• Title/Summary/Keyword: trip-out

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Transplantation of Koelreuteria paniculata by Sea Current (모감주나무의 해류에 의한 전파)

  • 이영노
    • Journal of Plant Biology
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.11-20
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    • 1958
  • I. Assumption: Mo-kam-ju, Koelreuteria paniculata is a woody plant mainly cistributed over Northern China. Its sporadic growth along the beaches of Korea and Japan is assumed to have been sowed by the seeds transported adrift on the current across the ocean. II. Use and Growth of the Plant: In China, this plant has been cultivated from early times mainly at temples, it seeds being used as rosaries, its flowers for yellow dyes and medicine for the eyes, and its leaves for black dyes. In Korea and Japan, these plants have been cultivated at temples and used as the material for rosaries. No natural growth of these plants was reported until 1919. III. Discoveries: In this domestic area, Dr. Chung Tae Hyun discovered the plant on the beach between Cho-Do and Chang-san-kot, Hwang-Hae Prov. in 1920. The reporter discovered them on the beach at Buk-Ni, Duk-jok-Do in 1948, at An-Hung in 1956 and on the beach at An-min-Do in 1957. In the Japan area, it was discovered for the first time twenty years ago, mainly along the coast line of the Japan Sea and some along the eastern coast line, at Subo, Yamaguchi Prefecture facing the Pacific Ocean. IV. Study and Experiment: A. Seed The seed coat is thick, non-permeable and floatable. A number of seeds were immersed in artificial sea water and fresh water separately. The seeds remained there for a hundred and forty-five (145) days from April 6, 1957 to August 29, 57. Thirty one seeds out of the fifty immersed in salt water and twenty seeds out of the fifty immersed in fresh water remained on the surface of the water, proving them to be non-permeable to both sea and fresh water. Of course, these had retained their germinating capabilities. Five (5) seeds out of twenty from the fresh water and six (6) out of thirty-one from the sea water were successfully germinated after a hole had been drilled in the seed coat and they had been planted. Thus their floating capability, non-permeability and germinating capability after a possible 145 day trip on the flowing currents has been proved satisfactory according to the assumption made above. B. Current As shown in the Data 2 and 3, the sea current initiated in the Pohai Sea flows westward down along the coast line of Korea reaching the southern part during the autumn and winter seasons. This fact also is in favor of the reporter's assumption. V. Discussion and Conclusion: The reporter concludes that, as discussed above, Koelreuteria paniculata which originates in Northern China is transported adrift on the flowing sea current to our western coast line, and also the coast lines of Shantung and Kuangtung of China and it is germinated on the sandy beaches forming new plants. Thus, the seeds drifted down on the southern beach of Korea and have been transported to the Japanese coast, adrift on the Tae-Ma current. Upon fruition, the seeds of the plants which settle on the coasts of western Korea and Japan will migrate to new places. It can be, however, assumed that while the thickness and nonpermeability of the coat enables the long travel in the water, this also can compose a difficulty in germination, consequently in developing a new distribution of this species.

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The Effects of the Instructional Use of Materials Around Everyday Life on Science Academic Achievement: Focused on the Third and Sixth - Grade Level (생활 주변 자료 활용 수업이 학업성취도에 미치는 효과)

  • 김정길;남철우;김석중;송판섭;한광래;최도성;문두석
    • Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.45-57
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study is to guide and apply gettable and accessible materials around everyday life into classroom instruction, and to find out their effects on student academic achievement. In order to achieve it, this study was tried to develop and guide available materials around life in teaming activities, to provide a preliminary assignment that could apply the available materials, and to compare its academic achievement to one from field trip loaming. For the hypothesis testing, first, the experimental and comparing classes were selected based on the results of basic learning diagnostic evaluation, which conducted by the researcher being served as a full-time science teacher of the third and sixth grade of K elementary school in Kwangju for 2 years. Secondly, the instructional use of the available materials around life was applied to the experimental class. Also, the instructional use of the existing materials was applied to the comparing class. Finally, for the testing of the effects on academic achievement, the posterio test was implemented after conducting the experimental instruction in knowledge·understanding, inquiry process, and attitude domains classified by the unit characteristics. Using SPSS/WIN program the t-test was performed in order to compare the differences between the two groups. Major findings were as follows: 1) In the achievement test of knowledge·understanding domain, there were no significant differences at the 5% level between the experimental and comparing classes. It could be difficult to say, therefore, that the instructional use of the available materials around life was more effective than the instructional use of the existing materials. However, it had some effects on differences between the third grade final achievement test and sixth grade experimental class. 2) In the achievement test of inquiry process domain, there were some significant differences in that the sixth grade experimental class was higher than the third grade out-of classroom experience unit. It was indicated that the instructional use of the available materials around life had some effects on improving the students' inquiry ability 3) In achievement test of attitude domain, there were some significant differences. It was shown that the self-evaluation test of the sixth grade experimental class unit was higher than that of the third grade out-of classroom experience unit; Especially, the learning activities in the experimental class were more active, and the experimental practice ability was improved. It was presented that the instructional use of the available materials around life had some effects on the students' academic achievement in attitude domain. It was concluded from this study that the instructional use of the available materials around life was less effective on Knowledge understanding domain, but was effective on improving their scientific inquiry ability and interest on science education.

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Rectangular ring resonator with optimum multimode inteference (최적의 다중모드 간섭기로 결합된 직사각형 링 공진기)

  • Kim, Doo-Gun;Choi, Woon-Kyung;Choi, Young-Wan;Yi, Jong-Chang
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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    • v.44 no.11
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    • pp.26-35
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    • 2007
  • We characterized the properties of the fabricated filter with the total internal reflection mirror (TIR) in the rectangular ring resonator and very small multimode interference (MMI) couplers on an InP material platform for photonic integrated circuits. Coupling power in and out of a resonator is increased by using an optimum MMI length of 110 ${\mu}m$ and a width of 9 ${\mu}m$, respectively. The semiconductor optical amplifier with the length of 120 ${\mu}m$ is integrated in the resonator to compensate the loss of the internal waveguide and the TIR mirror. A free spectral range of approximately 2 nm (244 GHz) is observed with an on-off ratio of 13 dB. The curve fitting also yields the power coupled per pass as 42%. To reach critical coupling at this coupling level would require a round trip loss of about 2.4 dB.

Design Considerations on the Standby Cooling System for the integrity of the CNS-IPA

  • Choi, Jungwoon;Kim, Young-ki
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2015.08a
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    • pp.104-104
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    • 2015
  • Due to the demand of the cold neutron flux in the neutron science and beam utilization technology, the cold neutron source (CNS) has been constructed and operating in the nuclear research reactor all over the world. The majority of the heat load removal scheme in the CNS is two-phase thermosiphon using the liquid hydrogen as a moderator. The CNS moderates thermal neutrons through a cryogenic moderator, liquid hydrogen, into cold neutrons with the generation of the nuclear heat load. The liquid hydrogen in a moderator cell is evaporated for the removal of the generated heat load from the neutron moderation and flows upward into a heat exchanger, where the hydrogen gas is liquefied by the cryogenic helium gas supplied from a helium refrigeration system. The liquefied hydrogen flows down to the moderator cell. To keep the required liquid hydrogen stable in the moderator cell, the CNS consists of an in-pool assembly (IPA) connected with the hydrogen system to handle the required hydrogen gas, the vacuum system to create the thermal insulation, and the helium refrigeration system to provide the cooling capacity. If one of systems is running out of order, the operating research reactor shall be tripped because the integrity of the CNS-IPA is not secured under the full power operation of the reactor. To prevent unscheduled reactor shutdown during a long time because the research reactor has been operating with the multi-purposes, the introduction of the standby cooling system (STS) can be a solution. In this presentation, the design considerations are considered how to design the STS satisfied with the following objectives: (a) to keep the moderator cell less than 350 K during the full power operation of the reactor under loss of the vacuum, loss of the cooling power, loss of common electrical power, or loss of instrument air cases; (b) to circulate smoothly helium gas in the STS circulation loop; (c) to re-start-up the reactor within 1 hour after its trip to avoid the Xenon build-up because more than certain concentration of Xenon makes that the reactor cannot start-up again; (d) to minimize the possibility of the hydrogen-oxygen reaction in the hydrogen boundary.

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Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Transport Sector in New Town Development (신도시 계획단계에서의 교통부문 온실가스 배출량 산정 및 감축효과 분석방법론 연구)

  • Han, Sang-Jin;Park, Kyung-Uk;Park, Su-Jin
    • Journal of Environmental Policy
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.45-69
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    • 2013
  • This study estimates baseline greenhouse gas emissions from transport sector when a new town is developed. It has adopted a general greenhouse gas estimation model developed by Schipper, celine, Roger(2000) for the estimation, and showed how various transport related statistics can be utilized in detail. Particularly, it has produced unit greenhouse gas emission factor per vehicle types, vehicle-km, and trip-km. To evaluate effects of greenhouse gas reduction policies, it has calculated how much emissions will be reduced from bicycle promotion. It has turned out that about 369 thousand tons of carbon dioxide will be emitted from transport sector once the 1st Geomdan New Town is developed in Incheon metropolitan city. If the policy of bicycle promotion can attract people to use bicycle as much as 5% of total trips, then it can reduce about 1,869 tons of carbon dioxide.

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A Study on the Developmental Directions of Transfer Stations with Traffic Cards Data - Focused on Daegu City - (교통카드자료를 이용한 환승정류장의 개발 방향에 관한 연구 - 대구시를 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Ki-Hyuk;Lee, Seung-Cheol
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.32 no.6D
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    • pp.539-547
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    • 2012
  • Increasing the mode transfer volume between public transportation modes has known to be necessary for efficiency improvement of public transportation system operation and it is also found to be important to have relevant transfer point selection with reflection of current travel pattern. This study is in regards to providing a selection guideline for the location of transfer point between public transport modes. This case study has been carried out for Daegu Metropolitan City especially for public transportation users behaviour by analysis of daily usage of transportation card to identify the transfer travel pattern. A cluster analysis was applied to categorize the pattern of transfer stop which induces many users and a discriminant analysis also utilized for grouping the stops by number of transfer trip. This research produces the estimation result of transfer volume for urban railway system no.3 in Daegu City which is currently under construction. In addition, the locations of transfer center has also been proposed.

A Study on the Space Structure and Feature of Interior in the Passenger's Residential Place of a Cruise Ship in Chronological Order (시기별 크루즈 선박 승객거주구역의 공간구성 및 실내디자인 특성에 관한 연구)

  • 진달래;이규백
    • Archives of design research
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.215-224
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    • 2003
  • The cruiser trip which can have various experiences in a short time is growing as the best tourism package because there is less leisure time in contrast of the increased income in 21C. in other words, as the demand of the tourist goes up, the number of ships built newly is increasing. The order of the ship keeping first and second rank in Korea has arranged a long-term strategy in order to get into the global market with the cruiser with the high value added. They also set the objective related to the cruiser design and skillful construction work. We need to observe the change and trend of the cruiser with a care at this time when the cruiser industry is launched out. In this study, the cruiser industry is divided by four periods: the spring time, the depressed time, the developing time and the peak time, on the basis of the trend of the development and the change of space structure. In addition, it was analyzed in this study that there were the various trends such as the ratio, the structure and the type of the space as well as the interior plan in the passenger's residential place The aim of this study is to present the fundamental material about the interior plan to prepare for building the domestic cruisers in a foreseeable future.

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Evaluation of Mechanical Properties by Using Instrumented Indentation Testing for Resistance Spot Welds (비파괴 계장화 압입시험을 이용한 저항 점용접부 물성 평가)

  • Choi, Chul-Young;Kim, Jun-Ki;Hong, Jae-Keun;Yeom, Jong-Taek;Park, Yeong-Do
    • Journal of Powder Materials
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.64-72
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    • 2011
  • Nondestructive instrumented indentation test is the method to evaluate the mechanical properties by analyzing load - displacement curve when forming indentation on the surface of the specimen within hundreds of micro-indentation depth. Resistance spot welded samples are known to difficult to measure the local mechanical properties due to the combination of microstructural changes with heat input. Particularly, more difficulties arise to evaluate local mechanical properties of resistance spot welds because of having narrow HAZ, as well as dramatic changed in microstructure and hardness properties across the welds. In this study, evaluation of the local mechanical properties of resistance spot welds was carried out using the characterization of Instrumented Indentation testing. Resistance spot welding were performed for 590MPa DP (Dual Phase) steels and 780MPa TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) steels following ISO 18278-2 condition. Mechanical properties of base metal using tensile test and Instrumented Indentation test showed similar results. Also it is possible to measure local mechanical properties of the center of fusion zone, edge of fusion zone, HAZ and base metal regions by using instrumented indentation test. Therefore, measurement of local mechanical properties using instrumented indentation test is efficient, reliable and relatively simple technique to evaluate the tensile strength, yield strength and hardening exponent.

Effects of Heat Treatment Condition on the Mechanical Properties in Fe-0.4%C-2.3%Si Steel (Fe-0.4C-2.3Si강의 기계적 성질에 미치는 오스템퍼링 열처리 조건의 영향)

  • Son, Je-Young;Song, June-Hwan;Kim, Ji-Hun;Ye, Byung-Joon
    • Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.104-108
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    • 2012
  • The effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of 0.4C-2.3Si(wt%) steel with bainitic ferrite matrix were investigated. This steel has been synthesized intergrating concepts from TRIP(Transformation Induced Plasticity) steel & Austempered Ductile Cast Iron(ADI) technology. The low alloy medium carbon (0.4 %C) steel with high silicon (2.3 %Si) was initially annealed for 60 min at $800^{\circ}C$, $820^{\circ}C$ and $840^{\circ}C$ respectively in the intercritical region and then subsequently austempered at various temperatures at $260^{\circ}C$, $320^{\circ}C$ and $380^{\circ}C$ for 30 min in a salt bath. The mechanical properties were measured by using a tensile test. A detailed study of the microstructure of this steel after heat treatment was carried out by means of electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) technic. In this study, a new low alloy steel with high strength (780~1,050MPa) and exceptionally high ductility (20~40%) was obtained.

Centrifuge Model Experiments and Numerical Analysis for the Bearing Capacity of Sloped Rubble Mound (경사진 사석층의 지지력에 관한 원심모형실험 및 수치해석)

  • Lee, Myung-Woog;Park, Byung-Soo;Jung, Gil-Soo;Yoo, Nam-Jae
    • Journal of Industrial Technology
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    • v.24 no.B
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    • pp.95-105
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    • 2004
  • This paper is an experimental and numerical research works about the effects of the b earing capacity of sloped rubble mound on the density of rubble mound and the position of footing. Centrifuge model tests were performed to investigate the bearing capacity of rubble m ound by changing the density of rubble mound and the location of loading in forms of s trip loading to simulate the caisson. Materials of rubble mound used in the model tests were crushed rocks having similar value of uniformity coefficient to the value in field. Two different relative densities of 80% and 90% were prepared during tests. The dimens ions of centrifuge model were trapezoidal shape of model mound having the bottom wid th of mound, 30cm and height of mound, 10cm. Gravity level applied during the centrif uge test was 50G. Surcharge loading in the forms of strip loading was applied on the t op of the sloped model mound. Tests were carried out by changing the position of loadi ng. The rigid model footing was located in the center of top of the model rubble mound and the edge of model footing was at the crest of mound. Test results were analyzed by using the limit equilibrium methods proposed by Meyer hof(1957) and Bowles(1982) and the numerical approach with FLAC being available com mercially software. For the numerical estimations with FLAC, the rubble mound was si mulated with the constitutive relationship of Mohr-Coulomb elasto-plastic model.

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