• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

Nuclear power plants (NPP) using Alloy 600 (Ni 75wt%, Cr 15wt%, Fe 10wt%) as a heat exchanger tube of the steam generator (SG) have experienced various corrosion problems by ageing such as pitting, intergranular attack (IGA) and stress corrosion cracking (SCC). In spite of much effort to reduce the material degradations, SCC is still one of important problems to overcome. Especially lead is known to be one of the most deleterious species in the secondary system that cause SCC of the alloy. Even Alloy 690 (Ni 60wt%, Cr 30wt%, Fe 10wt%) as an alternative of Alloy 600 because of outstanding superiority to SCC is also susceptible to leaded environment. An oxide on SG tubing materials such as Alloy 600 and Alloy 690 is formed and modified expanding to complex sludge throughout hideout return (HOR) of various impurities including Pb. Oxide formation and breakdown is requisite for SCC initiation and propagation. Therefore it is expected that an oxide property such as a passivity of an oxide formed on steam generator tubing materials is deeply related to PbSCC and an inhibitor to hinder oxide modification by lead efficiently can be found. In the present work, the SCC susceptibility obtained by using a slow strain rate test (SSRT) in aqueous solutions with and without lead was discussed in view of the oxide property. The oxides formed on Alloy 600 and Alloy 690 in aqueous solutions with and without lead were examined by using a transmission electron microscopy (TEM), an energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), an x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.262-269
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• 1997

발전 설비중 열교환기 튜브와 같이 단면 형상이 원형인 부품의 원주 방향으로 마모, 침식 등에 의해 발생할 수 있는 단면 형상 변화를 검사(profilometry)하기 위한 와전류 탐촉자를 임피던스 등가회로이론을 적용하여 개발하였다. 본 연구에서는 외경 9.68mm, 벽두께 0.47mm인 SS304 튜브 외부에 발생할 수 있는 마모, denting 등의 결함을 모의한 시편을 제작하여 실험을 통해 검출 감도와 S/N비가 최적인 탐촉자의 코일치수, 전기적 특성, 적용 시험 주파수 등을 설정하였다. 이 결과에 따라 단면 형상 검사용 $8{\times}1$ 다중표면 탐촉자를 설계 제작하여 모의시편의 각 결함별 마모율을 검사한 결과 튜브 외부 발생 단면 형상 변화를 튜브외경의 ${\pm}0.2%$ (0.022mm) 측정 오차 범위로 측정이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.138-145
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 순간 고온식 tubing-bomb reactor를 사용하여 Alaska산 아역청탄과 폴리프로필렌(PP)의 공동액화시 상승효과 및 특성을 분석하고자 하였다. 석탄과 PP의 조성 및 수소공여용매의 양을 변화시켜가며 공동액화시와 각 물질의 단독액화를 비교시 상당한 상승효과를 파악할 수 있었다. 즉, 43$0^{\circ}C$ 및 45$0^{\circ}C$에서 30분간(석탄 2g+PP 2g)을 tetralin 4ml와 함께 공동액화시 단독액화에 비해 각각 20.0, 11.6%의 상승효과를 가져왔다. 한편, GC 분석 결과 PP액화시 tetralin으로부터 수소공여가 이루어지지 않은 것으로 밝혀졌으며 석탄 단위질량액화시 tetralin의 naphthalene으로 전환량은 0.70~0.83으로 나타났다. 또한 decalin 추출로 공동액화시 석탄과 PP 각각의 전환율을 구하여 석탄 또는 PP 단독액화시의 액화율과 비교한 결과, 43$0^{\circ}C$에서 석탄혼합물 대 tetralin의 비가 1:1인 조건에서 20% 상승효과는 PP의 액화율 상승이 주도한 것으로 나타났으며 석탄이 PP분해시 촉매 효과를 나타내는 것으로 해석되었다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2016

This paper has analyzed the structure, applicable regulations and the resistance characteristics of insulation ring type of CSST (Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing for Gas). With the flammability test conducted in accordance with KS C IEC 60811-1-1, the evaluation of insulation resistance, temperature characteristics, and reliability has been conducted. An insulation ring type CSST consists of protective coating, tube, nut, insulation ring, packing, socket, and ball valve. Connecting an insulation ring type CSST to gas tubings for gas appliance is not permitted, moreover, the product shall be installed inside a sleeve pipe in case of buried installation such as the ceiling. Damages on protective coating and tube were detected when fire was applied to the test sample with a portable torch for 60 seconds. The insulation resistance of a normal product was $49.59M{\Omega}$, while that of the product completed the flammability test reduced to $9.21M{\Omega}$. The mean insulation resistance within the confidence Interval of 95% using the mini tap program 17 was $49.59M{\Omega}$ and the mean insulation resistance within the confidence interval reduced to $9.21M{\Omega}$. In the normal distribution analysis of 95% confidence interval, the value-P of the normal product was stable at 0.075 and AD(Anderson-Darling) statistic value was turned out to be 0.063, which is very normal, and the standard deviation was analyzed as 0.2586. The value P of the product completed the flammability test resulted in 0.005, the AD was 1.355 and the standard deviation reduced to 0.07908.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.451-456
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• 2000

원전 증기발생기 전열관에 대한 가동중 와전류 검사의 신뢰성을 높이기 위해서는 전열관에서 발생하는 실제와 동일한 부식결함을 제작한 다음 모의과정을 통하여 얻어지는 신호를 해석, 평가하여 장비 및 검사자의 기량을 검증하고 향상시킬 수 있는 기술개발이 이루어져야 한다. 본 논문에서는 가동안전성의 측면, 모의시편의 관점, 인출 전열관의 파괴검사로부터 도출된 관점 그리고 규제기준 및 외국의 사례를 통하여 부식결함을 이용한 증기발생기 전열관에 대한 와전류 검사 신뢰성 향상 연구의 필요성을 고찰하고, 실험실적인 부식결함 제작 모형을 소개하며 그 활용방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.269-273
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• 2003

닭에서 맹장으로 尿의 역류량을 측정하기 위해서 사료급여 및 절식의 조건에서 Cecostomy(맹장으로 튜브를 삽입하는 수술) 기술이 개발되었다. 시술 이틀 뒤부터 맹장에 튜브가 장착된 닭은 20ml의 따뜻한 생리적 식염수를 이용하여 격일 간격으로 10일동안 수술부위를 환류시켰다. 맹장에 장착된 튜브와 총배설강에 외과적으로 시술된 플라스틱 채집병을 이용하여서 배설물이 매일 모아졌다. 요산 배설량은 사료 채식시가 절식시 보다 유의하게 증가하였다.(P<0.05) 맹장을 통해서 검출된 요산의 양은 사료급여시와 절식시에 각각 총 요산 배설량의 7.74, 5.31%를 나타내었다. 사후검사에서 맹장에 삽입되었던 고무튜브 주위를 둘러싸고 있는 완벽한 맹장이 확인되었다. 본 연구의 결과 수탉에서 적어도 매일 약 5%의 尿가 맹장으로 역류됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.576-584
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• 1994

수중의 금속 산화물을 신속하고 간단하게 용해시킬 수 있는 연속흐름 마이크로파 용해장치를 개발하였다. 이로서 금속 산화물 입자를 용해시킴과 동시에 유도결합 플라즈마 분광기(ICP-AES)를 이용하여 ON-LINE으로 분석하는 완전 자동화 분석 장치의 개발이 가능토록 하였다. 연속흐름 마이크로파 용해장치는 개방형 튜브 장치와 억제형 튜브 장치로 구분하여 제작하고 최적화 시험을 수행하였다. 개방형 튜브 용해장치의 최적조건은 튜브길이가 30m, 마이크로파 출력 20%, 염산 농도 0.6N, 유속은 3.5ml/min였으며, 억제형 튜브 용해장치는 튜브 길이가 7.2m, 마이크로파 출력 30%, 염산 농도 0.6N, 유속은 3.1ml/min였다. 억제형 튜브 용해장치가 개방형 장치에 비하여 용해시간이 3배 정도 단축되었고 용해시킬 수 있는 시료의 농도 범위도 10배 정도 높았다. 제작된 용해장치의 정밀도는 베치식 용기 용해법과 거의 유사한 결과를 나타내어 Fe, Cu는 5% 정도의 상대 표준 편차값을 나타내었고, Zn,Co는 10%내외로 다소 높게 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2011

It has been rereported that axons which display 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) immunoreactivity are abundant in the pancreas and the majority of serotonergic axons terminate within intrapancreatic ganglia, islet and acini. This histological result strongly suggests that intrapancreatic serotonergic nerves could affect to the pancreatic endocrine and exocrine secretion. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate whether intrapancreatic serotonergic nerves could affect pancreatic exocrine secretion and an action mechanism of the intrapancreatic serotonergic nerves. The rats were anesthetized with a single injection of urethane. The median line and the abdominal aorta was carefully dissected and cannulated with PE-50 tubing just above the celiac artery, and then tightly ligated just below the superior mesenteric artery. The pancreatic duct was also cannulated with Tygon microbore tubing. With the addition of serotonin, pancreatic volume flow and amylase output were significantly inhibited electrical field stimulation (EFS). On the other hand, pancreatic volume flow and amylase output were significantly elevated in EFS with the addition of spiperone. EFS application, however, pancreatic volume flow and amylase output had no significant change in cholecystokinin (CCK) alone when serotonin was applied under a 5.6 mM glucose background. Pancreatic volume flow and amylase output under 18 mM glucose background were significantly elevated in CCK plus serotonin than in CCK alone. These data suggest that intrapancreatic serotonergic nerves play an inhibitory role in pancreatic exocrine secretion and an important role in the insulin action or release.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.220-224
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• 2014

Background: For the surgical management of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA), there have been various techniques that reduce the tension and kinking of the coronary artery during reimplantation to the aorta. The aim of this study is to describe the results of our modified technique of coronary reimplantation for the treatment of ALCAPA. Methods: Between October 2003 and February 2011, seven patients underwent coronary reimplantation with the modified technique (tubing formation with the sinus wall of the pulmonary artery and trapdoor formation at the site of implantation in the aorta). The median follow-up duration was 52 months (range, 4 to 72 months). Clinical outcomes and serial echocardiographic data were reviewed. Results: There was no mortality. One patient had a small amount of cerebral hemorrhage postoperatively and improved without any sequelae. Another patient had left diaphragm palsy and underwent diaphragm plication. Follow-up echocardiogram showed that all patients had normal ventricular function without chamber enlargement. Conclusion: Our modified technique (tubing formation with the sinus wall of the pulmonary artery and trapdoor formation at the site of implantation in the aorta) demonstrated successful clinical outcomes. We conclude that this surgical technique can be a potential alternative for the treatment of ALCAPA.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2023

In this paper, the evaluation method of fluidelastic instability (FEI) of newly designed steam generator tubing in pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power plants is discussed. To obtain the parameters for prediction of the critical velocity of FEI for steam generator tubes, experimental research is carried out, and the design parameters are determined. Using CFD numerical simulation, the tube array scale of the model experiment is determined, and the experimental device is designed. In this paper, 7 groups of experiments with void fractions of 0% (water), 10%, 20%, 50%, 75%, 85% and 95% were carried out. The critical damping ration, fundamental frequency and critical velocity of FEI of tubes in flowing water were measured. Through calculation, the total mass and instability constant of the immersed tube are obtained. The critical damping ration measured in the experiment mainly included two-phase damping and viscous damping, which changed with the change in void fraction from 1.56% to 4.34%. This value can be used in the steam generator design described in this paper and is conservative. By introducing the multiplier of frequency and square root of total mass per unit length, it is found that the difference between the experimental results and the calculated results is less than 1%, which proves the rationality and feasibility of the calculation method of frequency and total mass per unit length in engineering design. Through calculation, the instability constant is greater than 4 when the void fraction is less than 75%, less than 4 when the void fraction exceeds 75% and only 3.04 when the void fraction is 95%.