• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.534-541
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• 2002

살충제, 살균제 그리고 antifouling 약품 등으로써의 triorganotin의 사용은 지난 30년간 놀라울 정도로 증가해왔다. 이 보고에서는 미세조류 Skeletonema costatum의 성장에 미치는 여러 triorganotin (TBTO, TBTF, CTPT, TBTCI)들의 급성 및 만성 독성효과를 조사하기 위하여, 단기 및 장기 독성실험을 각각 수행하였다. 단기 독성실험에서, 여러 triorganotin들의 S. costatum에 대한 성장저해 효과는 처리농도에 비례하여 증가하였으며, 이 성장저해는 시간 경과에 따라 회복되었다. 그러나 여러 triorganotin의 독성의 성장저해 효과가 접종한 S. costatum의 세포밀도에 따라 다름을 보였다. 접종 세포농도가 높을수록 triorganotin의 독성효과는 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 triorganotin의 S. costatum에 의한 분해에 의한 것이라고 판단된다. 장기 독성실험에서는 단기 독성실험에서와는 달리 1 $\mu$g/L의 triorganotin의 농도에서도 S. costatum이 사멸하였다. 이러한 사실은 낮은 밀도의 식물성 플랑크톤이 존재하는 해수에서 지속적으로 존재하는 triorganotin의 독성은 훨씬 더 강하게 나타날 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.377-383
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• 1997

The acute toxicity effect of triorganotin of trioganotin on the growth of microalgae and shellfish was investigated through flask culture. The value of 120 hr-LC$_{50}$ that is the median lethal concentration of TBTO on the shellfish (R. philipinarum) was found to be 6 $\mu$g/L. The acute toxicity effect of TBTO on T. suecica was obviously shown even at the concentration of 0.5 $\mu$g/L, and the effect diminished as the initial cell density increased. The effect also diminished less in the experiment done under aeration than in that done under non-aeration. To design a chemostat system for the test of chronic toxicity, the culture of T. suecica was executed in photobioreactor. In batch culture, the profiles of chlorophyII a and D.C.W. showed the growth of T. suecica very well, and the maximum specific growth rate was estimated to be 0.54 d$^{-1}$. with this value, as a dilution rate in contimuous culture, pH was nicely maintained between 7 and 9 when air was supplied with 3% CO$_{2}$. From all results and the natural environment of clam, a novel chemostat system was invented. Through this system, we can observe each independent toxicity effect of TBTO and plankton and combined toxicity effect as well.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.421-425
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• 1986

New di- and triorganotin(IV) complexes of meta- and para-phenylenebisdithiocarbamate(m- and p-pbdtc) have been synthesized and characterized by means of chemical analysis, mass spectrometry, and IR spectroscopy. The reaction of the m-pbdtc ligand with diorganotin(IV) halides resulted in 1:1 products, $R_2Sn{\cdot}m$-pbdtc (R = Me, Cy, n-Bu) of dimeric nature whereas the p-pbdtc ligand led to an oligomeric or polymeric structure. The pbdtc ligands were also reacted with triorganotin(IV) halides to form monomeric complexes, $(R_3Sn)_2{\cdot}pbdtc.$ The tin coordination chemistry of these complexes were also discussed in terms of Sn-C and Sn-S bonding modes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2006

New organotin(IV) derivatives with general formulae R_2SnL_2 and R_3SnL, where R = methyl, n-butyl, n-octyl and phenyl and HL is either 3-[N-(4-nitrophenyl)amido]-propenoic acid or 3-[N-(4-nitrophenyl)amido] propanoic acid have been synthesized in 1 : 2 and 1 : 1 molar ratio by different methods. The FTIR spectra clearly demonstrated that the organotin(IV) moieties react with [O,O] atoms of the ligands. The bonding and coordination behavior in these complexes are discussed on the basis of multinuclear (^1H,\,^{13}C,\,^{119}Sn) NMR and mass spectrometric studies. Antibacterial, and antifungal screening tests were performed for these compounds and reported here. These values were compared to those of the precursors and it was found that diorganotin(IV) complexes exhibit less activity as compared to triorganotin(IV) complexes . LD_{50} data were obtained by Brine Shrimp assay method. Insecticidal activity was performed for selective compounds by contact toxicity method.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.722-726
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• 1993

Organotin(IV) complexes of ylidenemalonates $(R_xSn)_{x-1}(O_2C)_2C=C(SR')_2\;(R=n-C_4H_9,\;C_6H_5,\;cyclo-C_6H_{11},\;CH_3OOCCH_2CH_2;\;x=2,3;\;R'=CH_3,\;R_2'=-CHCH-,\;-CH_2CH_{2^-})$ have been synthesized and characterized by means of various spectroscopic methods. The X-ray crystal structure of $(Ph_3Sn)_2(O_2C)_2C=C(SCH_3)_2$ has been determined (Pi; a= 9.704(2) ${\AA}$, b= 14.412(1) ${\AA}$, c= 14.760(3) ${\AA}$, ${alpha}$=74.26(1)$^{\circ}$, ${beta}$=99.38(l)$^{\circ}$, ${\gamma}$=79.09(1)$^{\circ}$, $V= 1950.7(7){\AA}^3$) and refined to R= 0.045. The crystal structure discloses a discrete molecule with bidentate-like carboxylate ligand. For diorganotin analogues, the structures are discussed in terms of IR, $^1H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR$, and FAB mass spectrometry. The mass spectrum indicates that the diorganotin complexes of ylidenemalonates are dimeric.

• 환경생물
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.164-169
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• 2003

유기주석화합물은 농업과 산업분야에서 많이 쓰이고, 이들은 수계환경으로 유입되어 물이나 저질 중의 세균들에 의해 분해되어 최종적으로는 무기주석으로 된다. Trialkyltin 화합물이 해양생물에 미치는 영향에 관해서는 많은 연구가 있지만, 해양생태계에서 기초적인 생산을 담당하는 플랑크톤류에 미치는 영향에 관해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 TBT와 TPT의 분해물인 DBT, MBT, DPT, MPT를 비롯하여 trimethyltin(TMT)과 그분해물인 dimethyltin (DMT)이 기수산 rotifer의 생존에 미치는 독성(96hr-$LC_{50}$)을 조사.비교하였다. 그 결과, DPT(13.8ppb)가 가장 강했으며 TMT(42.9), DBT(80.6), MPT(262.2), MBT와 DMT(>1,000)의 순으로 나타났다. 즉, trialkyltin과 dialkyltin에서는 페닐주석, 부칠주석, 메칠주석의 순으로 독성이 약해지며, mo-noalkyltin에서도 페닐주석화합물이 메칠주석화합물에 비해 독성이 강하다는 것을 확인할 수가 있었다. 이렇듯 독성이 서로 다른 것은 유기주석화합물의 소수성(lipo-philicity)과도 높은 상관이 있었다.