• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.187-198
• /
• 1975

Although considerable research has been done on the blood chemistry of domestic animals, little work has been made of the changes associated with age. Moreover, the records about physiology of the goat were not much available in Korea, and a comprehensive survey of the blood values of the Korean native goat has not been made. The object of the present investigation was to make good this deficiency and to suggest standards for the blood chemical values of Korean native goats from birth to maturity. The goats were kept under average farming conditions in Korea. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at birth, at one and four days, at one, two, three and four weeks, and at two, three, six, nine and twelve months of age. The results obtained in this work were summarized as follows: 1. The highest concentration of serum glucose was observed at birth and it decreased gradually until three months of age, showing a steady state thereafter. 2. The concentration of total serum protein was a little higher at one day of age than at birth and showed a steady state until seven days of age; then it decreased slightly at two weeks of age and recovered at three weeks of age and showed a steady state until twelve months of age. The concentration of serum albumin was increased a little at one day of age and revealed a steady state thereafter. The concentration of serum globulin showed three phases - a fall during the first two weeks to reach minimum, a rise to the fourth week, and a fall at two months of age, showing a steady state thereafter. The lowest value of albumin fraction was observed at birth, then the value increased gradually until three months of age and revealed a stealer state thereafter. The highest value of globulin fraction was observed at birth, then the gradual decrease of the value was seen until three months of age; thereafter the value showed a steady state. 3. Albumin/globulin ratio was the minimum at birth, then it increased to reach a maximum at two weeks of age and decreased a little thereafter. 4. The concentration of total serum cholesterol showed a gradual increase during the first three months and fell to reach adult revel at six months of age. 5. Urea nitrogen in serum decreased during the first week to reach a minimum, then it increased at three months of age, and showed a fell to mature level at six mouths of age. 6. The concentration of serum creatinine was not affected by age. 7. The concentration of total serum calcium was a little higher during the first two weeks than the other period during the first year of life. 8. The concentration of serum inorganic phosphorus showed a gradual rise to reach a maximum and a gradual fall to reach adult level at nine months of age. 9. No significant sex differences of serum chemical values were recognized.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.373-389
• /
• 1997

Morphological difference of the renal glomerulus at different age groups have been studies in one week-old, five weeks-old, eight weeks-old, six months-old, twelve months-old, eighteen months-old, twenty-four months-old, and thirty months-old ICR mice. Pieces of the tissue taken from the renal corticies were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde solution (0.1 Millonig's phosphate buffer pH 7.3), and 1% osmium tetroxide solution (0.1 M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), and were embedded in araldite mixture. The ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate solution, and were observed under a JEM 100CX-II electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1 In the one week-old mouse, thicknesses of the three layers of the glomeluar basal lamina (lamina densa, lamina rara interna and lamina rara externa) are similar, but in the five weeks-old mouse, thick lamina densa becomes a greater portion of the thickness of whole glomerular basal lamina. 2. No difference was noticed between thickness of the renal glomerular basal lamina of the five weeks-old mouse compare with that of the one week-old one, but basal lamina of the eight weeks-old one is thickened considerably and thicknesses were maintained through twelve months-old one. After eighteen months, the thickness of the glomerular basal lamina is increased remarkably. 3. After eighteen months, electron dense deposits within the basal lamina of the renal glomeruli are observed frequently. 4. Amount of the microfilaments in the mesangial cells and the mesangial matrices are increasing during aging. 5. The thicknesses of the basal laminae of the Bowman's capsule are increasing during aging. 6. After twenty four months, the proximal tubular cell-like parietal cells with well developed microvilli are observed frequently. From the above results, it was suggested that the renal glomerulus matures structurally in five weeks, and the function of the glomerulus is suppressed after eighteen months.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.86-91
• /
• 1985

A clinical analysis was performed on 11 cases of metastatic lung cancer experienced at Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital during the 15 year period from 1970 to 1984. Of the 1lpatients of metastatic lung cancer, 4 patients were male and 7 patients were female and the age ranged from 27 years to 60 years old with the average of 38.8 years old. The sites of primary tumor were uterus and ovary in 5 patients, breast in 2, sarcoma in 2, rectum in 1 and testis in l.\ulcorner Tumor free intervals in each patients were as followed; unrecognition of primary site in 2 patients, simultaneous discovery of primary tumor and metastasis in 3, 14 months in 1, 4 years in 4 and 5 years in Twelve thoracotomies were performed in 11 patients and performed procedures were as followed; pneumonectomy in 1 patient, lobectomy in 7, wedge resection in 2, decortication and wedge resection in 1 and biopsy only in 1. Of the 11 patients, 4 patients died within one year after operation, 2 patients died within 2 years and 2 patients are alive over 5 years after operations. Other 3 patients are alive 2 months, 4 months and 9 months after operation at present.

• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.65-74
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to develop the stochastic stream water quality model for the intake station of Chung-Ju city waterworks in the Han river system. This model was based on the theory of Box-Jenkins Multiplicative ARIMA(SARIMA) and the state space model to simulate changes of water qualities. Variable of water qualities included in the model are temperature and dissolved oxygen(DO). The models development were based on the data obtained from Jan. 1990 to Dec. 1997 and followed the typical procedures of the Box-Jenkins method including identification and estimation. The seasonality of DO and temperature data to formulate for the SARIMA model are conspicuous and the period of revolution was twelve months. Both models had seasonality of twelve months and were formulates as SARIMA {TEX}$(2,1,1)(1,1,1)_{12}${/TEX} for DO and temperature. The models were validated by testing normality and independency of the residuals. The prediction ability of SARIMA model and state space model were tested using the data collected from Jan. 1998 to Oct. 1999. There were good agreements between the model predictions and the field measurements. The performance of the SARIMA model and state space model were examined through comparisons between the historical and generated monthly dissolved oxygen series. The result reveal that the state space model lead to the improved accuracy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.1483-1486
• /
• 2012

Objective: To determine the characteristics of oligoclonal bands that are frequently detected by serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) after stem cell transplantation. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 56 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) undergoing transplantation, and standard immunofixation electrophoresis was used to identify and quantify paraproteins. Results: The median follow-up was 35 months (range, 10-76months) and 21 patients relapsed. Twelve (25.0%) demonstrated oligoclonal bands after a median time 1.4 months (range, 1-3months), with a median duration of 5.8 months (range, 1-15months). The majority patients with oligoclonal bands had normal quantities of immunoglobulins and the one year event free survival (EFS) was 92%, even higher than for patients without OBs (P=0.002). Conclusion: Oligoclonal bands frequent develop post-transplantation in MM cases. In the vast majority of patients, they may not represent relapsed disease, and more likely represent a transient phenomenon representing recovery of impaired immunoglobulin production.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.259-264
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this case report is to present the longitudinal results of sinus grafting using a new demineralized bovine bone material (DBBM) in human cases. Methods: A patient with a resorbed maxilla was treated by maxillary sinus grafting using a new deproteinized bovine bone material. After a healing period of 6.5 months, three implants were placed and restored. The patient was periodically recalled and followed up for 5 years after restoration. Results: Twelve partially edentulous patients (average age, 55.7 years) were followed up. All patients had insufficient residual height in their maxillary posterior area and underwent maxillary sinus graft surgery to increase the height of their maxilla. In all, 27 fixtures were placed in the augmented bone area. On average, 8.6 months later, implants were loaded using provisional or final restorations. The observation period ranged from 27 to 75 months (average, 43.3 months), and the patients did not show any severe resorption of the graft material or any infection during this time. Conclusions: Our results show that the new DBBM is useful for a maxillary sinus graft procedure. Good healing responses as well as reliable results were obtained for an average follow-up period of 43.3 months.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.52-58
• /
• 2003

Fifteen dogs with clinical signs of paraparesis, paraplegia and urinary dysfunction were referred to Veterinary Medical leaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University. According to physical and neurologic examination, survey radiograph and myelography, these patients were diagnosed as thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease. All of them were treated with medical (prednisolone or carprofen, antibiotics), acupuncture (Ji Zhong, Bai Hui, Zhong Shu, Pang Guang Shu, Zu San Li, Huan Tiao) and physical therapy (hydrotherapy, thermotherapy, massage, manipulation, swimming). Of twelve patients were recovered of neurologic deficits within 21 days after the onset of treatment. However, three dogs were not resolved, which were found to have other spinal cord disease concomitantly. All of patients showed normal urination after treatment. Until 21 months after treatment, there were no recurrence in twelve patients. This study indicated that the conservative therapy could be effectively managed in paraparesis or paraplegia and urinary dysfunction which caused by intervertebral disc disease.

• 한국의사학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.43-62
• /
• 2002

About the YinYang, Wang Bing used the twelve shoshickgue to explain the rise and decline of the twelve months in "Essential Questions GinYoGyungJongRon" and "Essential Questions Mekhae". And he used the principal of "when an object goes to extremes it reverses" to explain "shao fire", "invigorating fire" which shows an example of a good application of the theory of yinyang in "the Book of Changes" to "The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon". Explanation of the five phases usually follows the explanation of the "Sangsu Hongbum" but when arranging the five live stocks to the five phases, he refered to the "SulGueJun" and made annotations.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.123-127
• /
• 2009

Weight loss and nutrient dynamics of Quercus mongolica leaf litter during decomposition were investigated from December 2005 through August 2008 in Mt. Worak National Park as a part of National Long-Term Ecological Research Program in Korea. The decay constant (k) of Q. mongolica litter was 0.26. After 33 months decomposition, remaining weight of Q. mongolica litter was 49.3$\pm$4.4%. Initial C/N and C/P ratios of Q. mongolica litter were 43.3 and 2,032, respectively. C/N ratio in decomposing litter decreased rapidly from the beginning to nine months decomposition, and then showed more or less constant. C/P ratio increased to 2,407 after three months decomposition, and then decreased steadily thereafter. N and P concentration increased significantly during decomposition. N immobilization occurred from the beginning through 18 months decomposition, and mineralization occurred afterwards in decomposing litter. P immobilized significantly from fifteen months during decomposition. K concentration decreased rapidly from the beginning to six months decomposition. However it showed an increasing pattern during later stage of decomposition. Remaining K decreased rapidly during early stage of decomposition. There was no net K immobilization. Ca concentration increased from the beginning to twelve months decomposition, and then decreased rapidly till twenty one months elapsed. However, it increased again thereafter. Ca mineralization occurred from fifteen months. Mg concentration increased during decomposition. There was no Mg immobilization during litter decomposition. After 33 months decomposition, remaining N, P, K, Ca and Mg in Q. mongolica litter were 79.2, 110.9, 36.2, 52.7 and 74.4%, respectively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권15호
• /
• pp.6381-6384
• /
• 2015

Background: The purpose of this retrospectively study was to examine the effectiveness and tolerability of a radiotherapy technique for the palliation of symptomatic liver metastases. Materials and Methods: Twentyseven patients with liver metastases were enrolled and received targeted whole liver irradiation consisting of mean 1, 8 Gy in five to twelve fractions to a total mean dose 17Gy. Symptoms at baseline were hepatic pain (26 patients), lost of weight (6), lack of appetite (2), and night sweats (1). Seventeen patients (63%) had failed previous treatment with chemotherapy and/or high-dose steroids. Results: Individual symptom response rates were 100% at 4 weeks. Partial or complete global symptomatic responses were noted in 11 patients (40%) after 2 months. After 3 months, 8 patients (28%) reported loss of pain. The treatment was well tolerated with one patient (3%) experiencing grade 3 toxicity (one vomiting and one diarrhoea). Overall the median survival time was 4.9 months (range 1 - 14 months). One year survival was 39%. Conclusions: This is simple and well-tolerated treatment but to achieve good palliation effects we should carefully selected patients whose conventional treatment does not bring good analgesic control.