• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.345-354
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• 2017

The leaves of two woody plant species, Pinus densiflora and Aronia melanocarpa, were collected in Korea, and endophytic fungi were isolated from these surface-sterilized leaves. The fungal isolates were identified based on their morphological characteristics and the results of the phylogenetic analysis involving nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), including 5.8S rDNA, D1/D2 regions of 28S rDNA, and ${\beta}-tubulin$ genes. Pestalotia lawsoniae and Zasmidium fructicola were isolated from Pinus densiflora, and three species, Pestalotiopsis chamaeropis, Pestalotiopsis jesteri, and Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum were isolated from Aronia melanocarpa. To the best of our knowledge, these species have not been previously reported in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.173-180
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the neurogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP). Materials and Methods: After induction of neurogenic differentiation using commercial differentiation medium, expression levels of neural markers, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), class III ${\beta}$-tubulin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were identified using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, and immunocytochemistry. Results: The induced cells showed neuron-like morphologies, similar to axons, dendrites, and perikaryons, which are composed of neurons in DPSCs, PDLSCs, and SCAP. The mRNA levels of neuronal markers tended to increase in differentiated cells. The expression of MAP2 and ${\beta}$-tubulin III also increased at the protein level in differentiation groups, even though GFAP was not detected via immunocytochemistry. Conclusion: Human dental stem cells including DPSCs, PDLSCs, and SCAP may have neurogenic differentiation capability in vitro. The presented data support the use of human dental stem cells as a possible alternative source of stem cells for therapeutic utility in the treatment of neurological diseases.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2016

The twig blight symptoms were observed in Chinese magnolia vine (Schisandra chinensis) at Mungyeong city, Gyeongbuk province, Korea in June 2015. The typical symptoms of infected plant were shriveled and wilted in leaves which led to blight resulted in death. Based on the morphological characteristics, the isolate was suspected as Botryosphaeria sp. Inoculation of isolated pathogen was performed to identify its pathogenicity according to Koch's postulates. Re-isolated fungi from the inoculated stem was showed same morphological characteristics with original pathogen. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using combined sequence of rDNA internal transcribed spacer region, EF1-${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$-tubulin gene. The isolated pathogen was identified to the B. dothidea by phylogenetic analysis. This is the first report of twig blight on S. chinensis caused by B. dothidea in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2020

In July 2019, typical rot symptom was observed on peach fruits harvested from the fields at Andong, Korea. As the disease progressed, white and purple colored mycelial mat developed on the surface of the infected fruits. A causal pathogen was isolated from the infected fruit and cultured on potato dextrose agar media for identification. Fungal colonies on potato dextrose agar produced 3 pigments, including purple, yellow, and white colors. The isolate incited fruit rot symptoms on artificially inoculated peach fruits, from which the same fungus was isolated, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Based on the morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of rDNA internal transcribed spacer, translation elongation factor 1-alpha, and β-tubulin, the causal agent of the disease was identified as Fusarium avenaceum. This study is the first report of fruit rot of peach fruits caused by Fusarium avenaceum in Korea.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.126-131
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• 2017

P48 Ebp1 is expressed in rapidly proliferating cells such as cancer cells and accelerates cell growth and survival. However, its expression pattern and role in central nervous system development have not been studied. Here, we demonstrated the spatiotemporal expression pattern of p48 Ebp1 during embryonic development and the postnatal period. During embryonic development, p48 Ebp1 was highly expressed in the brain. Expression gradually decreased after birth but was still more abundant than p42 expression after birth. Strikingly, we found that p48 Ebp1 was expressed in a cell type specific manner in neurons but not astrocytes. Moreover, p48 Ebp1 physically interacted with beta tubulin but not alpha tubulin. This fits with its accumulation in distal microtubule growth cone regions. Furthermore, in injured hippocampal slices, p48 Ebp1 introduction promoted axon regeneration. Thus, we speculate that p48 Ebp1 might contribute to microtubule dynamics acting as an MAP and promotes CNS axon regeneration.

• ALGAE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2016

Biological response of cells to variable conditions should affect the expression level of certain genes. Quantification of these changes in target genes needs stable internal controls. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has traditionally used reference or ‘housekeeping’ genes, that are considered to maintain equal expression in different conditions, to evaluate changes in target genes between samples and experimental conditions. Recent studies showed that some housekeeping genes may vary considerably in certain biological samples. This has not been evaluated in red algae. In order to identify the optimal internal controls for real-time PCR, we studied the expression of eleven commonly used housekeeping genes; elongation factor 1-alpha, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, β-actin, polyubiquitin, 30S ribosomal gene, 60S ribosomal gene, beta-tubulin, alpha-tubulin, translation initiation factor, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, and isocitrate dehydrogenase in different life-history stages of Bostrychia moritziana. Our results suggest that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and 30S ribosomal gene, have the most stable gene expression levels between the different life history stages (male, female, carposporophyte, and tetrasporophyte), while the other genes are not satisfactory as internal controls. These results suggest that the combinations of GAPDH and 30S would be useful as internal controls to assess expression level changes in genes that may control different physiological processes in this organism or that may change in different life history stages. These results may also be useful in other red algal systems.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.132-135
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• 2013

Black Aspergillus is important fungus for oriental fermentation industry. Black Aspergillus was frequently isolated from Korean traditional Meju, a fermented soybean starting material for soy sauce and soybean paste. Thirty three strains were isolated from 98 finished Meju collected in various regions of Korea from 2008 to 2011, and 21 strains were isolated from in-process Meju at various farms from 2010 to 2011. The isolated black Aspergillus were identified using DNA sequences of partial ${\beta}$-tubulin and calmodulin genes. Of 54 black Aspergillus strains, 14 strains were identified as A. luchuensis and the others were composed of A. niger (n = 21), A. tubingensis (n = 10), and A. welwitschiae (n = 9).

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.277-286
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• 2001

Improvement and possible commercialization of a home-made electroporation apparatus(home-made) were further tried to establish a simple and effective introduction of foreign gene into sperm followed by in vitro fertilization. Expressions of introduced pJJ9 and pNT plasmids were shown in all fertilized eggs with electroporated spermatozoa. In particular, with this gene transfer system all the fry showed a consistently transient expression in the syncytium of the yolk sac. This fact is important since some required, minute quantity of human proteins can be produced from the established transient expression on the yolk sac of all fry derived from in vitro fertilization with electroporated spermatozoa. To explore tissue-specific expression in fish, which we will use a similar system later, we targeted the nerve tissue to see whether tissue-specific promoter is working in fish properly. pNT plasmid containing a nerve cell-specific tubulin promoter gene demonstrated consistently exact targeted expressions among the developing nerve cells in later stages of embryos and hatched fry. Finally, liver-specific genes are now being cloned by using already selected primers for useful human protein gene fusion.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 1995

The goal of the present study is to investigate the precise variation of tubulin substances in the cytoplasm of oviductal ciliated cells and the morphological changes in cytoplasmic organelles of ciliated cells for ciliogenesis by estrous cycles. The animals used in this study were female rat (Sprague Dawley strain), weighing approximately 200 gm. The ampulla oviducts of these animals (at each of estrous cycle) were rapidly excised. At each stage of estrous cycle, the tissues were used for immunocytochemical study and other were used for electron microscopical study. All specimens were observed by the light and electron microscope. The results obtained are as follows: 1. In the ciliated cells at proestrus, Golgi complex showed $5{\sim}7$ stacked cisternae with numerous saccules and vacuoles. Large amount of fibrous granules were located near the Golgi complex. But at metestrus and diestrus, few fibrous granules were seen. 2. A moderate number of rough endoplasmic reticulum and polyribosomes were scattered in the cytoplasm of ciliated cells at proestrus, but were decrease in number at metestrus and diestrus. 3. At proestrus and estrus, there were a large amount of vesicles in the apical cytoplasm of ciliated cells. 4. Numerous mitochondria were located in the apical cytoplasm at proestrus and estrus, but only a few at metestrus and diestrus. 5. At proestrus and estrus, tubulin substances showed strong reactions in the cytoplasm but weak reactions at metestrus and diestrus. It is suggested consequently that the ciliated cells of the rat oviducts showed no morphological changes of cilia but the ultrastructural organelles of the cells were changed in its shape and location during the entire estrous cycle.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.252-258
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• 2016

In this study, endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves of five species of woody plants in Jeju, Korea, namely Chamaecyparis obtusa, Cryptomeria japonica, Torreya nucifera, Ilex crenata, and Camellia japonica. The isolated fungal endophytes were identified based on their morphological and molecular characteristics including a sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer and 26S regions of rDNA and ${\beta}$-tubulin genes. Ten species of fungal endophytes have not been previously reported in Korea, namely Mycosphaerella aleuritidis, Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum, Neofusicoccum parvum, Phyllosticta citrichinensis, Phyllosticta cryptomeriae, Phomopsis cotoneastri, Sphaerulina rhododendricola, Guignardia mangiferae, Lophodermium jiangnanense, and Lophodermium minus.