were measured on each week from admission for four weeks. Results : 1. Sample group showed significantly more improvement than control group at 3 weeks in ODI score. 2. Sample group showed significantly more improvement than control group at 2 weeks in VAS score. 3. The angle of SLR test was not significantly different between two groups, but there was a tendency of increasing on sample group. Conclusions : According to above results, warming acupuncture therapy was more effective on the treatment of low back pain than general oriental medical therapy without it.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1285-1288
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• 2012

Background: The Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD) (formally FTND) is widely used for measuring physical dependence on nicotine. Objective: To explore the cross cultural validity and reliability of FTCD amongst Arabic speaker cigarette consumers who chew khat leaf, a stimulant green leaf. Methods: The psychometric properties of the FTCD were assessed in a subsample (91regular cigarette smokers) of purposively selected 204 UK-resident Yemeni khat chewers recruited during random visits to khat sale outlets. Data were collected via a structured face-to-face interview. Data analyses included descriptive tests and factor analysis. Results: Two factors were obtained by a principle axis factor analysis and these were termed as urgency of restoring the level of nicotine after abstinence during sleeping and maintaining the level of nicotine during waking. The internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) of the whole FTCD is low (.68) as well as for the two subscales (.60) and (.62) respectively. Conclusion: The psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the FTCD scale in this sample of Yemeni khat chewers who smoked regularly confirmed what has been established in other cultural settings. The findings of this study have yet to be cross validated amongst other appropriately representative sample of Arabic speakers.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.17-30
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• 2023

The current research aims to reveal the impact of using some participatory e-learning strategies (participatory product - classroom web simulation) in developing cognitive achievement, electronic course design skills, and - skills list - Torrance test of innovative thinking). The tools of innovative thinking among a sample of Information Science students. To achieve the objectives of current research, the researcher designed an educational website to train students to produce electronic courses via the web, according to the two participatory e-learning strategies. The researcher used a set of tools represented in (achievement test research and experimental treatment were applied to a sample of the Faculty of Computer students at Umm Al-Qura University. The results found that both participatory product strategy and web simulation have an imact on developing learning aspects discussed in the research. As for which of the two strategies had a greater impact than the other, it turned out that the web simulation strategy had a greater impact than the participatory product strategy in developing these aspects.