• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.819-827
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• 1994

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of 50% buckwheat diet on the body weight, organ weight, urine albumin, urine glucose, plasma glucose and plasma lipid in normal rats and diabetic rats treated with streptozotocin(STZ). The food intake, body weight, the level of urine glucose in diabetic buckwheat groups were not significantly different with diabetic control group. The level of urine albumin was lower in raw and steam buckwheat group than in the diabetic control group. Compared to the normal control group, liver and kidney weights were heavier in the diabetic groups. Pancreas weight was heavier diabetic buckwheat groups than in normal and diabetic control groups. Fasting plasma glucose level of diabetic buckwheat groups significantly decreased by 18-37% compared with the diabetic control group. Plasma triglyceride level of diabetic buckwheat groups significantly decreased by 34-50% compared with the diabetic control group. Plasma total cholesterol level of diabetic buckwheat groups decreased by 15-27% compared with the diabetic control group. The level of HDL-cholesterol was not affected by buckwheat diet. These results indicate that buckwheat is an effective therapeutic regimen for the control of metabolic derangements in diabetics.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.125-132
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of extract from Citri Pericarpium (CP) on lipid-lowering effect in semi-healthy subjects with increased serum levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride. Methods : A experimental group (n=45) and placebo group (n=46) were randomly established based on the plasma lipid profiles (triglyceride, total cholesterol etc.) in the semi-healthy subjects, then all subjects randomly took experimental or placebo capsules, which contain 1,200 mg of CP or the same dose of soluble starch per day with regular meals for 8 weeks by double-blind method. Results : One-hundred forty (140) subjects were screened, then 91 subjects enrolled in the study. No serious adverse events were reported for trial period. The CP treatment showed statistically significant decrease in serum levels of triglyceride both at 4-weeks (p<0.01) and at 8-weeks (p=0.0001). Futhermore, there was significant difference in the triglyceride levels between CP-treated and placebo group. The CP-treated but not placebo group, experienced decrease in serum levels of total cholesterol at 8-weeks. Then there was no significant difference in the total cholesterol levels between the two groups. In addition, statistically significant difference of AST, ALT, ${\gamma}$-GT serum levels wasn't shown before and after trial in two groups. Conclusion : These results demonstrate that CP can significantly suppress the elevated triglyceride but not total cholesterol level. Therefore, CP may play a role in the improvement of blood lipid levels, as an effective functional food.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.64-74
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution patterns of serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels and the influence of environmental and dietary factors in 201 healthy male subjects. The subjects were found to be 53.7% for the normal, 15.4% for the TC, 17.4% for TG and 13.5% for TC.TG group, respectively. Among general characteristics, smoking significantly affected serum lipid levels of subjects (p < 0.05). Among anthropometric factors, body weight, BMI and PIBW significantly influenced the blood lipid patterns. Body weight of TG group was significantly higher than that of normal group (p < 0.05). BMI and PIBW of TG group and TC.TG group were significantly higher than those of normal group (p < 0.05) . In addition, diastolic blood pressure of TG group was significantly higher than that of normal group (p < 0.05). For the food intake, average intake of fruit was significantly higher in normal group than that of TG group (p < 0.05). For nutrient intake, calcium intake was significantly higher in TC group than those of normal and TC.TG group (p <0.05). Intakes of vitamin $B_2$ and C were significantly higher in TC group than those of in TG group (p < 0.05). Serum HDL-cholesterol level was negatively related to meat, poultry, and their products (p <0.05), but serum total cholesterol level positively related to animal lipids (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that it is crucial for maintaining adequate serum lipid levels to reduce smoking, blood pressure and to lose body weight. As far as food intake concerned, fruit intake was important in maintaining serum triglyceride level normal, while animal food intake affected serum total cholesterol level adversely. (Korean J Nutrition 36(1): 64-74, 2003)

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-19
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was carried out to determine the effects of Gamidokwalgisaeng-tang(GDS) oral administration and electro-acupuncture at $BL_{52}$ & $GB_{39}$ on the postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methods: In order to study the effects of the Gamidokwalgisaeng-tang(GDS) oral administration and electro-acupuncture at $BL_{52}$, $GB_{39}$ on osteoporotic rats induced by ovariectomy, body weight, femur weight, uterine weight, serum level of osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase(ALP), cholesterol, triglyceride, estradiol, androstenedione, testosterone and urinary excretions of calcium & phosphorus were measured. Results : 1. Body weight in all experimental group decreased significantly in comparison with ovariectomized group(OVX). 2. The weight of femur compared with body increased significantly in GDS oral administration and combination treatment group in comparison with ovariectomized group(OVX). 3. Uterine endometrial morphology is caused by ovariectomy and the weight of uterus decreased significantly in control and all experimental group in comparison with sham. 4. The serum level of osteocalcin decreased in all experimental group in comparison with OVX, but significantly in electro-acupuncture and combination treatment group. 5. The serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity decreased in electro-acupuncture and combination treatment group in comparison with OVX, but only significantly in electro-acupuncture group. 6. The serum level of cholesterol increased significantly in OVX in comparison with sham and decreased in all experimental group in comparison with OVX, not insignificantly. The serum level of triglyceride increased in all experimental group in comparison with OVX, not insignificantly. 7. Urinary excretions of calcium and phosphorus decreased significantly in all experimental group in comparison with OVX. Conclusion : We suggest that GDS oral administration and electro-acupuncture at $BL_{52}$ & $GB_{39}$ are available for prevention and curing about the postmenopausal osteoporosis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.967-978
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• 1994

This study was done to investigate the effect of age and dietary linolenic acid content and the linolenic acid/linoleic acid(LNA/LA) ratio on the lipid metabolism and formation of PGI2 and TXA2. The male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 6 different with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 of LNA/LA ratio within either 8% LNA(high LNA) or 4% LNA(low LNA) of fatty acid content for different feeding period(1, 4, 12 month). The dietary fat used were sesame oil, perilla oil, soybean oil and beef tallow. The concentration of serum total lipid, total cholesterol and HDL-C were increased with aging. Triglyceride concentration was decreased in 0.2 ratio of LNA/LA. The lipid content of liver showed similar tendency to that of serum. The ratio of PGI2/TXA2 was increased in 1 month rats and antithrombotic effect was reduced significantly with increasing age. The PGI2/TXA2 ratio was tended to be higher in diet of 0.2 and 0.4 LNA/LA ratio at high LNA level and in diet of 0.6 LNA/LA ratio at low LNA level. Especially PGI2/TXA2 ratio was increased linearly with rising LNA/LA ratio at low LNA level. It seemed that the LNA content and LNA/LA ratio had interaction to increase the antithrombotic effect bychanging TXA2 synthesis. And the dietary fatty acid related effect lowering the serum and liver lipid content, excepting triglyceride, was increased when dietary n3/n6 ratio was high(0.6) at both high and low n3 level. Therefore, it could not be recommended to consume large amount of n3 fatty acid or high ratio of n3/n6 to prevent cardiovascular diseases. These results suggested that the dietary fatty acid ratio of n3/n6 could be determined based on the n-3 content of dietary fat to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of butanol (BuOH) fraction of Alisma canaliculatum (Ac) and/or selenium (Se) treatment on glycogen level, lipid metabolism and lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of the five groups: normal, STZ-control, and three experimental groups (Ac group, Ac-Se group, and Se group). Diabetes was experimentally induced by intravenous administration of 45 mg/kg of STZ in citrate buffer. The BuOH fraction of Ac (400 mg/kg bw) was orally administered for 3 weeks. The Se group were fed a AIN-93 recommended diet mixed with Na$_2$SeO$_3$ (2 mg/kg diet). The liver glycogen level of Ac and Ac-Se groups were significantly higher, when compared with the STZ-control groups. The muscle glycogen level was not significantly differ among all groups. The levels of liver triglyceride were higher in Ac-Se group than the STZ-control group. Pancreas protein levels were significantly increased in Ac-Se group than STZ-control group. The concentration of liver malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly decreased in Ac and Se groups and decreased in Ac-Se group. Administration of BuOH fraction of Alisma canaliculatum and selenium supplementation increased the liver glycogen and triglyceride levels, and reduced peroxidative liver damage in STZ induced diabetic rats. These results suggest that treatment with a BuOH fraction of Alisma canaliculatum in combination with selenium has no synergistic antioxidative effect. Selenium supplementation may lead a decrease MDA of liver in diabetic rats.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.152-157
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of soybean on blood glucose and lipid concentrations, and antioxidant enzyme activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) patients. We divided patients into two groups and fed them, respectively, a basal diet(control group) and a basal diet with 69 g/d of soybean(soybean group) for 4 weeks. Pills with roasted soybean powder were provided to the soybean supplementation group three times a day. Macronutrients intake except dietary fiber was similar between the two groups. No significant differences were observed in dietary intakes or body weight before and after the supplementation. Energy composition ratio of C:F:P was 65:19:16 in the control group, 64:20:16 in the soybean group. The blood parameters of subjects before supplementation, such as fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose level, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and $HbA_1C$ were not different between the two groups. After supplementation, fasting blood glucose(p<0.001), postprandial glucose level(p<0.001) and serum triglyceride level(p<0.05) were significantly reduced in the soybean group in comparison with the control group. The total cholesterol level was not significantly different between the control and the supplemented group after 4 weeks of treatment. TBARS levels of the soybean group were not significantly different from those of the control group. The activities of catalase(p<0.01) and glutathione peroxidase(p<0.05) were significantly higher in the soybean group compared to the control group. The results of this study suggest that soybean supplementation would be helpful to control blood glucose and serum lipid in diabetic patients. Also, soybean showed an antioxidant activity that may contribute to enhance the effect of antioxidant defense. This activity contributes to protection against oxidative damage in type 2 DM patients. Soybean may have potential use in the disease management of patients with DM.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.322-329
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• 2001

There is growing evidence that soy isoflavones play beneficial role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, current data are not sufficient to determine the effective dose of isoflavone on improving plasma lipid profiles and total antioxidant capacity in Korean menopausal women. In the present study, 24 perimenopausal and 23 postmenopausal women were divided into 3 groups and were given soy isoflavone supplements of 100, 150, 200mg/day for 12weeks. Blood samples were taken before and after 6, 12weeks of soy isoflavone supplementation for analysis of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride and total antioxidant status(TAS). In the perimenopausal women, serum total cholesterol level decreased significantly in all three groups after 12weeks of isoflavone supplementation(p< 0.05). However, serum LDL cholesterol level significantly lowered only in 150 and 200mg groups, and serum triglyceride level decreased significantly in 200mg group(p<0.05). In the postmenopausal women, the 150mg isoflavone supplementation group demonstrated significant effects on lowering serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol levels and raising HDL cholesterol level after 12weeks of isoflavone supplementation(p<0.05). Two hundred mg isoflavone supplementation group had a significantly higher TAS than other groups in both perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. (Korean J Nutrition 34(3) : 322∼329, 2001)

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1988.08a
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• pp.63-69
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• 1988

The effect of $ginsenoside-Rb_2$ purified from ginseng was examined in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The rats of the $ginsenoside-Rb_2-treated$ group showed a significant decrease in blood glucose level as well as a significant decrease of glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver. whereas a significants rise was observed in the activity of glucokinase. Furthermore, the rats treated with $ginsenoside-Rb_2$ showed a significant decrease of glucose and a slight increase of glycogen in the hepatic tissue. The glucose-6-phosphate level tended to increase, the pyruvate level was unchanged and the lactate level tended to decrease. There was, however. no accumulation of total lipid in hepatic tissue. The serum levels of triglyceride. non-esterified fatty acid. 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate were markedly decreased, showing a trend toward restoration of the normal state and inducing. an increase in lipids in the adipose tissue. Additional experiments involving long-term administration of $ginsenoside-Rb_2$ produced results suggesting that $ginsenoside-Rb_2$ may improve diabetic symptoms such as overeating, overdrinking. polyuria and glycosuria.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.217-222
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• 2004

Feeding effects of Cordyceps militaris extract powder in rats were as follows. Triglyceride content was appeared a superior decreasing effect, total cholesterol and phospholipid content were showed relatively low decreasing effect. At this time, 3%(w/w) level of Cordyceps militaris extract powder contents was most effective to decrease these lipids content. As increasing the treating amount of Cordyceps militaris extract powder, the level of plasma glucose was decreased. But these decreasing ratio was not proportioned to the increased treating amount directly. The change of insulin level on plasma, pancreas and femur was proportioned to the plasma glucose concentration also. The Treating amount of Cordyceps militaris extract powder was very close to the decreased ratio of insulin level.