• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 1994

The water extract of pilose antler of Cervus nippon var. mantchuricus (WEC) was investigated in respect of its effect on ceruloplasmin and $\alpha$$_1$-cysteine protease inhibitor (CPI), which are acute-phase proteins showing increased synthesis following inflammatory stimulus in rat. Ceruloplasmin and CPI were spectrophotometrically determined by the oxidase activity and the inhibitory activity on papain, respectively, and their changes in the concentrations in plasma or serum were examined after oral administration of 0.04% WEC to rats during 7 days following inflammation by subcutaneous injection of turpentine oil or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). WEC suppressed the maximum increases in ceruloplasmin and CPI on the 4th day after injection of turpentine oil, but the suppression in ceruloplasmin was more potent than that in CPI. On inflammation by LPS the suppression of the maximum increase in ceruloplasmin by WEC was found on the 2nd day, but the result was less significant from that obtained by the treatment with turpentine oil. Administration of WEC for at least 4 days was required to suppress the maximum increase in ceruloplasmin due to inflammation by turpentine oil. When WEC was administered to rats after injection of turpentine oil, a high dosage (0.36% of WEC) was requisite for the suppression on the maximum increase in ceruloplasmin.

• Carbon letters
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2008

A carbon nanotube (CNT) of diameter ~20 nm has been synthesized by spray pyrolysis of turpentine oil using Ni/Fe catalyst. Pellet of CNTs has been used as a target to produce semiconducting carbon thin film of band gap 1.4 eV. Presence of oxygen pressure in the pulse laser deposition (PLD) chamber helped to control the $sp^3/sp^2$ ratio to achieve the desired band gap. Results are discussed with the help of Raman spectra, SEM TEM micrographs and optical measurements suggest that semiconducting carbon thin film deposited by PLD technique has retained its nanotubes structure except that its diameter has increased from 20 nm to 150 nm.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2013

The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), damages various cultivated crops and it can also be a serious pest of turfgrass, especially on golf courses. Essential oils have potential as alternative control agents for insect pests. Sixteen essential oils (anise, camphor, cinnamon, citronella, clove, fennel, geranium, lavender, lemongrass, linseed, neem, peppermint, pine, thyme, turpentine and tea saponin) and paraffin oil were assessed in the laboratory, the green house and field trials for their efficacy against black cutworms in turf. Treatment of potted cores of perennial ryegrass turf with anise, cinnamon, neem, paraffin or turpentine reduced black cutworm damage in a greenhouse trial, and in a similar trial, applying neem oil at 4000, 2000 and 1000 ppm resulted in 100, 100 and 64% mortality, respectively, of black cutworms. Weight of survivors at the 1000 ppm rate was 5- fold less than weight of comparably-aged controls. Neem oil (2000 ppm) reduced growth of black cutworms feeding on treated clippings. A high rate of neem oil followed by irrigation (0.1 L of 20000 ppm neem oil with 0.9 L watering/$m^2$) was more effective than a lower concentration (1 L of 2000 ppm neem oil/$m^2$) against $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ instars in potted turf cores and field plots, respectively. However, not even the aforementioned higher rate effectively controlled $4^{th}$ instars in the field.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 1997

Adult male rats were exposed to a whole body with a single dose of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0 Gy. The animals were sacrificed 48, 72, 96 and 216 hours following exposure. A competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) with antigen immobilized on the solid phase has been developed to measure ceruloplasmin in rat serum and complete dose response curves. Ceruloplasmin was purified from the plasma of turpentine treated male rats. Coating of ceruloplasmin had more effectiveness in 10 mM Tris-HCI, 150 mM sodium chloride, pH 7.4 than in 50 mM carbonate/bicarbonate buffer, pH 9.6. The coating range for ceruloplasmin was $70{\sim}140ng$/well. Levels of ceruloplasmin increased to maximum on the $72{\sim}96$ hours after irradiation. Slope of between response and dose was greatest value 96 hours following irradiation. Normal ceruloplasmin levels were not recorded 216 hours following exposure. In 0.1 Gy irradiated group, levels of ceruloplasmin also increased to maximum on the $72{\sim}96$ hours following irradiation. The concentration of this protein remained significantly different from control value, 196 hours after exposure. Ceruloplasmin was identified as one of the major acute phase protein following irradiation and further studies about gene expression and regulation would be necessary for radiation protection.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.549-554
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• 1998

Tissue factor (TF), a principal initiator of the veertebrate coagulation cascade, is expressed in organ tissues, cells and blood. TF is konwn to be induced in endothelial cells, monocytes and macrophages by inflammatory stimuli and in many pathologic conditions. By using the modified method for in vido TF activity assay, we found that turpentine oil injection as an inflamatory stimulus also induced the TF activity in lung and brain tissues of rats. And the age-related increase in Tf activity was observed in healthy rat brain tissue.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-7
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• 1976

This is to reveal the chemical properties of resin of Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zvcc, and to give the basic data to resin chemistry and resin processing field. Its results are given; 1) Acid value was shown as 134.12 2) Saponification value was shown as 172.72 3) Iodine value was shown as 109.93 and therefore, it is considered as semi-boiled oil. 4) Ester value was shown as 41.60 5) Moisture content was shown as 11.28% 6) The impurities of resin was shown as 0.09% 7) The amount of turpentine oil was shown as 23.29% 8) Rosin content was shown as 76.74% 9) The amount of resin acid was shown as 72.33% 10) Unsaponification matter was shown as 4.41% 11) The refractive index of resin was shown as 1.5045 at $N^{20}_D$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.238-238
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• 1994

녹용의 알려진 약리작용 중에서 녹용의 상용량 투여에 의해 나타나는 것은 강장작용과 창상치유작용이므로 이러한 작용이 진정한 녹용의 효능으로 간주될 수 있으나 이러한 작용을 생물활성 검색법으로 활용하여 녹용의 유효성분을 검색하기에는 재현성과 간편성이라는 면에서 어려운 점이 없지 않다. 녹용의 효능이 생체의 질소평형이 음의 방향으로 진행되었을 때 이를 정상 수준으로 복귀시키는 생물활성에 기인할 것이라는 가정하에서, 실험적으로 생체내 질소편형을 음의 방향으로 전환시킬 수 있는 급성기 반응 (acute-phase responce)을 야기시킨 다음 녹용의 효과를 연구하였다. 흰쥐의 급성기 반응물질 (acute-phase reactants, APR) 중에 서 positive ARP인 ceruloplasmin, $\alpha$-cysteine pretense inhibitor(= T-kininogen)는 비색정량법으로 간편하게 측정될수 있음에 착안하여 이 단백질을 지표로 삼아 turpentine oil로 급성 염증을 유발시킨 전후에 녹용 물추출액의 효과를 측정하였다. 그 결과 녹용의 상용량에서 괴소 4일 이상 경구투여한 흰쥐에서 급성 염증유발 후 4일에서 ceruloplasmin 의 혈중농도가 현저히 감소함을 알수 있었다. 급성 염증 유발후 녹용의 경구투여한 실험에서는 적어도 녹용 상용량의 3배 이상을 투여하여야 만 ceruloplasmin 혈중 농도를 감소시킬 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 수립된 생물활성을 이용하여 녹용의 유효 성분을 단리할 계획이다.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.83-86
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• 1988

Morphometric observation on the ovarian follicles of ICR strain-female mice has been conducted to investigate the effect of induced inflammation on the follicular populations. Inflammation was induced by administering 25${\mu}\ell$ of turpentine oil intraperitoneally 2 times at the interval of 3 days. Mice showing 5-day estrous cycle about 20 days after induction of inflammation are placed in experimental group. Normal follicles of 100～399$\mu\textrm{m}$ in diameter increased at estrus but those of over 400$\mu\textrm{m}$ decreased. super-ovulation increased the number of normal follicles of over 400$\mu\textrm{m}$. The number of normal follicles of over 400$\mu\textrm{m}$ 48 hours after superovulation was not significantly different between experimental and control groups. Present results indicated that the number of preovulatory follicles 48 hours after PMSG injection did not decrease in the mice which showed regular estrous cycle even after the induction of inflammation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.94-100
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• 2003

Gel-like compounds containing flammable solvents were prepared to use fur cleaning agents in field of innovative industries and general purposes. And experiments were conducted to improve the defects of liquified flammable solvents from the view point of safety and health hazards. Flammable solvents used in this study were several single component flammable solvents(turpentine oil, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP), d-limonene) and multi component flammable solvent(gasoline and ethanol). For gelation of flammable solvents, commercially Known as Aerosil(equation omitted) 200 fumed silica and triethanolamine(TEA) were used as gelation agent dispersant. The analyses on properties of gel-like compounds was studied by gelation and viscosity test pH test, volatility test and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) measurement. The experimental results indicate that gel-like compounds containing flammable solvents have pH stability, high viscosity, volatile organic compounds(VOC) control by the decrease of volatility and odor component generation, fluidity control etc. From the experimental values, it can be predicted that the safety in the working place is improved by manufacturing flammable solvents into gel-like compounds.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2015

White grub damages various crops, trees and they can also be one of the most serious pests of turf grass in golf courses. This study was conducted to determine the biocontrol of white grubs with 18 different kinds (anise, camphor, castor, cinnamon, clove oil, citronella, fennel, geranium, lavender, lemongrass, linseed, neem, peppermint, pine, rosemary, tea-tree, thyme, and turpentine) of plant essential oils in laboratory, green house and field. Anise oil (88.9%), linseed oil (100%), and tea-tree oil (88.9%) were highly effective among tested essential oils against 3rd instar of Bifurcanmala aulax in cap vial experiment. However, anise and linseed oils showed low mortality against $3^{rd}$ instar of Popillia japonica in pot greenhouse experiment. Efficacy of anise, linseed oil, and tea-tree was also different depending on target white grub in field trials. Correlated mortality showed 32.6% only in tea-tree oil treatment against pupae of Adoretus tenuimaculatus however, correlated mortality of anise, linseed and tea-tree oil were 54.8, 51.6 and 56.5% respectively against $3^{rd}$ instar of Exomala orientalis in the field trial in Adelscott Country Club in Hapcheon, Gyeongnam province.