• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.161-179
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• 2001

Recent patterns of infections with digenetic larval trematodes from fresh-water fish were studied in five locations of the river Taega during the period from October, 1998 to September, 2000, and compared with the data reported previously in the same river. The fish were collected using following techniques ; fishing, throwing a castnet, and using a bait of crushed oil cake in a transparent plastic bowl. Of 19 species of fish examined, eight species of encysted larvae, Clonorchis sinensis, Cyathocotyle orientalis, Centrocestus armatus, Clinostomum complanatum, Exorchis oviformis, Metagonimus species, Metacecaria hasegawai, and Metorchs orientalis, and two kinds of undetermined cyst A and C were found. The encysted larvae of Exorchis oviformis were found most frequently from 12 species of fresh-water fish, followed by Metacercaria hasegawai larvae from 9 species, the cyst of Clonorchis sinensis and Cyathocotyle orientalis from 7 species, Centrocestus armatus from 3 species, Clino- stomum complanatum from 2 species, and Metorchis orientalis from 1 species. The infection rates of fish with Clonorchis sinensis larvae were lower than those reported in 1993, whereas their intensity of infection was found lowered in 3 species, Pungtungia herz I, Saurogobio dabry i, and Squalidus jap onicus coreanus. The infection rates and intensity of 6 species of fish with Metagonimus sp ecies larvae were lower than the results in 1993, while the rates in several species of fish with Exorchis oviformis rather higher. The encysted larvae of Cyathocotyle orientalis, Metacercaria hasegawai, and Metorchis orientalis showed variations in infection rates of fish in 1993 and in the present study. However, It was impossible to compare the infection rates for the encysted larvae on the scales, fins and tail as they varied so considerably in both 1993 and 2000 surveys. This study indicate that the rate of infection with digenetic larval trematodes in fresh-water fish was still relatively high in the river Taega, and the metacercarial burden in the fish varies greatly by different fish in 1993.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.344-346
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• 2004

During a survey of the helminth parasites of fresh water fishes in Willamette River, metacercariae of Neascus spp. were found on examination of muscle, spinal cord, fin and skin of Chiselmouth, Acrocheilus alutaceus. One hundred percent of 19 Chiselmouth examined were found to be infected with digenetic trematodes. The prevalence of infection was higher in muscle, varying from $95\%\;and\;100\%$. Higher levels were present in muscle, such that the $100\%$ level being found in upper anterior, lower anterior and posterior. Small numbers of metacercariae were found on the fin and skin. The commonest sites of infection were the musculature and spinal cord. Intensities of Neascus spp. metacercariae tended to be and high levels in muscle and spinal cord. Those were low levels occurred in the fin and skin. There was a high degree of Neascus spp. in the occurrence of digenetic trematode from Chiselmouth.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1190-1197
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• 2010

The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between faecal egg counts and nutritionally-related blood metabolites in Nguni goats of South Africa. Body weights, body condition scores (BCS), FAMACHA scores, faecal and blood samples were collected from 96 Nguni castrates. Faecal samples were analysed using the modified McMaster technique for nematodes and the sedimentation method for trematodes. Blood was analysed for packed cell volume (PCV), glucose, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, urea and creatinine. Season had an effect on glucose, globulin, total protein, creatinine, PCV and faecal egg counts (FEC). Globulin, PCV, creatinine and FEC were significantly higher in the wet season compared to the dry season. A quadratic relationship existed between faecal egg count loads and BCS whilst negative linear relationships were observed between faecal egg counts and creatinine, albumin and cholesterol levels of Nguni goats.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.55-58
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• 2002

The effects of exogenous glucose in artificial spring water (ASW) were studied on the survival and infectivity of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. The mean percent survival of cercariae maintained in 1% glucose in ASW for 36 and 48hr was significantly greater than that of cercariae maintained identically in ASW. Cercariae maintained in ASW with or without glucose for 24hr, fixed in neutral buffered formalin, and stained in Oil Red O. showed an accumulation of neutral lipid in the tail. Cercariae maintained as described above and stained in periodic acid-Schiff exhibited depleted glycogen, mainly from the tail. Cercariae maintained in ASW with glucose for 24hr did not resynthesize glycogen. Cercariae maintained in ASW with glucose for 24hr were as capable of infecting male FVBN202 mice as were freshly emerged cercariae, and increased the percent of worm recovery. Exogeneous glucose added to ASW prolonged the survival of S. mansoni cercariae and increased infectivity in terms of worm recovery.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.71-75
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• 2004

To determine the molecular phylogenie location of Plagiorchis muris, 28S D1 ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) were sequenced and compared with other trematodes in the family Plagiorchiidae. The 28S D1 tree of P. muris was found to be closely related to those of P. elegans and other Plagiorchis species. And, the mtCOI tree also showed that P. muris is in a separate clade with genus Glypthelmins. These results support a phylogenie relationship between members of the Plagiorchiidae, as suggested by morphologic features.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 1985

Collections of Semisulcospira snails and crayfishes were made to detect out larval trematodes in Bogil Islet, Wando-Gun, Chonra-Nam-Do, Korea in August, 1985. In addition, intradermal test to figure out the prevalence rate of paragonimiasis in the islanders was also carried out. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Nineteen out of 186 examinees(10.2%) showed positive reactions by intradermal test with Paragonimus antigen. 2) Forty four snails out of 182 snails collected were infected with trematode cercariae. These larvae were Metagonimus sp., Cercaria yoshidae, Cercaria incerta and Cercarianipponensis. 3) Metacercarial incidence of Paragonimus westermani in crayfish was 65.4%. Mean number of metacercariae per crayfish was 6.5.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.209-221
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• 2001

Examination of the original descriptions of genera placed within the family Oposthorchiidae has revealed that only 33 of the original 43 genera are valid members of this family Further study of these descriptions should also reveal that many of the subfamilies are also invalid. With reference to the original descriptions of these genera, and subsequent literature, a brief survey of the family has been compiled. Information on the spectrum of definitive hosts that these helminths parasitize is provided, as well as information on the life cycles, geographic distribution, and socioeconomic impacts of the family. More in-depth information is given on those species that are of particular medical importance; namely, Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini and O. felineus. The final aims of this review are to provide information on the entire genera of the family Opisthorchiidae, which will aid understanding of the phylogenetic relationships not only within the family, but also within the Class Trematoda.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.373-386
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• 2020

Fish-borne heterophyid trematodes are known to have a zoonotic potential, since at least 30 species are able to infect humans worldwide, with a global infection of around 7 million people. In this paper, a 'state-of-the-art' review of the South American heterophyid species is provided, including classical and molecular taxonomy, parasite ecology, host-parasite interaction studies and a list of species and their hosts. There is still a lack of information on human infections in South America with undetected or unreported infections probably due to the information shortage and little attention by physicians to these small intestinal flukes. Molecular tools for specific diagnoses of South American heterophyid species are still to be defined. Additional new sequences of Pygidiopsis macrostomum, Ascocotyle pindoramensis and Ascocotyle longa from Brazil are also provided.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 1983

A study of infestation patterns for larval trematodes from fresh-water fish and brackish-water fish was carried out during the period from June to October in 1982. They were collected by netting, asking with rod and lino, and using the a bait of crushed oil cake in a transparent plastic bowls at the three localities, Daebon-dong, Kugil-dong, and Hoam-dong in the river Taechong, Kyungpook Province, Korea. Five species of fresh-water fish, the crussian carp, Carassius carassius Linnaeus, the bullhead, Coreobagrus brfvicorpus Mori, the fat minnow, Morose oxycephalus (Bleeker) , the flat bitterling, Paracheilognathus rhombea (Temminck et Schlegel) , and the catfish, Parasilurus asotus (Linnaeus), and two kinds of brackish-water fish, the grey mullet, Mugil cephalus(Linnaeus) and the sweet-fish, Plecoglossus aztivelis (Temminck et Schlegel) were examined. Four species of the metacercariae, Exorchis eviformis, Metacercaria hasegawai, Metorchis orientalis and undetermined larvae were found. Of these, the encysted larvae of the human intestinal fluke, Metagonimus yokegawai, were found from three kinds of fresh-water fish, the crussian carp, the bullhead and the fat minnow and one species of brackish-water fish, the sweets;sh and the infestation rates for the larvae varied appreciably from fish to fish. The intensity of infestation with the Metagonimus larvae in the three species of fresh-water fish was low, and the average number of the larvae per gram of flesh varied from 0.5 to 0.2. By comparison, the brackish-water fish wqs more heavily infested and the mean number of cysts per gram of flesh in Plecoglossus altivelis was 109.2. It was foung that infection with Metagonimus yokogawai os caused by consuming raw fresh-sater fish and brackish-water fish caught in the river Taechong, Kyungpook Province, Korea.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.203-213
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• 2003

The present study was conducted to research some parastic trematodes species in marine bivalves which are widely distributed in the western sea in Korea. From April, 2001 to October, 2002, marsh calm (Corbicula japonica) were obtained from Kochang bay near the Sunun temple and razor calm (Sinonovaculla constricta) from Kaehwado. Short necked calm (Ruditapes philippnarum) were sampled from Ochungdo, Mardo and Kaeyado. Cercaria corbiculae was found in the gonad of C. japonica with a low infection rate of 0.83%. The cercaria and the sporocyst were sized $278{\times}98{\mu}$ and $890{\times}275{\mu}$, respectively. Some encysted larvae of Parvatrema duboisi sized $0.351{\times}0.182mm$ were firstly found in the mantle of S. constricta in Korea. Each S. constricta contained 1-9 cysts and the infection rate was 48.3%. Cercaria tapidis was found in the both gonad and mantle of R. philippinarum. The annual average infection rate in the R. philippinarum from Ochungdo was 7.7%. This rate was much higher than those from Solri near the Kum river estuary in 1981. The infection rate of C. tapidis in R. philippinarum was different in sizes. The maximum rate was 4.8% in size 3.6-4.0cm and the minimum rate 0.8% in size 4-5cm.