• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.75-84
• /
• 2023

The accumulation of spent carbide (YG8), not only pollutes the environment but also causes waste of tungsten, cobalt and other rare metal resources. To better address this issue, we proposed a combined electrochemical separation process of low-temperature aqueous solution and high-temperature molten salt for tungsten and cobalt. H₂WO₄ was obtained from spent carbide in an aqueous solution, and we calcined it to obtain WO₃, which was used as a raw material to obtain tungsten by using molten salt electrodeposition. The influence of the current efficiency and the electrochemical behavior of the discharge precipitation of W(VI) were also studied. The calcination results showed that the morphology of WO₃ was regular and there were no other impurities. The maximum current efficiency of 82.91% was achieved in a series of electrodeposition experiments. According to XRD and SEM analysis, the recovered product was high purity tungsten, which belongs to the simple cubic crystal system. In the W(VI) reduction mechanism experiments, the electrochemical process of W(VI) in NaCl-Na₂WO₄-WO₃ molten salt was investigated using linear scanning voltammetry (LSV) and chronoamperometry in a three-electrode system. The LSV showed that W(VI) was reduced at the cathode in two steps and the electrode reaction was controlled by diffusion. The fitting results of chronoamperometry showed that the nucleation mechanism of W(VI) was an instantaneous nucleation mode, and the diffusion coefficient was 7.379×10^-10 cm²·s^-1.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.587-590
• /
• 1998

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.408-413
• /
• 1975

Oxygen doner인 무수유기산을 가진 dichloro-dioxo tungsen(VI) 착물의 합성방법을 연구하였다. RCOCl과$NaWO_4$를 반응시켜서 일반식 $WO_2Cl_2(RCO)_2O$로 표시할 수 있는 황색분말인 단핵착물을 합성하고 그 성질을 고찰하였다. 이 새로운 착물의 구조를 스펙트럼과 화학적인 방법에 의하여 측정하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제53권5호
• /
• pp.1642-1651
• /
• 2021

In this study, isophtalic neopentyl glycol polyester (NPG-PES) based composites with different loading ratios of pure tungsten metal (W), tungsten (VI) oxide (WO₃), tungsten boron (WB) and tungsten carbide (WC) composites were prepared as alternative shielding materials for ionizing electromagnetic radiation (IEMR) shielding. Structural characterizations of the composites were done. Gamma spectrometric analysis of composites for 80-2000 keV energy range was performed and their usability as IEMR shielding was discussed. As a result, the produced composites showed a shielding performance of 60-100% of the lead (the most widely used IEMR shielding material) depending on the reinforcement material, reinforcement loading rate and experimental conditions. Thus, it was reported that produced composites could be an alternative to lead shieldings that have several disadvantages as toxic properties, difficulty of processing and inelasticity.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.186-188
• /
• 1963

An attempt to improve the method of volumetric determination of tungsten developed by Luke has been made successfully. Using amalgam coated lead instead of pure metallic lead in the reduction procedure. W(VI)-W(III) reduction has been found to be quantitative in rather concentrated hydrochloric acid. Since there was no excessive dissolution of lead via reduction of hydrogen ion, lead surface was totally accessible for the reduction of tungsten and no trouble was caused by dereposition of $PbCl_2$ crystals at the nozzle of Jones reductor. Furthermore, it has been confirmed that almost 100 mg. of $WO_3$ can be handled easily if the chloride concentration of the HCl is increased by adding solid $NH_4Cl$.

• 자원리싸이클링
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 2019

묽은 염산용액의 pH를 2에서 9까지 변화시켜 아민계(Alamine 308과 TEHA)와 중성추출제(TOP)로 몰리브덴(VI)과 텅스텐(VI)의 용매추출거동을 조사하였다. 텅스텐(VI)이 몰리브덴(VI)보다 상기 세 추출제에 선택적으로 추출되었으며, TEHA로 추출시 가장 높은 분리인자를 얻었다. 수소화처리하지 않은 3차 아민에 의한 두 금속의 추출율은 용액의 pH에 따라 지속적으로 감소하여 pH 9에서는 전혀 추출되지 않았다. 본 논문의 실험조건에서 용매추출거동을 금속의 농도분포곡선을 이용하여 설명하였다. Alamine 308과 TEHA는 TOP에 비해 두 금속의 추출과 분리에 효과적이다.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.28-36
• /
• 1996

본 연구의 오핵 착물은 몰리브덴(VI)과 텅스텐(VI)의 다핵 착물, 몰리브덴(O)과 텅스텐(O)의 디니트로실 단핵 착물 및 티오메틸아미드옥심의 반응에서 얻었다. 합성한 착물$(n-Bu_4N)_2[Mo_4O_{12}Mo(NO)_{2}{CH_3SCH_2C(NH_2)NHO}_2{CH_3SCH_2C(NH)NO}_2]$ (1), $(n-Bu_4N)_2[W_4O_{12}Mo(NO)_2{CH_3SCH_2C(NH_2)NHO}_2{CH_3SCH_2C(NH)NO}_2]$ (2) $(n-Bu_4N)_2[Mo_4O_{12}Mo(NO)_2{CH_3SCH_2C(NH_2)NHO}_2{CH_3SCH_2C(NH)NO}_2]$ (3)은 원소 분석, 적외선, 전자 흡수 및 $^1/H\;NMR$ 스펙트라에 의해 특성을 조사하였다. 착물의 분광학적인 연구는 시스-${M(NO)_2}^{2+}$(M=Mo, W) 단위체 및 착물의 적은 비편재화 존재를 알 수 있다. 합성한 착물$(n-Bu_4N)_2\;[W_4O_{12}Mo(NO)_2{CH_3SCH_2C(NH_2)NHO}_2{CH_3SCH_2C(NH)NO}_2]$ (2)은 X-선 단결정 회절에서 결정구조를 밝혔고, 얻은 데이타는 Monoclinic, $P2_1/a,\;a\;=\;22.14(2){\angs},\;b\;=\;14093(1){\angs},\;{\beta}\;=\;111.08(6){\deg},\;V\;=\;7155(9){\angs}^3,$ Z = 4이었다. 구조 결정에 이용한 회절강도 6191개($I>3{\sigma}(I)$)에 대한 최종 신뢰도 인자는 0.072 이었다. 물질의 골격구조는 텅스텐의 산화상태 6가로 구성된 두 개의 이핵체 $[W_2O_5{CH_3SCH_2C(NH_2)NHO}\;{CH_3SCH_2C(NH)NO}]$와 몰리브덴의 산화상태 0가인 ${Mo(NO)_2}6{2+}$로 형성되어 있다. ${M(NO)_2}^{2+}$(M = Mo, W) 단위체는 형식상 시스 형태이며 기하학적으로 $C_{2v}$ 대칭을 가진다.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제39권11호
• /
• pp.856-862
• /
• 1995

본 연구의 텅스텐 옥소-니트로실 착물 $(n-Bu_4N)_2[W_5O_{12}(NO)_2{RC(NH_2)NHO}_2{RC(NH)NO}_2]{R\;=\;(CH_3)CH, CH_3CH_2CH_2,CH_3SCH_2}$은 텅스텐(VI) 다핵 착물 $(n-Bu_4N)_2[W_6O_{19}]$, 텅스텐 디니트로실 단핵 착물 $[W(NO)_2(acac)(CH_3CN)_2](BF_4)$ 및 부틸 아미드옥심 유도체의 반응에서 얻었다. 합성한 착물은 원소분석, 적외선, 전자 흡수 및 핵자기 공명 스펙트럼에 의해 특성을 조사하였다. 전자를 끌어당기는 ${W(NO)_2}^{2+}$ 단위체는 두 개의 이핵체 ${W_2O_5}^{2+}$ 사이의 중심에 삽입되어 오핵종을 이룬다. $(n-Bu_4N)_2[W_5O_{12}(NO)_2{(CH_3)_2CHC(NH_2)NHO}_2/{(CH_3)_2/CHC(NH)NO}_2]$의 $^1{H} NMR$ 스펙트럼에서 네 개의 이중선이 나타남으로 양성자간의 상호작용이 큰 것을 추정할수있다. $^{13}C$ NMR 스펙트럼은 배위된 네 개의 배위자중 두개의 배위자가 나타남으로 두 배위자의 서로 다른 배위모형과 대칭성에 대한 정보를 준다. ${W(NO_2)}^{2+}$ 단위체는 형식상 시스형이며 기하학적으로 $C_{2v}$ 대칭을 가진다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2013

Neutron spectrum analyses of spallation neutrons are conducted in the accelerator-driven system (ADS) facility at the Kyoto University Critical Assembly (KUCA). High-energy protons (100 MeV) obtained from the fixed field alternating gradient accelerator are injected onto a tungsten target, whereby the spallation neutrons are generated. For neutronic characteristics of spallation neutrons, the reaction rates and the continuous energy distribution of spallation neutrons are measured by the foil activation method and by an organic liquid scintillator, respectively. Numerical calculations are executed by MCNPX with JENDL/HE-2007 and ENDF/B-VI libraries to evaluate the reaction rates of activation foils (bismuth and indium) set at the target and the continuous energy distribution of spallation neutrons set in front of the target. For the reaction rates by the foil activation method, the C/E values between the experiments and the calculations are found around a relative difference of 10%, except for some reactions. For continuous energy distribution by the organic liquid scintillator, the spallation neutrons are observed up to 45 MeV. From these results, the neutron spectrum information on the spallation neutrons generated at the target are attained successfully in injecting 100 MeV protons onto the tungsten target.

• 대한치과의사협회지
• /
• 제53권9호
• /
• pp.644-655
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the fixture abutment connection type and diameter on the screw joint stability in external butt joint for 2nd surgery and internal cone connected type implant system for 1st and 2nd surgery using ultimate fracture strength. Materials and Methods: USII system, SSII system and GSII system of Osstem Implant were used. Each system used the fixture with two different diameters and cement-retained abutments, and tungsten carbide / carbon coated abutment screws were used. Disc shaped stainless steel metal tube was attached using resin-based temporary cement. The experimental group was divided into seven subgroups, including the platform switching shaped specimen that uses a regular abutment in the fixture with a wide diameter in USII system. A static load was increased to the metal tube at 5mm deviated point from the implant central axis until it reached the compression bending strength at a rate of 1mm/min. Then the deformations and patterns of fracture in threaded connection were compared. Results and Conclusion: 1. In the comparison between the Regular diameter, compression bending strength of SSII system was higher than USII system and GSII system. There was no significant difference between USII system and GSII system. 2. In the comparison between wide diameter, compression bending strength was increased in the order of GSII system, USII system, and SSII system. 3. In comparison between the implant diameter, compression bending strength of the wide diameter was greater than the regular diameter in any system(P<0.05). 4. There was no significant difference between the platform switching (III group) and the regular diameter (I group) in USII system. 5. In USII system, fracture of abutment screw and deformation of both fixture and abutment were observed in I, II and III subgroups. 6. Failure pattern of SSII system, which was the fracture of abutment screw and deformation of the abutment and fixture, was observed in both IV and V subgroups. Fracture of some fixtures was observed in subgroup V. 7. Failure pattern of GSII system, which was the fracture of the abutment screw and deformation of the fixture and the abutment, was observed in both VI and VII subgroups. Apart from other subgroups, subgroup VII demonstrated no bending neither the fracture at the top of the fixture. The compressive deformation of internal slope in the fixture was the only thing observed in subgroup VII.